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Author Cesar de Souza; Adrien Gaidon; Yohann Cabon; Naila Murray; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Generating Human Action Videos by Coupling 3D Game Engines and Probabilistic Graphical Models Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV  
  Volume 128 Issue Pages 1505–1536  
  Keywords (down) Procedural generation; Human action recognition; Synthetic data; Physics  
  Abstract Deep video action recognition models have been highly successful in recent years but require large quantities of manually-annotated data, which are expensive and laborious to obtain. In this work, we investigate the generation of synthetic training data for video action recognition, as synthetic data have been successfully used to supervise models for a variety of other computer vision tasks. We propose an interpretable parametric generative model of human action videos that relies on procedural generation, physics models and other components of modern game engines. With this model we generate a diverse, realistic, and physically plausible dataset of human action videos, called PHAV for “Procedural Human Action Videos”. PHAV contains a total of 39,982 videos, with more than 1000 examples for each of 35 action categories. Our video generation approach is not limited to existing motion capture sequences: 14 of these 35 categories are procedurally-defined synthetic actions. In addition, each video is represented with 6 different data modalities, including RGB, optical flow and pixel-level semantic labels. These modalities are generated almost simultaneously using the Multiple Render Targets feature of modern GPUs. In order to leverage PHAV, we introduce a deep multi-task (i.e. that considers action classes from multiple datasets) representation learning architecture that is able to simultaneously learn from synthetic and real video datasets, even when their action categories differ. Our experiments on the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 benchmarks suggest that combining our large set of synthetic videos with small real-world datasets can boost recognition performance. Our approach also significantly outperforms video representations produced by fine-tuning state-of-the-art unsupervised generative models of videos.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SGC2019 Serial 3303  
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Author Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach; Debora Gil; Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel; Fernando Vilariño edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title WM-DOVA Maps for Accurate Polyp Highlighting in Colonoscopy: Validation vs. Saliency Maps from Physicians Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics Abbreviated Journal CMIG  
  Volume 43 Issue Pages 99-111  
  Keywords (down) Polyp localization; Energy Maps; Colonoscopy; Saliency; Valley detection  
  Abstract We introduce in this paper a novel polyp localization method for colonoscopy videos. Our method is based on a model of appearance for polyps which defines polyp boundaries in terms of valley information. We propose the integration of valley information in a robust way fostering complete, concave and continuous boundaries typically associated to polyps. This integration is done by using a window of radial sectors which accumulate valley information to create WMDOVA1 energy maps related with the likelihood of polyp presence. We perform a double validation of our maps, which include the introduction of two new databases, including the first, up to our knowledge, fully annotated database with clinical metadata associated. First we assess that the highest value corresponds with the location of the polyp in the image. Second, we show that WM-DOVA energy maps can be comparable with saliency maps obtained from physicians' fixations obtained via an eye-tracker. Finally, we prove that our method outperforms state-of-the-art computational saliency results. Our method shows good performance, particularly for small polyps which are reported to be the main sources of polyp miss-rate, which indicates the potential applicability of our method in clinical practice.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0895-6111 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MV; IAM; 600.047; 600.060; 600.075;SIAI Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BSF2015 Serial 2609  
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Author Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Yagmur Gucluturk; Marc Perez; Umut Guçlu; Carlos Andujar; Xavier Baro; Hugo Jair Escalante; Isabelle Guyon; Marcel A. J. van Gerven; Rob van Lier; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title First Impressions: A Survey on Vision-Based Apparent Personality Trait Analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing Abbreviated Journal TAC  
  Volume 13 Issue 1 Pages 75-95  
  Keywords (down) Personality computing; first impressions; person perception; big-five; subjective bias; computer vision; machine learning; nonverbal signals; facial expression; gesture; speech analysis; multi-modal recognition  
  Abstract Personality analysis has been widely studied in psychology, neuropsychology, and signal processing fields, among others. From the past few years, it also became an attractive research area in visual computing. From the computational point of view, by far speech and text have been the most considered cues of information for analyzing personality. However, recently there has been an increasing interest from the computer vision community in analyzing personality from visual data. Recent computer vision approaches are able to accurately analyze human faces, body postures and behaviors, and use these information to infer apparent personality traits. Because of the overwhelming research interest in this topic, and of the potential impact that this sort of methods could have in society, we present in this paper an up-to-date review of existing vision-based approaches for apparent personality trait recognition. We describe seminal and cutting edge works on the subject, discussing and comparing their distinctive features and limitations. Future venues of research in the field are identified and discussed. Furthermore, aspects on the subjectivity in data labeling/evaluation, as well as current datasets and challenges organized to push the research on the field are reviewed.  
  Address 1 Jan.-March 2022  
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  Notes HuPBA Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JGP2022 Serial 3724  
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Author Idoia Ruiz; Bogdan Raducanu; Rakesh Mehta; Jaume Amores edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Optimizing speed/accuracy trade-off for person re-identification via knowledge distillation Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence Abbreviated Journal EAAI  
  Volume 87 Issue Pages 103309  
  Keywords (down) Person re-identification; Network distillation; Image retrieval; Model compression; Surveillance  
  Abstract Finding a person across a camera network plays an important role in video surveillance. For a real-world person re-identification application, in order to guarantee an optimal time response, it is crucial to find the balance between accuracy and speed. We analyse this trade-off, comparing a classical method, that comprises hand-crafted feature description and metric learning, in particular, LOMO and XQDA, to deep learning based techniques, using image classification networks, ResNet and MobileNets. Additionally, we propose and analyse network distillation as a learning strategy to reduce the computational cost of the deep learning approach at test time. We evaluate both methods on the Market-1501 and DukeMTMC-reID large-scale datasets, showing that distillation helps reducing the computational cost at inference time while even increasing the accuracy performance.  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.109; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RRM2020 Serial 3401  
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Author Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados edit  url
openurl 
  Title A Performance Evaluation Protocol for Symbol Spotting Systems in Terms of Recognition and Location Indices Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition Abbreviated Journal IJDAR  
  Volume 12 Issue 2 Pages 83-96  
  Keywords (down) Performance evaluation; Symbol Spotting; Graphics Recognition  
  Abstract Symbol spotting systems are intended to retrieve regions of interest from a document image database where the queried symbol is likely to be found. They shall have the ability to recognize and locate graphical symbols in a single step. In this paper, we present a set of measures to evaluate the performance of a symbol spotting system in terms of recognition abilities, location accuracy and scalability. We show that the proposed measures allow to determine the weaknesses and strengths of different methods. In particular we have tested a symbol spotting method based on a set of four different off-the-shelf shape descriptors.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1433-2833 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number DAG @ dag @ RuL2009a Serial 1166  
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Author Maria Oliver; G. Haro; Mariella Dimiccoli; B. Mazin; C. Ballester edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A Computational Model for Amodal Completion Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision Abbreviated Journal JMIV  
  Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 511–534  
  Keywords (down) Perception; visual completion; disocclusion; Bayesian model;relatability; Euler elastica  
  Abstract This paper presents a computational model to recover the most likely interpretation
of the 3D scene structure from a planar image, where some objects may occlude others. The estimated scene interpretation is obtained by integrating some global and local cues and provides both the complete disoccluded objects that form the scene and their ordering according to depth.
Our method first computes several distal scenes which are compatible with the proximal planar image. To compute these different hypothesized scenes, we propose a perceptually inspired object disocclusion method, which works by minimizing the Euler's elastica as well as by incorporating the relatability of partially occluded contours and the convexity of the disoccluded objects. Then, to estimate the preferred scene we rely on a Bayesian model and define probabilities taking into account the global complexity of the objects in the hypothesized scenes as well as the effort of bringing these objects in their relative position in the planar image, which is also measured by an Euler's elastica-based quantity. The model is illustrated with numerical experiments on, both, synthetic and real images showing the ability of our model to reconstruct the occluded objects and the preferred perceptual order among them. We also present results on images of the Berkeley dataset with provided figure-ground ground-truth labeling.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB; 601.235 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OHD2016b Serial 2745  
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Author Javier Marin; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Jaume Amores; Ludmila I. Kuncheva edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Occlusion handling via random subspace classifiers for human detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Part B) Abbreviated Journal TSMCB  
  Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 342-354  
  Keywords (down) Pedestriand Detection; occlusion handling  
  Abstract This paper describes a general method to address partial occlusions for human detection in still images. The Random Subspace Method (RSM) is chosen for building a classifier ensemble robust against partial occlusions. The component classifiers are chosen on the basis of their individual and combined performance. The main contribution of this work lies in our approach’s capability to improve the detection rate when partial occlusions are present without compromising the detection performance on non occluded data. In contrast to many recent approaches, we propose a method which does not require manual labelling of body parts, defining any semantic spatial components, or using additional data coming from motion or stereo. Moreover, the method can be easily extended to other object classes. The experiments are performed on three large datasets: the INRIA person dataset, the Daimler Multicue dataset, and a new challenging dataset, called PobleSec, in which a considerable number of targets are partially occluded. The different approaches are evaluated at the classification and detection levels for both partially occluded and non-occluded data. The experimental results show that our detector outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in the presence of partial occlusions, while offering performance and reliability similar to those of the holistic approach on non-occluded data. The datasets used in our experiments have been made publicly available for benchmarking purposes  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2168-2267 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 605.203; 600.057; 600.054; 601.042; 601.187; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ MVL2014 Serial 2213  
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Author Zhijie Fang; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title On-Board Detection of Pedestrian Intentions Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 2193  
  Keywords (down) pedestrian intention; ADAS; self-driving  
  Abstract Avoiding vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes is a critical requirement for nowadays advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) and future self-driving vehicles. Accordingly, detecting pedestrians from raw sensor data has a history of more than 15 years of research, with vision playing a central role.
During the last years, deep learning has boosted the accuracy of image-based pedestrian detectors.
However, detection is just the first step towards answering the core question, namely is the vehicle going to crash with a pedestrian provided preventive actions are not taken? Therefore, knowing as soon as possible if a detected pedestrian has the intention of crossing the road ahead of the vehicle is
essential for performing safe and comfortable maneuvers that prevent a crash. However, compared to pedestrian detection, there is relatively little literature on detecting pedestrian intentions. This paper aims to contribute along this line by presenting a new vision-based approach which analyzes the
pose of a pedestrian along several frames to determine if he or she is going to enter the road or not. We present experiments showing 750 ms of anticipation for pedestrians crossing the road, which at a typical urban driving speed of 50 km/h can provide 15 additional meters (compared to a pure pedestrian detector) for vehicle automatic reactions or to warn the driver. Moreover, in contrast with state-of-the-art methods, our approach is monocular, neither requiring stereo nor optical flow information.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; 601.223; 600.116; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FVL2017 Serial 2983  
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Author Alejandro Gonzalez Alzate; Zhijie Fang; Yainuvis Socarras; Joan Serrat; David Vazquez; Jiaolong Xu; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Pedestrian Detection at Day/Night Time with Visible and FIR Cameras: A Comparison Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 16 Issue 6 Pages 820  
  Keywords (down) Pedestrian Detection; FIR  
  Abstract Despite all the significant advances in pedestrian detection brought by computer vision for driving assistance, it is still a challenging problem. One reason is the extremely varying lighting conditions under which such a detector should operate, namely day and night time. Recent research has shown that the combination of visible and non-visible imaging modalities may increase detection accuracy, where the infrared spectrum plays a critical role. The goal of this paper is to assess the accuracy gain of different pedestrian models (holistic, part-based, patch-based) when training with images in the far infrared spectrum. Specifically, we want to compare detection accuracy on test images recorded at day and nighttime if trained (and tested) using (a) plain color images, (b) just infrared images and (c) both of them. In order to obtain results for the last item we propose an early fusion approach to combine features from both modalities. We base the evaluation on a new dataset we have built for this purpose as well as on the publicly available KAIST multispectral dataset.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1424-8220 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; 600.082; 601.281 Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ GFS2016 Serial 2754  
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Author David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title 2D-3D based on-board pedestrian detection system Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Computer Vision and Image Understanding Abbreviated Journal CVIU  
  Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages 583–595  
  Keywords (down) Pedestrian detection; Advanced Driver Assistance Systems; Horizon line; Haar wavelets; Edge orientation histograms  
  Abstract During the next decade, on-board pedestrian detection systems will play a key role in the challenge of increasing traffic safety. The main target of these systems, to detect pedestrians in urban scenarios, implies overcoming difficulties like processing outdoor scenes from a mobile platform and searching for aspect-changing objects in cluttered environments. This makes such systems combine techniques in the state-of-the-art Computer Vision. In this paper we present a three module system based on both 2D and 3D cues. The first module uses 3D information to estimate the road plane parameters and thus select a coherent set of regions of interest (ROIs) to be further analyzed. The second module uses Real AdaBoost and a combined set of Haar wavelets and edge orientation histograms to classify the incoming ROIs as pedestrian or non-pedestrian. The final module loops again with the 3D cue in order to verify the classified ROIs and with the 2D in order to refine the final results. According to the results, the integration of the proposed techniques gives rise to a promising system.  
  Address Computer Vision and Image Understanding (Special Issue on Intelligent Vision Systems), Vol. 114(5):583-595  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1077-3142 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ GSP2010 Serial 1341  
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Author Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados; Thierry Brouard edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Fuzzy Multilevel Graph Embedding Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 551-565  
  Keywords (down) Pattern recognition; Graphics recognition; Graph clustering; Graph classification; Explicit graph embedding; Fuzzy logic  
  Abstract Structural pattern recognition approaches offer the most expressive, convenient, powerful but computational expensive representations of underlying relational information. To benefit from mature, less expensive and efficient state-of-the-art machine learning models of statistical pattern recognition they must be mapped to a low-dimensional vector space. Our method of explicit graph embedding bridges the gap between structural and statistical pattern recognition. We extract the topological, structural and attribute information from a graph and encode numeric details by fuzzy histograms and symbolic details by crisp histograms. The histograms are concatenated to achieve a simple and straightforward embedding of graph into a low-dimensional numeric feature vector. Experimentation on standard public graph datasets shows that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods of graph embedding for richly attributed graphs.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-3203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.042; 600.045; 605.203 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LRL2013a Serial 2270  
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Author Mariella Dimiccoli; Jean-Pascal Jacob; Lionel Moisan edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Particle detection and tracking in fluorescence time-lapse imaging: a contrario approach Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of Machine Vision and Applications Abbreviated Journal MVAP  
  Volume 27 Issue Pages 511-527  
  Keywords (down) particle detection; particle tracking; a-contrario approach; time-lapse fluorescence imaging  
  Abstract In this work, we propose a probabilistic approach for the detection and the
tracking of particles on biological images. In presence of very noised and poor
quality data, particles and trajectories can be characterized by an a-contrario
model, that estimates the probability of observing the structures of interest
in random data. This approach, first introduced in the modeling of human visual
perception and then successfully applied in many image processing tasks, leads
to algorithms that do not require a previous learning stage, nor a tedious
parameter tuning and are very robust to noise. Comparative evaluations against
a well established baseline show that the proposed approach outperforms the
state of the art.
 
  Address  
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  Notes MILAB; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DJM2016 Serial 2735  
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Author Mariella Dimiccoli; Benoît Girard; Alain Berthoz; Daniel Bennequin edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Striola Magica: a functional explanation of otolith organs Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of Computational Neuroscience Abbreviated Journal JCN  
  Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 125-154  
  Keywords (down) Otolith organs ;Striola; Vestibular pathway  
  Abstract Otolith end organs of vertebrates sense linear accelerations of the head and gravitation. The hair cells on their epithelia are responsible for transduction. In mammals, the striola, parallel to the line where hair cells reverse their polarization, is a narrow region centered on a curve with curvature and torsion. It has been shown that the striolar region is functionally different from the rest, being involved in a phasic vestibular pathway. We propose a mathematical and computational model that explains the necessity of this amazing geometry for the striola to be able to carry out its function. Our hypothesis, related to the biophysics of the hair cells and to the physiology of their afferent neurons, is that striolar afferents collect information from several type I hair cells to detect the jerk in a large domain of acceleration directions. This predicts a mean number of two calyces for afferent neurons, as measured in rodents. The domain of acceleration directions sensed by our striolar model is compatible with the experimental results obtained on monkeys considering all afferents. Therefore, the main result of our study is that phasic and tonic vestibular afferents cover the same geometrical fields, but at different dynamical and frequency domains.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer US Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1573-6873. 2013 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @DBG2013 Serial 2787  
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Author Katerine Diaz; Jesus Martinez del Rincon; Marçal Rusiñol; Aura Hernandez-Sabate edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Feature Extraction by Using Dual-Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision Abbreviated Journal JMIV  
  Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 331-351  
  Keywords (down) Online feature extraction; Generalized discriminative common vectors; Dual learning; Incremental learning; Decremental learning  
  Abstract In this paper, a dual online subspace-based learning method called dual-generalized discriminative common vectors (Dual-GDCV) is presented. The method extends incremental GDCV by exploiting simultaneously both the concepts of incremental and decremental learning for supervised feature extraction and classification. Our methodology is able to update the feature representation space without recalculating the full projection or accessing the previously processed training data. It allows both adding information and removing unnecessary data from a knowledge base in an efficient way, while retaining the previously acquired knowledge. The proposed method has been theoretically proved and empirically validated in six standard face recognition and classification datasets, under two scenarios: (1) removing and adding samples of existent classes, and (2) removing and adding new classes to a classification problem. Results show a considerable computational gain without compromising the accuracy of the model in comparison with both batch methodologies and other state-of-art adaptive methods.  
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  Notes DAG; ADAS; 600.084; 600.118; 600.121; 600.129 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DRR2019 Serial 3172  
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Author Kai Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title ACAE-REMIND for online continual learning with compressed feature replay Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume 150 Issue Pages 122-129  
  Keywords (down) online continual learning; autoencoders; vector quantization  
  Abstract Online continual learning aims to learn from a non-IID stream of data from a number of different tasks, where the learner is only allowed to consider data once. Methods are typically allowed to use a limited buffer to store some of the images in the stream. Recently, it was found that feature replay, where an intermediate layer representation of the image is stored (or generated) leads to superior results than image replay, while requiring less memory. Quantized exemplars can further reduce the memory usage. However, a drawback of these methods is that they use a fixed (or very intransigent) backbone network. This significantly limits the learning of representations that can discriminate between all tasks. To address this problem, we propose an auxiliary classifier auto-encoder (ACAE) module for feature replay at intermediate layers with high compression rates. The reduced memory footprint per image allows us to save more exemplars for replay. In our experiments, we conduct task-agnostic evaluation under online continual learning setting and get state-of-the-art performance on ImageNet-Subset, CIFAR100 and CIFAR10 dataset.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.147; 601.379; 600.120; 600.141 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WWH2021 Serial 3575  
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