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	Author	Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika
	Title	Texture-independent recognition of facial expressions in image snapshots and videos			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Machine Vision and Applications	Abbreviated Journal	MVA
	Volume	24	Issue	4	Pages	811-820
	Keywords
	Abstract	This paper addresses the static and dynamic recognition of basic facial expressions. It has two main contributions. First, we introduce a view- and texture-independent scheme that exploits facial action parameters estimated by an appearance-based 3D face tracker. We represent the learned facial actions associated with different facial expressions by time series. Second, we compare this dynamic scheme with a static one based on analyzing individual snapshots and show that the former performs better than the latter. We provide evaluations of performance using three subspace learning techniques: linear discriminant analysis, non-parametric discriminant analysis and support vector machines.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0932-8092	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	OR; 600.046; 605.203;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RaD2013			Serial	2230
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	Author	Ferran Diego; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Joint spatio-temporal alignment of sequences			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Multimedia	Abbreviated Journal	TMM
	Volume	15	Issue	6	Pages	1377-1387
	Keywords	video alignment
	Abstract	Video alignment is important in different areas of computer vision such as wide baseline matching, action recognition, change detection, video copy detection and frame dropping prevention. Current video alignment methods usually deal with a relatively simple case of fixed or rigidly attached cameras or simultaneous acquisition. Therefore, in this paper we propose a joint video alignment for bringing two video sequences into a spatio-temporal alignment. Specifically, the novelty of the paper is to formulate the video alignment to fold the spatial and temporal alignment into a single alignment framework. This simultaneously satisfies a frame-correspondence and frame-alignment similarity; exploiting the knowledge among neighbor frames by a standard pairwise Markov random field (MRF). This new formulation is able to handle the alignment of sequences recorded at different times by independent moving cameras that follows a similar trajectory, and also generalizes the particular cases that of fixed geometric transformation and/or linear temporal mapping. We conduct experiments on different scenarios such as sequences recorded simultaneously or by moving cameras to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed method provides the highest video alignment accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods on sequences recorded from vehicles driving along the same track at different times.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-9210	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DSL2013; ADAS @ adas @			Serial	2228
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	Author	Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu
	Title	Rendering ground truth data sets to detect shadows cast by static objects in outdoors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Multimedia Tools and Applications	Abbreviated Journal	MTAP
	Volume	70	Issue	1	Pages	557-571
	Keywords	Synthetic ground truth data set; Sun position; Shadow detection; Static objects shadow detection
	Abstract	In our work, we are particularly interested in studying the shadows cast by static objects in outdoor environments, during daytime. To assess the accuracy of a shadow detection algorithm, we need ground truth information. The collection of such information is a very tedious task because it is a process that requires manual annotation. To overcome this severe limitation, we propose in this paper a methodology to automatically render ground truth using a virtual environment. To increase the degree of realism and usefulness of the simulated environment, we incorporate in the scenario the precise longitude, latitude and elevation of the actual location of the object, as well as the sun’s position for a given time and day. To evaluate our method, we consider a qualitative and a quantitative comparison. In the quantitative one, we analyze the shadow cast by a real object in a particular geographical location and its corresponding rendered model. To evaluate qualitatively the methodology, we use some ground truth images obtained both manually and automatically.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer US	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1380-7501	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	OR;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ISR2014			Serial	2229
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	Author	German Ros; J. Guerrero; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez
	Title	VSLAM pose initialization via Lie groups and Lie algebras optimization			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	5740 - 5747
	Keywords	SLAM
	Abstract	We present a novel technique for estimating initial 3D poses in the context of localization and Visual SLAM problems. The presented approach can deal with noise, outliers and a large amount of input data and still performs in real time in a standard CPU. Our method produces solutions with an accuracy comparable to those produced by RANSAC but can be much faster when the percentage of outliers is high or for large amounts of input data. On the current work we propose to formulate the pose estimation as an optimization problem on Lie groups, considering their manifold structure as well as their associated Lie algebras. This allows us to perform a fast and simple optimization at the same time that conserve all the constraints imposed by the Lie group SE(3). Additionally, we present several key design concepts related with the cost function and its Jacobian; aspects that are critical for the good performance of the algorithm.
	Address	Karlsruhe; Germany; May 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1050-4729	ISBN	978-1-4673-5641-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICRA
	Notes	ADAS; 600.054; 600.055; 600.057			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RGS2013a; ADAS @ adas @			Serial	2225
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	Author	David Aldavert; Marçal Rusiñol; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados
	Title	Integrating Visual and Textual Cues for Query-by-String Word Spotting			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	511 - 515
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper, we present a word spotting framework that follows the query-by-string paradigm where word images are represented both by textual and visual representations. The textual representation is formulated in terms of character $n$-grams while the visual one is based on the bag-of-visual-words scheme. These two representations are merged together and projected to a sub-vector space. This transform allows to, given a textual query, retrieve word instances that were only represented by the visual modality. Moreover, this statistical representation can be used together with state-of-the-art indexation structures in order to deal with large-scale scenarios. The proposed method is evaluated using a collection of historical documents outperforming state-of-the-art performances.
	Address	Washington; USA; August 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-5363	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG; ADAS; 600.045; 600.055; 600.061			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ART2013			Serial	2224
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	Author	Ariel Amato; Ivan Huerta; Mikhail Mozerov; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez
	Title	Moving Cast Shadows Detection Methods for Video Surveillance Applications			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Augmented Vision and Reality	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	23-47
	Keywords
	Abstract	Moving cast shadows are a major concern in today’s performance from broad range of many vision-based surveillance applications because they highly difficult the object classification task. Several shadow detection methods have been reported in the literature during the last years. They are mainly divided into two domains. One usually works with static images, whereas the second one uses image sequences, namely video content. In spite of the fact that both cases can be analogously analyzed, there is a difference in the application field. The first case, shadow detection methods can be exploited in order to obtain additional geometric and semantic cues about shape and position of its casting object (‘shape from shadows’) as well as the localization of the light source. While in the second one, the main purpose is usually change detection, scene matching or surveillance (usually in a background subtraction context). Shadows can in fact modify in a negative way the shape and color of the target object and therefore affect the performance of scene analysis and interpretation in many applications. This chapter wills mainly reviews shadow detection methods as well as their taxonomies related with the second case, thus aiming at those shadows which are associated with moving objects (moving shadows).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-5916	ISBN	978-3-642-37840-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE; 605.203; 600.049; 302.018; 302.012; 600.078			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ AHM2014			Serial	2223
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	Author	Marc Castello; Jordi Gonzalez; Ariel Amato; Pau Baiget; Carles Fernandez; Josep M. Gonfaus; Ramon Mollineda; Marco Pedersoli; Nicolas Perez de la Blanca; Xavier Roca
	Title	Exploiting Multimodal Interaction Techniques for Video-Surveillance			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2013	Publication	Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications Intelligent Systems Reference Library	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue	8	Pages	135-151
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present an example of a video surveillance application that exploits Multimodal Interactive (MI) technologies. The main objective of the so-called VID-Hum prototype was to develop a cognitive artificial system for both the detection and description of a particular set of human behaviours arising from real-world events. The main procedure of the prototype described in this chapter entails: (i) adaptation, since the system adapts itself to the most common behaviours (qualitative data) inferred from tracking (quantitative data) thus being able to recognize abnormal behaviors; (ii) feedback, since an advanced interface based on Natural Language understanding allows end-users the communicationwith the prototype by means of conceptual sentences; and (iii) multimodality, since a virtual avatar has been designed to describe what is happening in the scene, based on those textual interpretations generated by the prototype. Thus, the MI methodology has provided an adequate framework for all these cooperating processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1868-4394	ISBN	978-3-642-35931-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE; 605.203; 600.049			Approved	no
	Call Number	CGA2013			Serial	2222
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	Author	Francisco Javier Orozco; Ognjen Rudovic; Jordi Gonzalez; Maja Pantic
	Title	Hierarchical On-line Appearance-Based Tracking for 3D Head Pose, Eyebrows, Lips, Eyelids and Irises			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Image and Vision Computing	Abbreviated Journal	IMAVIS
	Volume	31	Issue	4	Pages	322-340
	Keywords	On-line appearance models; Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm; Line-search optimization; 3D face tracking; Facial action tracking; Eyelid tracking; Iris tracking
	Abstract	In this paper, we propose an On-line Appearance-Based Tracker (OABT) for simultaneous tracking of 3D head pose, lips, eyebrows, eyelids and irises in monocular video sequences. In contrast to previously proposed tracking approaches, which deal with face and gaze tracking separately, our OABT can also be used for eyelid and iris tracking, as well as 3D head pose, lips and eyebrows facial actions tracking. Furthermore, our approach applies an on-line learning of changes in the appearance of the tracked target. Hence, the prior training of appearance models, which usually requires a large amount of labeled facial images, is avoided. Moreover, the proposed method is built upon a hierarchical combination of three OABTs, which are optimized using a Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) enhanced with line-search procedures. This, in turn, makes the proposed method robust to changes in lighting conditions, occlusions and translucent textures, as evidenced by our experiments. Finally, the proposed method achieves head and facial actions tracking in real-time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE; 605.203; 302.012; 302.018; 600.049			Approved	no
	Call Number	ORG2013			Serial	2221
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	Author	Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados; Thierry Brouard
	Title	Fuzzy Multilevel Graph Embedding			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	PR
	Volume	46	Issue	2	Pages	551-565
	Keywords	Pattern recognition; Graphics recognition; Graph clustering; Graph classification; Explicit graph embedding; Fuzzy logic
	Abstract	Structural pattern recognition approaches offer the most expressive, convenient, powerful but computational expensive representations of underlying relational information. To benefit from mature, less expensive and efficient state-of-the-art machine learning models of statistical pattern recognition they must be mapped to a low-dimensional vector space. Our method of explicit graph embedding bridges the gap between structural and statistical pattern recognition. We extract the topological, structural and attribute information from a graph and encode numeric details by fuzzy histograms and symbolic details by crisp histograms. The histograms are concatenated to achieve a simple and straightforward embedding of graph into a low-dimensional numeric feature vector. Experimentation on standard public graph datasets shows that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods of graph embedding for richly attributed graphs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-3203	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.042; 600.045; 605.203			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ LRL2013a			Serial	2270
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	Author	Miguel Angel Bautista; Antonio Hernandez; Victor Ponce; Xavier Perez Sala; Xavier Baro; Oriol Pujol; Cecilio Angulo; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Probability-based Dynamic TimeWarping for Gesture Recognition on RGB-D data			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition International Workshop on Depth Image Analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7854	Issue		Pages	126-135
	Keywords
	Abstract	Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is commonly used in gesture recognition tasks in order to tackle the temporal length variability of gestures. In the DTW framework, a set of gesture patterns are compared one by one to a maybe infinite test sequence, and a query gesture category is recognized if a warping cost below a certain threshold is found within the test sequence. Nevertheless, either taking one single sample per gesture category or a set of isolated samples may not encode the variability of such gesture category. In this paper, a probability-based DTW for gesture recognition is proposed. Different samples of the same gesture pattern obtained from RGB-Depth data are used to build a Gaussian-based probabilistic model of the gesture. Finally, the cost of DTW has been adapted accordingly to the new model. The proposed approach is tested in a challenging scenario, showing better performance of the probability-based DTW in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches for gesture recognition on RGB-D data.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-40302-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	WDIA
	Notes	MILAB; OR;HuPBA;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BHP2012			Serial	2120
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	Author	Miguel Reyes; Albert Clapes; Luis Felipe Mejia; Jose Ramirez; Juan R Revilla; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Posture Analysis and Range of Movement Estimation using Depth Maps			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition International Workshop on Depth Image Analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7854	Issue		Pages	97-105
	Keywords
	Abstract	World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the world population is affected of back pain during his life. Current practices to analyze back problems are expensive, subjective, and invasive. In this work, we propose a novel tool for posture and range of movement estimation based on the analysis of 3D information from depth maps. Given a set of keypoints defined by the user, RGB and depth data are aligned, depth surface is reconstructed, keypoints are matching using a novel point-to-point fitting procedure, and accurate measurements about posture, spinal curvature, and range of movement are computed. The system shows high precision and reliable measurements, being useful for posture reeducation purposes to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, such as back pain, as well as tracking the posture evolution of patients in rehabilitation treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-40302-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	WDIA
	Notes	HuPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RCM2012			Serial	2121
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	Author	Antonio Hernandez; Miguel Angel Bautista; Xavier Perez Sala; Victor Ponce; Xavier Baro; Oriol Pujol; Cecilio Angulo; Sergio Escalera
	Title	BoVDW: Bag-of-Visual-and-Depth-Words for Gesture Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	We present a Bag-of-Visual-and-Depth-Words (BoVDW) model for gesture recognition, an extension of the Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) model, that benefits from the multimodal fusion of visual and depth features. State-of-the-art RGB and depth features, including a new proposed depth descriptor, are analysed and combined in a late fusion fashion. The method is integrated in a continuous gesture recognition pipeline, where Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is used to perform prior segmentation of gestures. Results of the method in public data sets, within our gesture recognition pipeline, show better performance in comparison to a standard BoVW model.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-4651	ISBN	978-1-4673-2216-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICPR
	Notes	HuPBA;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ HBP2012			Serial	2122
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	Author	Carles Sanchez; Debora Gil; Antoni Rosell; Albert Andaluz; F. Javier Sanchez
	Title	Segmentation of Tracheal Rings in Videobronchoscopy combining Geometry and Appearance			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	153--161
	Keywords	Video-bronchoscopy, tracheal ring segmentation, trachea geometric and appearance model
	Abstract	Videobronchoscopy is a medical imaging technique that allows interactive navigation inside the respiratory pathways and minimal invasive interventions. Tracheal procedures are ordinary interventions that require measurement of the percentage of obstructed pathway for injury (stenosis) assessment. Visual assessment of stenosis in videobronchoscopic sequences requires high expertise of trachea anatomy and is prone to human error. Accurate detection of tracheal rings is the basis for automated estimation of the size of stenosed trachea. Processing of videobronchoscopic images acquired at the operating room is a challenging task due to the wide range of artifacts and acquisition conditions. We present a model of the geometric-appearance of tracheal rings for its detection in videobronchoscopic videos. Experiments on sequences acquired at the operating room, show a performance close to inter-observer variability
	Address	Barcelona; February 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	SciTePress	Place of Publication	Portugal	Editor	Sebastiano Battiato and José Braz
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-989-8565-47-1	Medium
	Area	800	Expedition		Conference	VISAPP
	Notes	IAM;MV; 600.044; 600.047; 600.060; 605.203			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ SGR2013			Serial	2123
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	Author	Anjan Dutta; Jaume Gibert; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal
	Title	Combination of Product Graph and Random Walk Kernel for Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1663-1666
	Keywords
	Abstract	This paper explores the utilization of product graph for spotting symbols on graphical documents. Product graph is intended to find the candidate subgraphs or components in the input graph containing the paths similar to the query graph. The acute angle between two edges and their length ratio are considered as the node labels. In a second step, each of the candidate subgraphs in the input graph is assigned with a distance measure computed by a random walk kernel. Actually it is the minimum of the distances of the component to all the components of the model graph. This distance measure is then used to eliminate dissimilar components. The remaining neighboring components are grouped and the grouped zone is considered as a retrieval zone of a symbol similar to the queried one. The entire method works online, i.e., it doesn't need any preprocessing step. The present paper reports the initial results of the method, which are very encouraging.
	Address	Tsukuba, Japan
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-4651	ISBN	978-1-4673-2216-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICPR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DGL2012			Serial	2125
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	Author	Klaus Broelemann; Anjan Dutta; Xiaoyi Jiang; Josep Llados
	Title	Hierarchical graph representation for symbol spotting in graphical document images			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, Joint IAPR International Workshop	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7626	Issue		Pages	529-538
	Keywords
	Abstract	Symbol spotting can be defined as locating given query symbol in a large collection of graphical documents. In this paper we present a hierarchical graph representation for symbols. This representation allows graph matching methods to deal with low-level vectorization errors and, thus, to perform a robust symbol spotting. To show the potential of this approach, we conduct an experiment with the SESYD dataset.
	Address	Miyajima-Itsukushima, Hiroshima
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-34165-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	SSPR&SPR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BDJ2012			Serial	2126
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