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Author Koen E.A. van de Sande; Theo Gevers; C.G.M. Snoek edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Evaluating Color Descriptors for Object and Scene Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 32 Issue 9 Pages 1582 - 1596  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Impact factor: 5.308
Image category recognition is important to access visual information on the level of objects and scene types. So far, intensity-based descriptors have been widely used for feature extraction at salient points. To increase illumination invariance and discriminative power, color descriptors have been proposed. Because many different descriptors exist, a structured overview is required of color invariant descriptors in the context of image category recognition. Therefore, this paper studies the invariance properties and the distinctiveness of color descriptors (software to compute the color descriptors from this paper is available from http://www.colordescriptors.com) in a structured way. The analytical invariance properties of color descriptors are explored, using a taxonomy based on invariance properties with respect to photometric transformations, and tested experimentally using a data set with known illumination conditions. In addition, the distinctiveness of color descriptors is assessed experimentally using two benchmarks, one from the image domain and one from the video domain. From the theoretical and experimental results, it can be derived that invariance to light intensity changes and light color changes affects category recognition. The results further reveal that, for light intensity shifts, the usefulness of invariance is category-specific. Overall, when choosing a single descriptor and no prior knowledge about the data set and object and scene categories is available, the OpponentSIFT is recommended. Furthermore, a combined set of color descriptors outperforms intensity-based SIFT and improves category recognition by 8 percent on the PASCAL VOC 2007 and by 7 percent on the Mediamill Challenge.
 
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  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SGS2010 Serial 1846  
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Author R. Valenti; Theo Gevers edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Accurate Eye Center Location through Invariant Isocentric Patterns Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 34 Issue 9 Pages 1785-1798  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Impact factor 2010: 5.308
Impact factor 2011/12?: 5.96
Locating the center of the eyes allows for valuable information to be captured and used in a wide range of applications. Accurate eye center location can be determined using commercial eye-gaze trackers, but additional constraints and expensive hardware make these existing solutions unattractive and impossible to use on standard (i.e., visible wavelength), low-resolution images of eyes. Systems based solely on appearance are proposed in the literature, but their accuracy does not allow us to accurately locate and distinguish eye centers movements in these low-resolution settings. Our aim is to bridge this gap by locating the center of the eye within the area of the pupil on low-resolution images taken from a webcam or a similar device. The proposed method makes use of isophote properties to gain invariance to linear lighting changes (contrast and brightness), to achieve in-plane rotational invariance, and to keep low-computational costs. To further gain scale invariance, the approach is applied to a scale space pyramid. In this paper, we extensively test our approach for its robustness to changes in illumination, head pose, scale, occlusion, and eye rotation. We demonstrate that our system can achieve a significant improvement in accuracy over state-of-the-art techniques for eye center location in standard low-resolution imagery.
 
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VaG 2012a Serial 1849  
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Author Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Improving Color Constancy by Photometric Edge Weighting Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 34 Issue 5 Pages 918-929  
  Keywords  
  Abstract : Edge-based color constancy methods make use of image derivatives to estimate the illuminant. However, different edge types exist in real-world images such as material, shadow and highlight edges. These different edge types may have a distinctive influence on the performance of the illuminant estimation. Therefore, in this paper, an extensive analysis is provided of different edge types on the performance of edge-based color constancy methods. First, an edge-based taxonomy is presented classifying edge types based on their photometric properties (e.g. material, shadow-geometry and highlights). Then, a performance evaluation of edge-based color constancy is provided using these different edge types. From this performance evaluation it is derived that specular and shadow edge types are more valuable than material edges for the estimation of the illuminant. To this end, the (iterative) weighted Grey-Edge algorithm is proposed in which these edge types are more emphasized for the estimation of the illuminant. Images that are recorded under controlled circumstances demonstrate that the proposed iterative weighted Grey-Edge algorithm based on highlights reduces the median angular error with approximately $25\%$. In an uncontrolled environment, improvements in angular error up to $11\%$ are obtained with respect to regular edge-based color constancy.  
  Address Los Alamitos; CA; USA;  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GGW2012 Serial 1850  
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Author David Vazquez; Javier Marin; Antonio Lopez; Daniel Ponsa; David Geronimo edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Virtual and Real World Adaptation for Pedestrian Detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 797-809  
  Keywords Domain Adaptation; Pedestrian Detection  
  Abstract Pedestrian detection is of paramount interest for many applications. Most promising detectors rely on discriminatively learnt classifiers, i.e., trained with annotated samples. However, the annotation step is a human intensive and subjective task worth to be minimized. By using virtual worlds we can automatically obtain precise and rich annotations. Thus, we face the question: can a pedestrian appearance model learnt in realistic virtual worlds work successfully for pedestrian detection in realworld images?. Conducted experiments show that virtual-world based training can provide excellent testing accuracy in real world, but it can also suffer the dataset shift problem as real-world based training does. Accordingly, we have designed a domain adaptation framework, V-AYLA, in which we have tested different techniques to collect a few pedestrian samples from the target domain (real world) and combine them with the many examples of the source domain (virtual world) in order to train a domain adapted pedestrian classifier that will operate in the target domain. V-AYLA reports the same detection accuracy than when training with many human-provided pedestrian annotations and testing with real-world images of the same domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work demonstrating adaptation of virtual and real worlds for developing an object detector.  
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  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.057; 600.054; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ VML2014 Serial 2275  
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Author Naila Murray; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu; C. Alejandro Parraga edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Low-level SpatioChromatic Grouping for Saliency Estimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 35 Issue 11 Pages 2810-2816  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We propose a saliency model termed SIM (saliency by induction mechanisms), which is based on a low-level spatiochromatic model that has successfully predicted chromatic induction phenomena. In so doing, we hypothesize that the low-level visual mechanisms that enhance or suppress image detail are also responsible for making some image regions more salient. Moreover, SIM adds geometrical grouplets to enhance complex low-level features such as corners, and suppress relatively simpler features such as edges. Since our model has been fitted on psychophysical chromatic induction data, it is largely nonparametric. SIM outperforms state-of-the-art methods in predicting eye fixations on two datasets and using two metrics.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC; 600.051; 600.052; 605.203 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MVO2013 Serial 2289  
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Author Yunchao Gong; Svetlana Lazebnik; Albert Gordo; Florent Perronnin edit   pdf
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Iterative quantization: A procrustean approach to learning binary codes for Large-Scale Image Retrieval Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 35 Issue 12 Pages 2916-2929  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper addresses the problem of learning similarity-preserving binary codes for efficient similarity search in large-scale image collections. We formulate this problem in terms of finding a rotation of zero-centered data so as to minimize the quantization error of mapping this data to the vertices of a zero-centered binary hypercube, and propose a simple and efficient alternating minimization algorithm to accomplish this task. This algorithm, dubbed iterative quantization (ITQ), has connections to multi-class spectral clustering and to the orthogonal Procrustes problem, and it can be used both with unsupervised data embeddings such as PCA and supervised embeddings such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The resulting binary codes significantly outperform several other state-of-the-art methods. We also show that further performance improvements can result from transforming the data with a nonlinear kernel mapping prior to PCA or CCA. Finally, we demonstrate an application of ITQ to learning binary attributes or “classemes” on the ImageNet dataset.  
  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN 978-1-4577-0394-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GLG 2012b Serial 2008  
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Author Carlo Gatta; Francesco Ciompi edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Stacked Sequential Scale-Space Taylor Context Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 36 Issue 8 Pages 1694-1700  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We analyze sequential image labeling methods that sample the posterior label field in order to gather contextual information. We propose an effective method that extracts local Taylor coefficients from the posterior at different scales. Results show that our proposal outperforms state-of-the-art methods on MSRC-21, CAMVID, eTRIMS8 and KAIST2 data sets.  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; MILAB; 601.160; 600.079 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GaC2014 Serial 2466  
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Author Jon Almazan; Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Word Spotting and Recognition with Embedded Attributes Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 36 Issue 12 Pages 2552 - 2566  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This article addresses the problems of word spotting and word recognition on images. In word spotting, the goal is to find all instances of a query word in a dataset of images. In recognition, the goal is to recognize the content of the word image, usually aided by a dictionary or lexicon. We describe an approach in which both word images and text strings are embedded in a common vectorial subspace. This is achieved by a combination of label embedding and attributes learning, and a common subspace regression. In this subspace, images and strings that represent the same word are close together, allowing one to cast recognition and retrieval tasks as a nearest neighbor problem. Contrary to most other existing methods, our representation has a fixed length, is low dimensional, and is very fast to compute and, especially, to compare. We test our approach on four public datasets of both handwritten documents and natural images showing results comparable or better than the state-of-the-art on spotting and recognition tasks.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.056; 600.045; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AGF2014a Serial 2483  
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Author Lorenzo Seidenari; Giuseppe Serra; Andrew Bagdanov; Alberto del Bimbo edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Local pyramidal descriptors for image recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 36 Issue 5 Pages 1033 - 1040  
  Keywords Object categorization; local features; kernel methods  
  Abstract In this paper we present a novel method to improve the flexibility of descriptor matching for image recognition by using local multiresolution
pyramids in feature space. We propose that image patches be represented at multiple levels of descriptor detail and that these levels be defined in terms of local spatial pooling resolution. Preserving multiple levels of detail in local descriptors is a way of hedging one’s bets on which levels will most relevant for matching during learning and recognition. We introduce the Pyramid SIFT (P-SIFT) descriptor and show that its use in four state-of-the-art image recognition pipelines improves accuracy and yields state-of-the-art results. Our technique is applicable independently of spatial pyramid matching and we show that spatial pyramids can be combined with local pyramids to obtain
further improvement.We achieve state-of-the-art results on Caltech-101
(80.1%) and Caltech-256 (52.6%) when compared to other approaches based on SIFT features over intensity images. Our technique is efficient and is extremely easy to integrate into image recognition pipelines.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.079 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SSB2014 Serial 2524  
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Author G. Lisanti; I. Masi; Andrew Bagdanov; Alberto del Bimbo edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Person Re-identification by Iterative Re-weighted Sparse Ranking Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 1629 - 1642  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this paper we introduce a method for person re-identification based on discriminative, sparse basis expansions of targets in terms of a labeled gallery of known individuals. We propose an iterative extension to sparse discriminative classifiers capable of ranking many candidate targets. The approach makes use of soft- and hard- re-weighting to redistribute energy among the most relevant contributing elements and to ensure that the best candidates are ranked at each iteration. Our approach also leverages a novel visual descriptor which we show to be discriminative while remaining robust to pose and illumination variations. An extensive comparative evaluation is given demonstrating that our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on single- and multi-shot person re-identification scenarios on the VIPeR, i-LIDS, ETHZ, and CAVIAR4REID datasets. The combination of our descriptor and iterative sparse basis expansion improves state-of-the-art rank-1 performance by six percentage points on VIPeR and by 20 on CAVIAR4REID compared to other methods with a single gallery image per person. With multiple gallery and probe images per person our approach improves by 17 percentage points the state-of-the-art on i-LIDS and by 72 on CAVIAR4REID at rank-1. The approach is also quite efficient, capable of single-shot person re-identification over galleries containing hundreds of individuals at about 30 re-identifications per second.  
  Address  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 601.240; 600.079 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ LMB2015 Serial 2557  
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Author Miguel Angel Bautista; Oriol Pujol; Fernando De la Torre; Sergio Escalera edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Error-Correcting Factorization Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 40 Issue Pages 2388-2401  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) is a successful technique in multi-class classification, which is a core problem in Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning. A major advantage of ECOC over other methods is that the multi- class problem is decoupled into a set of binary problems that are solved independently. However, literature defines a general error-correcting capability for ECOCs without analyzing how it distributes among classes, hindering a deeper analysis of pair-wise error-correction. To address these limitations this paper proposes an Error-Correcting Factorization (ECF) method, our contribution is three fold: (I) We propose a novel representation of the error-correction capability, called the design matrix, that enables us to build an ECOC on the basis of allocating correction to pairs of classes. (II) We derive the optimal code length of an ECOC using rank properties of the design matrix. (III) ECF is formulated as a discrete optimization problem, and a relaxed solution is found using an efficient constrained block coordinate descent approach. (IV) Enabled by the flexibility introduced with the design matrix we propose to allocate the error-correction on classes that are prone to confusion. Experimental results in several databases show that when allocating the error-correction to confusable classes ECF outperforms state-of-the-art approaches.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA; no menciona Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BPT2018 Serial 3015  
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Author Naila Murray; Sandra Skaff; Luca Marchesotti; Florent Perronnin edit  url
openurl 
  Title Towards automatic and flexible concept transfer Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Computers and Graphics Abbreviated Journal CG  
  Volume 36 Issue 6 Pages 622–634  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper introduces a novel approach to automatic, yet flexible, image concepttransfer; examples of concepts are “romantic”, “earthy”, and “luscious”. The presented method modifies the color content of an input image given only a concept specified by a user in natural language, thereby requiring minimal user input. This method is particularly useful for users who are aware of the message they wish to convey in the transferred image while being unsure of the color combination needed to achieve the corresponding transfer. Our framework is flexible for two reasons. First, the user may select one of two modalities to map input image chromaticities to target concept chromaticities depending on the level of photo-realism required. Second, the user may adjust the intensity level of the concepttransfer to his/her liking with a single parameter. The proposed method uses a convex clustering algorithm, with a novel pruning mechanism, to automatically set the complexity of models of chromatic content. Results show that our approach yields transferred images which effectively represent concepts as confirmed by a user study.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0097-8493 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MSM2012 Serial 2002  
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Author Oscar Argudo; Marc Comino; Antonio Chica; Carlos Andujar; Felipe Lumbreras edit  url
openurl 
  Title Segmentation of aerial images for plausible detail synthesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Computers & Graphics Abbreviated Journal CG  
  Volume 71 Issue Pages 23-34  
  Keywords Terrain editing; Detail synthesis; Vegetation synthesis; Terrain rendering; Image segmentation  
  Abstract The visual enrichment of digital terrain models with plausible synthetic detail requires the segmentation of aerial images into a suitable collection of categories. In this paper we present a complete pipeline for segmenting high-resolution aerial images into a user-defined set of categories distinguishing e.g. terrain, sand, snow, water, and different types of vegetation. This segmentation-for-synthesis problem implies that per-pixel categories must be established according to the algorithms chosen for rendering the synthetic detail. This precludes the definition of a universal set of labels and hinders the construction of large training sets. Since artists might choose to add new categories on the fly, the whole pipeline must be robust against unbalanced datasets, and fast on both training and inference. Under these constraints, we analyze the contribution of common per-pixel descriptors, and compare the performance of state-of-the-art supervised learning algorithms. We report the findings of two user studies. The first one was conducted to analyze human accuracy when manually labeling aerial images. The second user study compares detailed terrains built using different segmentation strategies, including official land cover maps. These studies demonstrate that our approach can be used to turn digital elevation models into fully-featured, detailed terrains with minimal authoring efforts.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0097-8493 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MSIAU; 600.086; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ACC2018 Serial 3147  
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Author Jose Antonio Rodriguez; Florent Perronnin edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Handwritten word-spotting using hidden Markov models and universal vocabularies Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 42 Issue 9 Pages 2103-2116  
  Keywords Word-spotting; Hidden Markov model; Score normalization; Universal vocabulary; Handwriting recognition  
  Abstract Handwritten word-spotting is traditionally viewed as an image matching task between one or multiple query word-images and a set of candidate word-images in a database. This is a typical instance of the query-by-example paradigm. In this article, we introduce a statistical framework for the word-spotting problem which employs hidden Markov models (HMMs) to model keywords and a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for score normalization. We explore the use of two types of HMMs for the word modeling part: continuous HMMs (C-HMMs) and semi-continuous HMMs (SC-HMMs), i.e. HMMs with a shared set of Gaussians. We show on a challenging multi-writer corpus that the proposed statistical framework is always superior to a traditional matching system which uses dynamic time warping (DTW) for word-image distance computation. A very important finding is that the SC-HMM is superior when labeled training data is scarce—as low as one sample per keyword—thanks to the prior information which can be incorporated in the shared set of Gaussians.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0031-3203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RoP2009 Serial 1053  
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Author Ignasi Rius; Jordi Gonzalez; Javier Varona; Xavier Roca edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Action-specific motion prior for efficient bayesian 3D human body tracking Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 42 Issue 11 Pages 2907–2921  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this paper, we aim to reconstruct the 3D motion parameters of a human body
model from the known 2D positions of a reduced set of joints in the image plane.
Towards this end, an action-specific motion model is trained from a database of real
motion-captured performances. The learnt motion model is used within a particle
filtering framework as a priori knowledge on human motion. First, our dynamic
model guides the particles according to similar situations previously learnt. Then, the solution space is constrained so only feasible human postures are accepted as valid solutions at each time step. As a result, we are able to track the 3D configuration of the full human body from several cycles of walking motion sequences using only the 2D positions of a very reduced set of joints from lateral or frontal viewpoints.
 
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (down) 0031-3203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number ISE @ ise @ RGV2009 Serial 1159  
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