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Author Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Multimodal Inverse Perspective Mapping Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Information Fusion Abbreviated Journal IF  
  Volume 24 Issue (up) Pages 108–121  
  Keywords Inverse perspective mapping; Multimodal sensor fusion; Intelligent vehicles  
  Abstract Over the past years, inverse perspective mapping has been successfully applied to several problems in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. In brief, the method consists of mapping images to a new coordinate system where perspective effects are removed. The removal of perspective associated effects facilitates road and obstacle detection and also assists in free space estimation. There is, however, a significant limitation in the inverse perspective mapping: the presence of obstacles on the road disrupts the effectiveness of the mapping. The current paper proposes a robust solution based on the use of multimodal sensor fusion. Data from a laser range finder is fused with images from the cameras, so that the mapping is not computed in the regions where obstacles are present. As shown in the results, this considerably improves the effectiveness of the algorithm and reduces computation time when compared with the classical inverse perspective mapping. Furthermore, the proposed approach is also able to cope with several cameras with different lenses or image resolutions, as well as dynamic viewpoints.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OSS2015c Serial 2532  
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Author Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Muhammad Anwer Rao; Joost Van de Weijer; Michael Felsberg; J.Laaksonen edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Compact color texture description for texture classification Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume 51 Issue (up) Pages 16-22  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Describing textures is a challenging problem in computer vision and pattern recognition. The classification problem involves assigning a category label to the texture class it belongs to. Several factors such as variations in scale, illumination and viewpoint make the problem of texture description extremely challenging. A variety of histogram based texture representations exists in literature.
However, combining multiple texture descriptors and assessing their complementarity is still an open research problem. In this paper, we first show that combining multiple local texture descriptors significantly improves the recognition performance compared to using a single best method alone. This
gain in performance is achieved at the cost of high-dimensional final image representation. To counter this problem, we propose to use an information-theoretic compression technique to obtain a compact texture description without any significant loss in accuracy. In addition, we perform a comprehensive
evaluation of pure color descriptors, popular in object recognition, for the problem of texture classification. Experiments are performed on four challenging texture datasets namely, KTH-TIPS-2a, KTH-TIPS-2b, FMD and Texture-10. The experiments clearly demonstrate that our proposed compact multi-texture approach outperforms the single best texture method alone. In all cases, discriminative color names outperforms other color features for texture classification. Finally, we show that combining discriminative color names with compact texture representation outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 7:8%, 4:3% and 5:0% on KTH-TIPS-2a, KTH-TIPS-2b and Texture-10 datasets respectively.
 
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  Notes LAMP; 600.068; 600.079;ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KRW2015a Serial 2587  
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Author Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca; Felipe Lumbreras edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Multi-part body segmentation based on depth maps for soft biometry analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume 56 Issue (up) Pages 14-21  
  Keywords 3D shape context; 3D point cloud alignment; Depth maps; Human body segmentation; Soft biometry analysis  
  Abstract This paper presents a novel method extracting biometric measures using depth sensors. Given a multi-part labeled training data, a new subject is aligned to the best model of the dataset, and soft biometrics such as lengths or circumference sizes of limbs and body are computed. The process is performed by training relevant pose clusters, defining a representative model, and fitting a 3D shape context descriptor within an iterative matching procedure. We show robust measures by applying orthogonal plates to body hull. We test our approach in a novel full-body RGB-Depth data set, showing accurate estimation of soft biometrics and better segmentation accuracy in comparison with random forest approach without requiring large training data.  
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  Notes HuPBA; ISE; ADAS; 600.076;600.049; 600.063; 600.054; 302.018;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MEG2015 Serial 2588  
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Author Katerine Diaz; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A reduced feature set for driver head pose estimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Applied Soft Computing Abbreviated Journal ASOC  
  Volume 45 Issue (up) Pages 98-107  
  Keywords Head pose estimation; driving performance evaluation; subspace based methods; linear regression  
  Abstract Evaluation of driving performance is of utmost importance in order to reduce road accident rate. Since driving ability includes visual-spatial and operational attention, among others, head pose estimation of the driver is a crucial indicator of driving performance. This paper proposes a new automatic method for coarse and fine head's yaw angle estimation of the driver. We rely on a set of geometric features computed from just three representative facial keypoints, namely the center of the eyes and the nose tip. With these geometric features, our method combines two manifold embedding methods and a linear regression one. In addition, the method has a confidence mechanism to decide if the classification of a sample is not reliable. The approach has been tested using the CMU-PIE dataset and our own driver dataset. Despite the very few facial keypoints required, the results are comparable to the state-of-the-art techniques. The low computational cost of the method and its robustness makes feasible to integrate it in massive consume devices as a real time application.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DHL2016 Serial 2760  
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Author Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa; P. Dias; A. Moreira edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Incremental Scenario Representations for Autonomous Driving using Geometric Polygonal Primitives Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Robotics and Autonomous Systems Abbreviated Journal RAS  
  Volume 83 Issue (up) Pages 312-325  
  Keywords Incremental scene reconstruction; Point clouds; Autonomous vehicles; Polygonal primitives  
  Abstract When an autonomous vehicle is traveling through some scenario it receives a continuous stream of sensor data. This sensor data arrives in an asynchronous fashion and often contains overlapping or redundant information. Thus, it is not trivial how a representation of the environment observed by the vehicle can be created and updated over time. This paper presents a novel methodology to compute an incremental 3D representation of a scenario from 3D range measurements. We propose to use macro scale polygonal primitives to model the scenario. This means that the representation of the scene is given as a list of large scale polygons that describe the geometric structure of the environment. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms designed to update the geometric polygonal primitives over time whenever fresh sensor data is collected. Results show that the approach is capable of producing accurate descriptions of the scene, and that it is computationally very efficient when compared to other reconstruction techniques.  
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  Publisher Elsevier B.V. Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.086, 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @OSS2016a Serial 2806  
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Author Angel Sappa; Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Juan A. Carvajal Ayala; Miguel Oliveira; Dennis Romero; Boris X. Vintimilla; Ricardo Toledo edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Monocular visual odometry: A cross-spectral image fusion based approach Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Robotics and Autonomous Systems Abbreviated Journal RAS  
  Volume 85 Issue (up) Pages 26-36  
  Keywords Monocular visual odometry; LWIR-RGB cross-spectral imaging; Image fusion  
  Abstract This manuscript evaluates the usage of fused cross-spectral images in a monocular visual odometry approach. Fused images are obtained through a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) scheme, where the best setup is empirically obtained by means of a mutual information based evaluation metric. The objective is to have a flexible scheme where fusion parameters are adapted according to the characteristics of the given images. Visual odometry is computed from the fused monocular images using an off the shelf approach. Experimental results using data sets obtained with two different platforms are presented. Additionally, comparison with a previous approach as well as with monocular-visible/infrared spectra are also provided showing the advantages of the proposed scheme.  
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  Publisher Elsevier B.V. Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes ADAS;600.086; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @SAC2016 Serial 2811  
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Author Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa; P. Dias; A. Moreira edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Incremental texture mapping for autonomous driving Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Robotics and Autonomous Systems Abbreviated Journal RAS  
  Volume 84 Issue (up) Pages 113-128  
  Keywords Scene reconstruction; Autonomous driving; Texture mapping  
  Abstract Autonomous vehicles have a large number of on-board sensors, not only for providing coverage all around the vehicle, but also to ensure multi-modality in the observation of the scene. Because of this, it is not trivial to come up with a single, unique representation that feeds from the data given by all these sensors. We propose an algorithm which is capable of mapping texture collected from vision based sensors onto a geometric description of the scenario constructed from data provided by 3D sensors. The algorithm uses a constrained Delaunay triangulation to produce a mesh which is updated using a specially devised sequence of operations. These enforce a partial configuration of the mesh that avoids bad quality textures and ensures that there are no gaps in the texture. Results show that this algorithm is capable of producing fine quality textures.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.086 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OSS2016b Serial 2912  
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Author David Vazquez; Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach; Antonio Lopez; Adriana Romero; Michal Drozdzal; Aaron Courville edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title A Benchmark for Endoluminal Scene Segmentation of Colonoscopy Images Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Journal of Healthcare Engineering Abbreviated Journal JHCE  
  Volume Issue (up) Pages 2040-2295  
  Keywords Colonoscopy images; Deep Learning; Semantic Segmentation  
  Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer death world-wide. Currently, the standard approach to reduce CRC-related mortality is to perform regular screening in search for polyps and colonoscopy is the screening tool of choice. The main limitations of this screening procedure are polyp miss- rate and inability to perform visual assessment of polyp malignancy. These drawbacks can be reduced by designing Decision Support Systems (DSS) aim- ing to help clinicians in the different stages of the procedure by providing endoluminal scene segmentation. Thus, in this paper, we introduce an extended benchmark of colonoscopy image segmentation, with the hope of establishing a new strong benchmark for colonoscopy image analysis research. The proposed dataset consists of 4 relevant classes to inspect the endolumninal scene, tar- geting different clinical needs. Together with the dataset and taking advantage of advances in semantic segmentation literature, we provide new baselines by training standard fully convolutional networks (FCN). We perform a compar- ative study to show that FCN significantly outperform, without any further post-processing, prior results in endoluminal scene segmentation, especially with respect to polyp segmentation and localization.  
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  Notes ADAS; MV; 600.075; 600.085; 600.076; 601.281; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number VBS2017b Serial 2940  
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Author Joan Serrat; Felipe Lumbreras; Francisco Blanco; Manuel Valiente; Montserrat Lopez-Mesas edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title myStone: A system for automatic kidney stone classification Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Expert Systems with Applications Abbreviated Journal ESA  
  Volume 89 Issue (up) Pages 41-51  
  Keywords Kidney stone; Optical device; Computer vision; Image classification  
  Abstract Kidney stone formation is a common disease and the incidence rate is constantly increasing worldwide. It has been shown that the classification of kidney stones can lead to an important reduction of the recurrence rate. The classification of kidney stones by human experts on the basis of certain visual color and texture features is one of the most employed techniques. However, the knowledge of how to analyze kidney stones is not widespread, and the experts learn only after being trained on a large number of samples of the different classes. In this paper we describe a new device specifically designed for capturing images of expelled kidney stones, and a method to learn and apply the experts knowledge with regard to their classification. We show that with off the shelf components, a carefully selected set of features and a state of the art classifier it is possible to automate this difficult task to a good degree. We report results on a collection of 454 kidney stones, achieving an overall accuracy of 63% for a set of eight classes covering almost all of the kidney stones taxonomy. Moreover, for more than 80% of samples the real class is the first or the second most probable class according to the system, being then the patient recommendations for the two top classes similar. This is the first attempt towards the automatic visual classification of kidney stones, and based on the current results we foresee better accuracies with the increase of the dataset size.  
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  Notes ADAS; MSIAU; 603.046; 600.122; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SLB2017 Serial 3026  
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Author Antonio Lopez; Gabriel Villalonga; Laura Sellart; German Ros; David Vazquez; Jiaolong Xu; Javier Marin; Azadeh S. Mozafari edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Training my car to see using virtual worlds Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Image and Vision Computing Abbreviated Journal IMAVIS  
  Volume 38 Issue (up) Pages 102-118  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Computer vision technologies are at the core of different advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and will play a key role in oncoming autonomous vehicles too. One of the main challenges for such technologies is to perceive the driving environment, i.e. to detect and track relevant driving information in a reliable manner (e.g. pedestrians in the vehicle route, free space to drive through). Nowadays it is clear that machine learning techniques are essential for developing such a visual perception for driving. In particular, the standard working pipeline consists of collecting data (i.e. on-board images), manually annotating the data (e.g. drawing bounding boxes around pedestrians), learning a discriminative data representation taking advantage of such annotations (e.g. a deformable part-based model, a deep convolutional neural network), and then assessing the reliability of such representation with the acquired data. In the last two decades most of the research efforts focused on representation learning (first, designing descriptors and learning classifiers; later doing it end-to-end). Hence, collecting data and, especially, annotating it, is essential for learning good representations. While this has been the case from the very beginning, only after the disruptive appearance of deep convolutional neural networks that it became a serious issue due to their data hungry nature. In this context, the problem is that manual data annotation is a tiresome work prone to errors. Accordingly, in the late 00’s we initiated a research line consisting of training visual models using photo-realistic computer graphics, especially focusing on assisted and autonomous driving. In this paper, we summarize such a work and show how it has become a new tendency with increasing acceptance.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LVS2017 Serial 2985  
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