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	Author	Sangheeta Roy; Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Namita Jain; Vijeta Khare; Anjan Dutta; Umapada Pal; Tong Lu
	Title	Rough-Fuzzy based Scene Categorization for Text Detection and Recognition in Video			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	PR
	Volume	80	Issue		Pages	64-82
	Keywords	Rough set; Fuzzy set; Video categorization; Scene image classification; Video text detection; Video text recognition
	Abstract	Scene image or video understanding is a challenging task especially when number of video types increases drastically with high variations in background and foreground. This paper proposes a new method for categorizing scene videos into different classes, namely, Animation, Outlet, Sports, e-Learning, Medical, Weather, Defense, Economics, Animal Planet and Technology, for the performance improvement of text detection and recognition, which is an effective approach for scene image or video understanding. For this purpose, at first, we present a new combination of rough and fuzzy concept to study irregular shapes of edge components in input scene videos, which helps to classify edge components into several groups. Next, the proposed method explores gradient direction information of each pixel in each edge component group to extract stroke based features by dividing each group into several intra and inter planes. We further extract correlation and covariance features to encode semantic features located inside planes or between planes. Features of intra and inter planes of groups are then concatenated to get a feature matrix. Finally, the feature matrix is verified with temporal frames and fed to a neural network for categorization. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods, at the same time, the performances of text detection and recognition methods are also improved significantly due to categorization.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.097; 600.121			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RSJ2018			Serial	3096
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	Author	Estefania Talavera; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva
	Title	Unsupervised Routine Discovery in Egocentric Photo-Streams			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2019	Publication	18th International Conference on Computer Analysis of Images and Patterns	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11678	Issue		Pages	576-588
	Keywords	Routine discovery; Lifestyle; Egocentric vision; Behaviour analysis
	Abstract	The routine of a person is defined by the occurrence of activities throughout different days, and can directly affect the person’s health. In this work, we address the recognition of routine related days. To do so, we rely on egocentric images, which are recorded by a wearable camera and allow to monitor the life of the user from a first-person view perspective. We propose an unsupervised model that identifies routine related days, following an outlier detection approach. We test the proposed framework over a total of 72 days in the form of photo-streams covering around 2 weeks of the life of 5 different camera wearers. Our model achieves an average of 76% Accuracy and 68% Weighted F-Score for all the users. Thus, we show that our framework is able to recognise routine related days and opens the door to the understanding of the behaviour of people.
	Address	Salermo; Italy; September 2019
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CAIP
	Notes	MILAB; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TPR2019a			Serial	3367
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	Author	Estefania Talavera; Carolin Wuerich; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva
	Title	Topic modelling for routine discovery from egocentric photo-streams			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	PR
	Volume	104	Issue		Pages	107330
	Keywords	Routine; Egocentric vision; Lifestyle; Behaviour analysis; Topic modelling
	Abstract	Developing tools to understand and visualize lifestyle is of high interest when addressing the improvement of habits and well-being of people. Routine, defined as the usual things that a person does daily, helps describe the individuals’ lifestyle. With this paper, we are the first ones to address the development of novel tools for automatic discovery of routine days of an individual from his/her egocentric images. In the proposed model, sequences of images are firstly characterized by semantic labels detected by pre-trained CNNs. Then, these features are organized in temporal-semantic documents to later be embedded into a topic models space. Finally, Dynamic-Time-Warping and Spectral-Clustering methods are used for final day routine/non-routine discrimination. Moreover, we introduce a new EgoRoutine-dataset, a collection of 104 egocentric days with more than 100.000 images recorded by 7 users. Results show that routine can be discovered and behavioural patterns can be observed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TWP2020			Serial	3435
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	Author	Carola Figueroa Flores; David Berga; Joost Van de Weijer; Bogdan Raducanu
	Title	Saliency for free: Saliency prediction as a side-effect of object recognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Pattern Recognition Letters	Abbreviated Journal	PRL
	Volume	150	Issue		Pages	1-7
	Keywords	Saliency maps; Unsupervised learning; Object recognition
	Abstract	Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects instead of the background. So far, computational methods for saliency estimation required the explicit generation of a saliency map, process which is usually achieved via eyetracking experiments on still images. This is a tedious process that needs to be repeated for each new dataset. In the current paper, we demonstrate that is possible to automatically generate saliency maps without ground-truth. In our approach, saliency maps are learned as a side effect of object recognition. Extensive experiments carried out on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrated that our approach is able to generate accurate saliency maps, achieving competitive results when compared with supervised methods.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	LAMP; 600.147; 600.120			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FBW2021			Serial	3559
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	Author	Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa; P. Dias; A. Moreira
	Title	Incremental texture mapping for autonomous driving			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Robotics and Autonomous Systems	Abbreviated Journal	RAS
	Volume	84	Issue		Pages	113-128
	Keywords	Scene reconstruction; Autonomous driving; Texture mapping
	Abstract	Autonomous vehicles have a large number of on-board sensors, not only for providing coverage all around the vehicle, but also to ensure multi-modality in the observation of the scene. Because of this, it is not trivial to come up with a single, unique representation that feeds from the data given by all these sensors. We propose an algorithm which is capable of mapping texture collected from vision based sensors onto a geometric description of the scenario constructed from data provided by 3D sensors. The algorithm uses a constrained Delaunay triangulation to produce a mesh which is updated using a specially devised sequence of operations. These enforce a partial configuration of the mesh that avoids bad quality textures and ensures that there are no gaps in the texture. Results show that this algorithm is capable of producing fine quality textures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS; 600.086			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ OSS2016b			Serial	2912
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	Author	Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa; P. Dias
	Title	Scene Representations for Autonomous Driving: an approach based on polygonal primitives			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2015	Publication	2nd Iberian Robotics Conference ROBOT2015	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	417	Issue		Pages	503-515
	Keywords	Scene reconstruction; Point cloud; Autonomous vehicles
	Abstract	In this paper, we present a novel methodology to compute a 3D scene representation. The algorithm uses macro scale polygonal primitives to model the scene. This means that the representation of the scene is given as a list of large scale polygons that describe the geometric structure of the environment. Results show that the approach is capable of producing accurate descriptions of the scene. In addition, the algorithm is very efficient when compared to other techniques.
	Address	Lisboa; Portugal; November 2015
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ROBOT
	Notes	ADAS; 600.076; 600.086			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ OSS2015a			Serial	2662
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	Author	Sergi Garcia Bordils; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Marçal Rusiñol
	Title	Accelerating Transformer-Based Scene Text Detection and Recognition via Token Pruning			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	17th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14192	Issue		Pages	106-121
	Keywords	Scene Text Detection; Scene Text Recognition; Transformer Acceleration
	Abstract	Scene text detection and recognition is a crucial task in computer vision with numerous real-world applications. Transformer-based approaches are behind all current state-of-the-art models and have achieved excellent performance. However, the computational requirements of the transformer architecture makes training these methods slow and resource heavy. In this paper, we introduce a new token pruning strategy that significantly decreases training and inference times without sacrificing performance, striking a balance between accuracy and speed. We have applied this pruning technique to our own end-to-end transformer-based scene text understanding architecture. Our method uses a separate detection branch to guide the pruning of uninformative image features, which significantly reduces the number of tokens at the input of the transformer. Experimental results show how our network is able to obtain competitive results on multiple public benchmarks while running at significantly higher speeds.
	Address	San Jose; CA; USA; August 2023
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GKR2023a			Serial	3907
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	Author	Y. Patel; Lluis Gomez; Marçal Rusiñol; Dimosthenis Karatzas
	Title	Dynamic Lexicon Generation for Natural Scene Images			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2016	Publication	14th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	395-410
	Keywords	scene text; photo OCR; scene understanding; lexicon generation; topic modeling; CNN
	Abstract	Many scene text understanding methods approach the endtoend recognition problem from a word-spotting perspective and take huge benet from using small per-image lexicons. Such customized lexicons are normally assumed as given and their source is rarely discussed. In this paper we propose a method that generates contextualized lexicons for scene images using only visual information. For this, we exploit the correlation between visual and textual information in a dataset consisting of images and textual content associated with them. Using the topic modeling framework to discover a set of latent topics in such a dataset allows us to re-rank a xed dictionary in a way that prioritizes the words that are more likely to appear in a given image. Moreover, we train a CNN that is able to reproduce those word rankings but using only the image raw pixels as input. We demonstrate that the quality of the automatically obtained custom lexicons is superior to a generic frequency-based baseline.
	Address	Amsterdam; The Netherlands; October 2016
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	DAG; 600.084			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ PGR2016			Serial	2825
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	Author	Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas
	Title	A fast hierarchical method for multi‐script and arbitrary oriented scene text extraction			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	IJDAR
	Volume	19	Issue	4	Pages	335-349
	Keywords	scene text; segmentation; detection; hierarchical grouping; perceptual organisation
	Abstract	Typography and layout lead to the hierarchical organisation of text in words, text lines, paragraphs. This inherent structure is a key property of text in any script and language, which has nonetheless been minimally leveraged by existing text detection methods. This paper addresses the problem of text segmentation in natural scenes from a hierarchical perspective. Contrary to existing methods, we make explicit use of text structure, aiming directly to the detection of region groupings corresponding to text within a hierarchy produced by an agglomerative similarity clustering process over individual regions. We propose an optimal way to construct such an hierarchy introducing a feature space designed to produce text group hypotheses with high recall and a novel stopping rule combining a discriminative classifier and a probabilistic measure of group meaningfulness based in perceptual organization. Results obtained over four standard datasets, covering text in variable orientations and different languages, demonstrate that our algorithm, while being trained in a single mixed dataset, outperforms state of the art methods in unconstrained scenarios.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.056; 601.197			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GoK2016a			Serial	2862
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	Author	Josep Brugues Pujolras; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas
	Title	A Multilingual Approach to Scene Text Visual Question Answering			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2022	Publication	Document Analysis Systems.15th IAPR International Workshop, (DAS2022)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	65-79
	Keywords	Scene text; Visual question answering; Multilingual word embeddings; Vision and language; Deep learning
	Abstract	Scene Text Visual Question Answering (ST-VQA) has recently emerged as a hot research topic in Computer Vision. Current ST-VQA models have a big potential for many types of applications but lack the ability to perform well on more than one language at a time due to the lack of multilingual data, as well as the use of monolingual word embeddings for training. In this work, we explore the possibility to obtain bilingual and multilingual VQA models. In that regard, we use an already established VQA model that uses monolingual word embeddings as part of its pipeline and substitute them by FastText and BPEmb multilingual word embeddings that have been aligned to English. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible to obtain bilingual and multilingual VQA models with a minimal loss in performance in languages not used during training, as well as a multilingual model trained in multiple languages that match the performance of the respective monolingual baselines.
	Address	La Rochelle, France; May 22–25, 2022
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	DAS
	Notes	DAG; 611.004; 600.155; 601.002			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BGK2022b			Serial	3695
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	Author	Lasse Martensson; Ekta Vats; Anders Hast; Alicia Fornes
	Title	In Search of the Scribe: Letter Spotting as a Tool for Identifying Scribes in Large Handwritten Text Corpora			Type	Journal
	Year	2019	Publication	Journal for Information Technology Studies as a Human Science	Abbreviated Journal	HUMAN IT
	Volume	14	Issue	2	Pages	95-120
	Keywords	Scribal attribution/ writer identification; digital palaeography; word spotting; mediaeval charters; mediaeval manuscripts
	Abstract	In this article, a form of the so-called word spotting-method is used on a large set of handwritten documents in order to identify those that contain script of similar execution. The point of departure for the investigation is the mediaeval Swedish manuscript Cod. Holm. D 3. The main scribe of this manuscript has yet not been identified in other documents. The current attempt aims at localising other documents that display a large degree of similarity in the characteristics of the script, these being possible candidates for being executed by the same hand. For this purpose, the method of word spotting has been employed, focusing on individual letters, and therefore the process is referred to as letter spotting in the article. In this process, a set of ‘g’:s, ‘h’:s and ‘k’:s have been selected as templates, and then a search has been made for close matches among the mediaeval Swedish charters. The search resulted in a number of charters that displayed great similarities with the manuscript D 3. The used letter spotting method thus proofed to be a very efficient sorting tool localising similar script samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.097; 600.140; 600.121			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MVH2019			Serial	3234
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	Author	Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados
	Title	Document Seal Detection Using Ght and Character Proximity Graphs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	PR
	Volume	44	Issue	6	Pages	1282-1295
	Keywords	Seal recognition; Graphical symbol spotting; Generalized Hough transform; Multi-oriented character recognition
	Abstract	This paper deals with automatic detection of seal (stamp) from documents with cluttered background. Seal detection involves a difficult challenge due to its multi-oriented nature, arbitrary shape, overlapping of its part with signature, noise, etc. Here, a seal object is characterized by scale and rotation invariant spatial feature descriptors computed from recognition result of individual connected components (characters). Scale and rotation invariant features are used in a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier to recognize multi-scale and multi-oriented text characters. The concept of generalized Hough transform (GHT) is used to detect the seal and a voting scheme is designed for finding possible location of the seal in a document based on the spatial feature descriptor of neighboring component pairs. The peak of votes in GHT accumulator validates the hypothesis to locate the seal in a document. Experiment is performed in an archive of historical documents of handwritten/printed English text. Experimental results show that the method is robust in locating seal instances of arbitrary shape and orientation in documents, and also efficient in indexing a collection of documents for retrieval purposes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RPL2011			Serial	1820
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	Author	Antonio Hernandez; Miguel Reyes; Victor Ponce; Sergio Escalera
	Title	GrabCut-Based Human Segmentation in Video Sequences			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	12	Issue	11	Pages	15376-15393
	Keywords	segmentation; human pose recovery; GrabCut; GraphCut; Active Appearance Models; Conditional Random Field
	Abstract	In this paper, we present a fully-automatic Spatio-Temporal GrabCut human segmentation methodology that combines tracking and segmentation. GrabCut initialization is performed by a HOG-based subject detection, face detection, and skin color model. Spatial information is included by Mean Shift clustering whereas temporal coherence is considered by the historical of Gaussian Mixture Models. Moreover, full face and pose recovery is obtained by combining human segmentation with Active Appearance Models and Conditional Random Fields. Results over public datasets and in a new Human Limb dataset show a robust segmentation and recovery of both face and pose using the presented methodology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HuPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ HRP2012			Serial	2147
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	Author	Yainuvis Socarras; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; David Geronimo; Theo Gevers
	Title	Improving HOG with Image Segmentation: Application to Human Detection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	11th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7517	Issue		Pages	178-189
	Keywords	Segmentation; Pedestrian Detection
	Abstract	In this paper we improve the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), a core descriptor of state-of-the-art object detection, by the use of higher-level information coming from image segmentation. The idea is to re-weight the descriptor while computing it without increasing its size. The benefits of the proposal are two-fold: (i) to improve the performance of the detector by enriching the descriptor information and (ii) take advantage of the information of image segmentation, which in fact is likely to be used in other stages of the detection system such as candidate generation or refinement. We test our technique in the INRIA person dataset, which was originally developed to test HOG, embedding it in a human detection system. The well-known segmentation method, mean-shift (from smaller to larger super-pixels), and different methods to re-weight the original descriptor (constant, region-luminance, color or texture-dependent) has been evaluated. We achieve performance improvements of 4:47% in detection rate through the use of differences of color between contour pixel neighborhoods as re-weighting function.
	Address	Brno, Czech Republic
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	J. Blanc-Talon et al.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33139-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ACIVS
	Notes	ADAS;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ SLV2012			Serial	1980
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	Author	Raul Gomez; Lluis Gomez; Jaume Gibert; Dimosthenis Karatzas
	Title	Self-Supervised Learning from Web Data for Multimodal Retrieval			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2019	Publication	Multi-Modal Scene Understanding Book	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	279-306
	Keywords	self-supervised learning; webly supervised learning; text embeddings; multimodal retrieval; multimodal embedding
	Abstract	Self-Supervised learning from multimodal image and text data allows deep neural networks to learn powerful features with no need of human annotated data. Web and Social Media platforms provide a virtually unlimited amount of this multimodal data. In this work we propose to exploit this free available data to learn a multimodal image and text embedding, aiming to leverage the semantic knowledge learnt in the text domain and transfer it to a visual model for semantic image retrieval. We demonstrate that the proposed pipeline can learn from images with associated text without supervision and analyze the semantic structure of the learnt joint image and text embeddingspace. Weperformathoroughanalysisandperformancecomparisonofﬁvedifferentstateof the art text embeddings in three different benchmarks. We show that the embeddings learnt with Web and Social Media data have competitive performances over supervised methods in the text basedimageretrievaltask,andweclearlyoutperformstateoftheartintheMIRFlickrdatasetwhen training in the target data. Further, we demonstrate how semantic multimodal image retrieval can be performed using the learnt embeddings, going beyond classical instance-level retrieval problems. Finally, we present a new dataset, InstaCities1M, composed by Instagram images and their associated texts that can be used for fair comparison of image-text embeddings.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.129; 601.338; 601.310			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GGG2019			Serial	3266
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