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Author Isabelle Guyon; Imad Chaabane; Hugo Jair Escalante; Sergio Escalera; Damir Jajetic; James Robert Lloyd; Nuria Macia; Bisakha Ray; Lukasz Romaszko; Michele Sebag; Alexander Statnikov; Sebastien Treguer; Evelyne Viegas edit  openurl
  Title (up) A brief Review of the ChaLearn AutoML Challenge: Any-time Any-dataset Learning without Human Intervention Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication AutoML Workshop Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 1 Pages 1-8  
  Keywords AutoML Challenge; machine learning; model selection; meta-learning; repre- sentation learning; active learning  
  Abstract The ChaLearn AutoML Challenge team conducted a large scale evaluation of fully automatic, black-box learning machines for feature-based classification and regression problems. The test bed was composed of 30 data sets from a wide variety of application domains and ranged across different types of complexity. Over six rounds, participants succeeded in delivering AutoML software capable of being trained and tested without human intervention. Although improvements can still be made to close the gap between human-tweaked and AutoML models, this competition contributes to the development of fully automated environments by challenging practitioners to solve problems under specific constraints and sharing their approaches; the platform will remain available for post-challenge submissions at http://codalab.org/AutoML.  
  Address New York; USA; June 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICML  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GCE2016 Serial 2769  
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Author Maria Oliver; G. Haro; Mariella Dimiccoli; B. Mazin; C. Ballester edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) A Computational Model for Amodal Completion Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision Abbreviated Journal JMIV  
  Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 511–534  
  Keywords Perception; visual completion; disocclusion; Bayesian model;relatability; Euler elastica  
  Abstract This paper presents a computational model to recover the most likely interpretation
of the 3D scene structure from a planar image, where some objects may occlude others. The estimated scene interpretation is obtained by integrating some global and local cues and provides both the complete disoccluded objects that form the scene and their ordering according to depth.
Our method first computes several distal scenes which are compatible with the proximal planar image. To compute these different hypothesized scenes, we propose a perceptually inspired object disocclusion method, which works by minimizing the Euler's elastica as well as by incorporating the relatability of partially occluded contours and the convexity of the disoccluded objects. Then, to estimate the preferred scene we rely on a Bayesian model and define probabilities taking into account the global complexity of the objects in the hypothesized scenes as well as the effort of bringing these objects in their relative position in the planar image, which is also measured by an Euler's elastica-based quantity. The model is illustrated with numerical experiments on, both, synthetic and real images showing the ability of our model to reconstruct the occluded objects and the preferred perceptual order among them. We also present results on images of the Berkeley dataset with provided figure-ground ground-truth labeling.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB; 601.235 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OHD2016b Serial 2745  
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Author Maria Oliver; Gloria Haro; Mariella Dimiccoli; Baptiste Mazin; Coloma Ballester edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title (up) A computational model of amodal completion Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication SIAM Conference on Imaging Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents a computational model to recover the most likely interpretation of the 3D scene structure from a planar image, where some objects may occlude others. The estimated scene interpretation is obtained by integrating some global and local cues and provides both the complete disoccluded objects that form the scene and their ordering according to depth. Our method first computes several distal scenes which are compatible with the proximal planar image. To compute these different hypothesized scenes, we propose a perceptually inspired object disocclusion method, which works by minimizing the Euler's elastica as well as by incorporating the relatability of partially occluded contours and the convexity of the disoccluded objects. Then, to estimate the preferred scene we rely on a Bayesian model and define probabilities taking into account the global complexity of the objects in the hypothesized scenes as well as the effort of bringing these objects in their relative position in the planar image, which is also measured by an Euler's elastica-based quantity. The model is illustrated with numerical experiments on, both, synthetic and real images showing the ability of our model to reconstruct the occluded objects and the preferred perceptual order among them. We also present results on images of the Berkeley dataset with provided figure-ground ground-truth labeling.  
  Address Albuquerque; New Mexico; USA; May 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference IS  
  Notes MILAB; 601.235 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @OHD2016a Serial 2788  
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Author Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title (up) A fast hierarchical method for multi‐script and arbitrary oriented scene text extraction Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition Abbreviated Journal IJDAR  
  Volume 19 Issue 4 Pages 335-349  
  Keywords scene text; segmentation; detection; hierarchical grouping; perceptual organisation  
  Abstract Typography and layout lead to the hierarchical organisation of text in words, text lines, paragraphs. This inherent structure is a key property of text in any script and language, which has nonetheless been minimally leveraged by existing text detection methods. This paper addresses the problem of text
segmentation in natural scenes from a hierarchical perspective.
Contrary to existing methods, we make explicit use of text structure, aiming directly to the detection of region groupings corresponding to text within a hierarchy produced by an agglomerative similarity clustering process over individual regions. We propose an optimal way to construct such an hierarchy introducing a feature space designed to produce text group hypotheses with
high recall and a novel stopping rule combining a discriminative classifier and a probabilistic measure of group meaningfulness based in perceptual organization. Results obtained over four standard datasets, covering text in variable orientations and different languages, demonstrate that our algorithm, while being trained in a single mixed dataset, outperforms state of the art
methods in unconstrained scenarios.
 
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  Notes DAG; 600.056; 601.197 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GoK2016a Serial 2862  
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Author Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) A fine-grained approach to scene text script identification Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 12th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 192-197  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper focuses on the problem of script identification in unconstrained scenarios. Script identification is an important prerequisite to recognition, and an indispensable condition for automatic text understanding systems designed for multi-language environments. Although widely studied for document images and handwritten documents, it remains an almost unexplored territory for scene text images. We detail a novel method for script identification in natural images that combines convolutional features and the Naive-Bayes Nearest Neighbor classifier. The proposed framework efficiently exploits the discriminative power of small stroke-parts, in a fine-grained classification framework. In addition, we propose a new public benchmark dataset for the evaluation of joint text detection and script identification in natural scenes. Experiments done in this new dataset demonstrate that the proposed method yields state of the art results, while it generalizes well to different datasets and variable number of scripts. The evidence provided shows that multi-lingual scene text recognition in the wild is a viable proposition. Source code of the proposed method is made available online.  
  Address Santorini; Grecia; April 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference DAS  
  Notes DAG; 601.197; 600.084 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GoK2016b Serial 2863  
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Author Miguel Angel Bautista; Antonio Hernandez; Sergio Escalera; Laura Igual; Oriol Pujol; Josep Moya; Veronica Violant; Maria Teresa Anguera edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) A Gesture Recognition System for Detecting Behavioral Patterns of ADHD Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics, Part B Abbreviated Journal TSMCB  
  Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 136-147  
  Keywords Gesture Recognition; ADHD; Gaussian Mixture Models; Convex Hulls; Dynamic Time Warping; Multi-modal RGB-Depth data  
  Abstract We present an application of gesture recognition using an extension of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to recognize behavioural patterns of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We propose an extension of DTW using one-class classifiers in order to be able to encode the variability of a gesture category, and thus, perform an alignment between a gesture sample and a gesture class. We model the set of gesture samples of a certain gesture category using either GMMs or an approximation of Convex Hulls. Thus, we add a theoretical contribution to classical warping path in DTW by including local modeling of intra-class gesture variability. This methodology is applied in a clinical context, detecting a group of ADHD behavioural patterns defined by experts in psychology/psychiatry, to provide support to clinicians in the diagnose procedure. The proposed methodology is tested on a novel multi-modal dataset (RGB plus Depth) of ADHD children recordings with behavioural patterns. We obtain satisfying results when compared to standard state-of-the-art approaches in the DTW context.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA; MILAB; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BHE2016 Serial 2566  
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Author Fernando Vilariño; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit  openurl
  Title (up) A Living Lab approach for Citizen Science in Libraries Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 1st International ECSA Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract  
  Address Berlin; Germany; May 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ECSA  
  Notes MV; DAG; 600.084; 600.097;SIAI Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ViK2016 Serial 2804  
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Author Gerard Canal; Sergio Escalera; Cecilio Angulo edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) A Real-time Human-Robot Interaction system based on gestures for assistive scenarios Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Computer Vision and Image Understanding Abbreviated Journal CVIU  
  Volume 149 Issue Pages 65-77  
  Keywords Gesture recognition; Human Robot Interaction; Dynamic Time Warping; Pointing location estimation  
  Abstract Natural and intuitive human interaction with robotic systems is a key point to develop robots assisting people in an easy and effective way. In this paper, a Human Robot Interaction (HRI) system able to recognize gestures usually employed in human non-verbal communication is introduced, and an in-depth study of its usability is performed. The system deals with dynamic gestures such as waving or nodding which are recognized using a Dynamic Time Warping approach based on gesture specific features computed from depth maps. A static gesture consisting in pointing at an object is also recognized. The pointed location is then estimated in order to detect candidate objects the user may refer to. When the pointed object is unclear for the robot, a disambiguation procedure by means of either a verbal or gestural dialogue is performed. This skill would lead to the robot picking an object in behalf of the user, which could present difficulties to do it by itself. The overall system — which is composed by a NAO and Wifibot robots, a KinectTM v2 sensor and two laptops — is firstly evaluated in a structured lab setup. Then, a broad set of user tests has been completed, which allows to assess correct performance in terms of recognition rates, easiness of use and response times.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Elsevier B.V. Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CEA2016 Serial 2768  
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Author Katerine Diaz; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) A reduced feature set for driver head pose estimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Applied Soft Computing Abbreviated Journal ASOC  
  Volume 45 Issue Pages 98-107  
  Keywords Head pose estimation; driving performance evaluation; subspace based methods; linear regression  
  Abstract Evaluation of driving performance is of utmost importance in order to reduce road accident rate. Since driving ability includes visual-spatial and operational attention, among others, head pose estimation of the driver is a crucial indicator of driving performance. This paper proposes a new automatic method for coarse and fine head's yaw angle estimation of the driver. We rely on a set of geometric features computed from just three representative facial keypoints, namely the center of the eyes and the nose tip. With these geometric features, our method combines two manifold embedding methods and a linear regression one. In addition, the method has a confidence mechanism to decide if the classification of a sample is not reliable. The approach has been tested using the CMU-PIE dataset and our own driver dataset. Despite the very few facial keypoints required, the results are comparable to the state-of-the-art techniques. The low computational cost of the method and its robustness makes feasible to integrate it in massive consume devices as a real time application.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DHL2016 Serial 2760  
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Author Anders Hast; Alicia Fornes edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) A Segmentation-free Handwritten Word Spotting Approach by Relaxed Feature Matching Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 12th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 150-155  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The automatic recognition of historical handwritten documents is still considered challenging task. For this reason, word spotting emerges as a good alternative for making the information contained in these documents available to the user. Word spotting is defined as the task of retrieving all instances of the query word in a document collection, becoming a useful tool for information retrieval. In this paper we propose a segmentation-free word spotting approach able to deal with large document collections. Our method is inspired on feature matching algorithms that have been applied to image matching and retrieval. Since handwritten words have different shape, there is no exact transformation to be obtained. However, the sufficient degree of relaxation is achieved by using a Fourier based descriptor and an alternative approach to RANSAC called PUMA. The proposed approach is evaluated on historical marriage records, achieving promising results.  
  Address Santorini; Greece; April 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference DAS  
  Notes DAG; 602.006; 600.061; 600.077; 600.097 Approved no  
  Call Number HaF2016 Serial 2753  
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Author Mohammad Ali Bagheri; Qigang Gao; Sergio Escalera edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) Action Recognition by Pairwise Proximity Function Support Vector Machines with Dynamic Time Warping Kernels Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 29th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9673 Issue Pages 3-14  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In the context of human action recognition using skeleton data, the 3D trajectories of joint points may be considered as multi-dimensional time series. The traditional recognition technique in the literature is based on time series dis(similarity) measures (such as Dynamic Time Warping). For these general dis(similarity) measures, k-nearest neighbor algorithms are a natural choice. However, k-NN classifiers are known to be sensitive to noise and outliers. In this paper, a new class of Support Vector Machine that is applicable to trajectory classification, such as action recognition, is developed by incorporating an efficient time-series distances measure into the kernel function. More specifically, the derivative of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance measure is employed as the SVM kernel. In addition, the pairwise proximity learning strategy is utilized in order to make use of non-positive semi-definite (PSD) kernels in the SVM formulation. The recognition results of the proposed technique on two action recognition datasets demonstrates the ourperformance of our methodology compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Remarkably, we obtained 89 % accuracy on the well-known MSRAction3D dataset using only 3D trajectories of body joints obtained by Kinect  
  Address Victoria; Canada; May 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer International Publishing Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference AI  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BGE2016b Serial 2770  
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Author Jean-Pascal Jacob; Mariella Dimiccoli; Lionel Moisan edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) Active skeleton for bacteria modeling Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging and Visualization Abbreviated Journal CMBBE  
  Volume 5 Issue 4 Pages 274-286  
  Keywords Bacteria modelling; medial axis; active contours; active skeleton; shape contraints  
  Abstract The investigation of spatio-temporal dynamics of bacterial cells and their molecular components requires automated image analysis tools to track cell shape properties and molecular component locations inside the cells. In the study of bacteria aging, the molecular components of interest are protein aggregates accumulated near bacteria boundaries. This particular location makes very ambiguous the correspondence between aggregates and cells, since computing accurately bacteria boundaries in phase-contrast time-lapse imaging is a challenging task. This paper proposes an active skeleton formulation for bacteria modeling which provides several advantages: an easy computation of shape properties (perimeter, length, thickness, orientation), an improved boundary accuracy in noisy images, and a natural bacteria-centered coordinate system that permits the intrinsic location of molecular components inside the cell. Starting from an initial skeleton estimate, the medial axis of the bacterium is obtained by minimizing an energy function which incorporates bacteria shape constraints. Experimental results on biological images and comparative evaluation of the performances validate the proposed approach for modeling cigar-shaped bacteria like Escherichia coli. The Image-J plugin of the proposed method can be found online at this http URL  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JDM2016 Serial 2711  
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Author Joan Mas; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) An Interactive Transcription System of Census Records using Word-Spotting based Information Transfer Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 12th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 54-59  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents a system to assist in the transcription of historical handwritten census records in a crowdsourcing platform. Census records have a tabular structured layout. They consist in a sequence of rows with information of homes ordered by street address. For each household snippet in the page, the list of family members is reported. The censuses are recorded in intervals of a few years and the information of individuals in each household is quite stable from a point in time to the next one. This redundancy is used to assist the transcriber, so the redundant information is transferred from the census already transcribed to the next one. Household records are aligned from one year to the next one using the knowledge of the ordering by street address. Given an already transcribed census, a query by string word spotting is applied. Thus, names from the census in time t are used as queries in the corresponding home record in time t+1. Since the search is constrained, the obtained precision-recall values are very high, with an important reduction in the transcription time. The proposed system has been tested in a real citizen-science experience where non expert users transcribe the census data of their home town.  
  Address Santorini; Greece; April 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference DAS  
  Notes DAG; 603.053; 602.006; 600.061; 600.077; 600.097 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MFL2016 Serial 2751  
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Author Maria Elena Meza-de-Luna; Juan Ramon Terven Salinas; Bogdan Raducanu; Joaquin Salas edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title (up) Assessing the Influence of Mirroring on the Perception of Professional Competence using Wearable Technology Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing Abbreviated Journal TAC  
  Volume 9 Issue 2 Pages 161-175  
  Keywords Mirroring; Nodding; Competence; Perception; Wearable Technology  
  Abstract Nonverbal communication is an intrinsic part in daily face-to-face meetings. A frequently observed behavior during social interactions is mirroring, in which one person tends to mimic the attitude of the counterpart. This paper shows that a computer vision system could be used to predict the perception of competence in dyadic interactions through the automatic detection of mirroring
events. To prove our hypothesis, we developed: (1) A social assistant for mirroring detection, using a wearable device which includes a video camera and (2) an automatic classifier for the perception of competence, using the number of nodding gestures and mirroring events as predictors. For our study, we used a mixed-method approach in an experimental design where 48 participants acting as customers interacted with a confederated psychologist. We found that the number of nods or mirroring events has a significant influence on the perception of competence. Our results suggest that: (1) Customer mirroring is a better predictor than psychologist mirroring; (2) the number of psychologist’s nods is a better predictor than the number of customer’s nods; (3) except for the psychologist mirroring, the computer vision algorithm we used worked about equally well whether it was acquiring images from wearable smartglasses or fixed cameras.
 
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  Notes LAMP; 600.072; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MTR2016 Serial 2826  
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Author Jose A. Garcia; David Masip; Valerio Sbragaglia; Jacopo Aguzzi edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title (up) Automated Identification and Tracking of Nephrops norvegicus (L.) Using Infrared and Monochromatic Blue Light Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 19th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords computer vision; video analysis; object recognition; tracking; behaviour; social; decapod; Nephrops norvegicus  
  Abstract Automated video and image analysis can be a very efficient tool to analyze
animal behavior based on sociality, especially in hard access environments
for researchers. The understanding of this social behavior can play a key role in the sustainable design of capture policies of many species. This paper proposes the use of computer vision algorithms to identify and track a specific specie, the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus, a burrowing decapod with relevant commercial value which is captured by trawling. These animals can only be captured when are engaged in seabed excursions, which are strongly related with their social behavior.
This emergent behavior is modulated by the day-night cycle, but their social
interactions remain unknown to the scientific community. The paper introduces an identification scheme made of four distinguishable black and white tags (geometric shapes). The project has recorded 15-day experiments in laboratory pools, under monochromatic blue light (472 nm.) and darkness conditions (recorded using Infra Red light). Using this massive image set, we propose a comparative of state-ofthe-art computer vision algorithms to distinguish and track the different animals’ movements. We evaluate the robustness to the high noise presence in the infrared video signals and free out-of-plane rotations due to animal movement. The experiments show promising accuracies under a cross-validation protocol, being adaptable to the automation and analysis of large scale data. In a second contribution, we created an extensive dataset of shapes (46027 different shapes) from four daily experimental video recordings, which will be available to the community.
 
  Address Barcelona; Spain; October 2016  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CCIA  
  Notes OR;MV; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GMS2016 Serial 2816  
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