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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Eduard Vazquez; Josep Llados; Ramon Baldrich; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
A System to Segment Text and Symbols from Color Maps |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition. Recent Advances and New Opportunities |
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5046 |
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245-256 |
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DAG;CIC |
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Call Number |
CAT @ cat @ RVL2008 |
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1005 |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
Graphics Recognition Techniques |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition |
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D |
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Pages |
489-521 |
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Dimension recognition; Graphics recognition; Graphic-rich documents; Polygonal approximation; Raster-to-vector conversion; Texture-based primitive extraction; Text-graphics separation |
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Abstract |
This chapter describes the most relevant approaches for the analysis of graphical documents. The graphics recognition pipeline can be splitted into three tasks. The low level or lexical task extracts the basic units composing the document. The syntactic level is focused on the structure, i.e., how graphical entities are constructed, and involves the location and classification of the symbols present in the document. The third level is a functional or semantic level, i.e., it models what the graphical symbols do and what they mean in the context where they appear. This chapter covers the lexical level, while the next two chapters are devoted to the syntactic and semantic level, respectively. The main problems reviewed in this chapter are raster-to-vector conversion (vectorization algorithms) and the separation of text and graphics components. The research and industrial communities have provided standard methods achieving reasonable performance levels. Hence, graphics recognition techniques can be considered to be in a mature state from a scientific point of view. Additionally this chapter provides insights on some related problems, namely, the extraction and recognition of dimensions in engineering drawings, and the recognition of hatched and tiled patterns. Both problems are usually associated, even integrated, in the vectorization process. |
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Springer London |
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D. Doermann; K. Tombre |
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978-0-85729-858-4 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ LlR2014 |
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2380 |
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Author |
Jose Antonio Rodriguez; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Categorization of Digital Ink Elements using Spectral Features |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition: Recent Advances and New Opportunities |
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5046 |
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Pages |
188–198 |
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Springer–Verlag |
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W. Liu, J. Llados, J.M. Ogier |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ RSL2008 |
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1099 |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Jaime Lopez-Krahe; Enric Marti |
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Title |
A system to understand hand-drawn floor plans using subgraph isomorphism and Hough transform |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Machine Vision and Applications |
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10 |
Issue |
3 |
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150-158 |
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Keywords |
Line drawings – Hough transform – Graph matching – CAD systems – Graphics recognition |
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Presently, man-machine interface development is a widespread research activity. A system to understand hand drawn architectural drawings in a CAD environment is presented in this paper. To understand a document, we have to identify its building elements and their structural properties. An attributed graph structure is chosen as a symbolic representation of the input document and the patterns to recognize in it. An inexact subgraph isomorphism procedure using relaxation labeling techniques is performed. In this paper we focus on how to speed up the matching. There is a building element, the walls, characterized by a hatching pattern. Using a straight line Hough transform (SLHT)-based method, we recognize this pattern, characterized by parallel straight lines, and remove from the input graph the edges belonging to this pattern. The isomorphism is then applied to the remainder of the input graph. When all the building elements have been recognized, the document is redrawn, correcting the inaccurate strokes obtained from a hand-drawn input. |
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DAG;IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ LLM1997a |
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1566 |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti |
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Title |
Symbol recognition: current advances and perspectives |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition Algorithms And Applications |
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LNCS |
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2390 |
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104-128 |
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The recognition of symbols in graphic documents is an intensive research activity in the community of pattern recognition and document analysis. A key issue in the interpretation of maps, engineering drawings, diagrams, etc. is the recognition of domain dependent symbols according to a symbol database. In this work we first review the most outstanding symbol recognition methods from two different points of view: application domains and pattern recognition methods. In the second part of the paper, open and unaddressed problems involved in symbol recognition are described, analyzing their current state of art and discussing future research challenges. Thus, issues such as symbol representation, matching, segmentation, learning, scalability of recognition methods and performance evaluation are addressed in this work. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of symbol recognition concerning to new paradigms such as user interfaces in handheld computers or document database and WWW indexing by graphical content. |
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London, UK |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Editor |
Dorothea Blostein and Young- Bin Kwon |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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3-540-44066-6 |
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GREC |
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DAG; IAM; |
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IAM @ iam @ LVS2002 |
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1572 |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti |
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Title |
A string based method to recognize symbols and structural textures in architectural plans |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1998 |
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Graphics Recognition Algorithms and Systems Second International Workshop, GREC' 97 Nancy, France, August 22–23, 1997 Selected Papers |
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LNCS |
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1389 |
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1998 |
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91-103 |
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This paper deals with the recognition of symbols and structural textures in architectural plans using string matching techniques. A plan is represented by an attributed graph whose nodes represent characteristic points and whose edges represent segments. Symbols and textures can be seen as a set of regions, i.e. closed loops in the graph, with a particular arrangement. The search for a symbol involves a graph matching between the regions of a model graph and the regions of the graph representing the document. Discriminating a texture means a clustering of neighbouring regions of this graph. Both procedures involve a similarity measure between graph regions. A string codification is used to represent the sequence of outlining edges of a region. Thus, the similarity between two regions is defined in terms of the string edit distance between their boundary strings. The use of string matching allows the recognition method to work also under presence of distortion. |
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Springer Link |
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DAG; IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ SLE1998 |
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1573 |
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Author |
Salvatore Tabbone; Oriol Ramos Terrades |
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Title |
An Overview of Symbol Recognition |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition |
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D |
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523-551 |
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Pattern recognition; Shape descriptors; Structural descriptors; Symbolrecognition; Symbol spotting |
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According to the Cambridge Dictionaries Online, a symbol is a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something else. Symbol recognition is a subfield of general pattern recognition problems that focuses on identifying, detecting, and recognizing symbols in technical drawings, maps, or miscellaneous documents such as logos and musical scores. This chapter aims at providing the reader an overview of the different existing ways of describing and recognizing symbols and how the field has evolved to attain a certain degree of maturity. |
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Springer London |
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D. Doermann; K. Tombre |
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978-0-85729-858-4 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ TaT2014 |
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2489 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Writer Identification in Old Handwritten Music Scores |
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Book Chapter |
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2012 |
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Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing in Archaeometry: Mathematical and Computational Solutions for Archaeology |
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27-63 |
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The aim of writer identification is determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper we present a system for writer identification in old handwritten music scores. Even though an important amount of compositions contains handwritten text in the music scores, the aim of our work is to use only music notation to determine the author. The steps of the system proposed are the following. First of all, the music sheet is preprocessed and normalized for obtaining a single binarized music line, without the staff lines. Afterwards, 100 features are extracted for every music line, which are subsequently used in a k-NN classifier that compares every feature vector with prototypes stored in a database. By applying feature selection and extraction methods on the original feature set, the performance is increased. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the 17th to 19th centuries, achieving a recognition rate of about 95%. |
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IGI-Global |
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Copnstantin Papaodysseus |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ FLS2012 |
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1828 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
A Product Graph Based Method for Dual Subgraph Matching Applied to Symbol Spotting |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition. Current Trends and Challenges |
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8746 |
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7-11 |
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Product graph; Dual edge graph; Subgraph matching; Random walks; Graph kernel |
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Product graph has been shown as a way for matching subgraphs. This paper reports the extension of the product graph methodology for subgraph matching applied to symbol spotting in graphical documents. Here we focus on the two major limitations of the previous version of the algorithm: (1) spurious nodes and edges in the graph representation and (2) inefficient node and edge attributes. To deal with noisy information of vectorized graphical documents, we consider a dual edge graph representation on the original graph representing the graphical information and the product graph is computed between the dual edge graphs of the pattern graph and the target graph. The dual edge graph with redundant edges is helpful for efficient and tolerating encoding of the structural information of the graphical documents. The adjacency matrix of the product graph locates the pair of similar edges of two operand graphs and exponentiating the adjacency matrix finds similar random walks of greater lengths. Nodes joining similar random walks between two graphs are found by combining different weighted exponentials of adjacency matrices. An experimental investigation reveals that the recall obtained by this approach is quite encouraging. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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Bart Lamiroy; Jean-Marc Ogier |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-662-44853-3 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ DLB2014 |
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2698 |
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Author |
Ernest Valveny; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Joan Mas; Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
Interactive Document Retrieval and Classification. |
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2013 |
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Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications |
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48 |
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17-30 |
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In this chapter we describe a system for document retrieval and classification following the interactive-predictive framework. In particular, the system addresses two different scenarios of document analysis: document classification based on visual appearance and logo detection. These two classical problems of document analysis are formulated following the interactive-predictive model, taking the user interaction into account to make easier the process of annotating and labelling the documents. A system implementing this model in a real scenario is presented and analyzed. This system also takes advantage of active learning techniques to speed up the task of labelling the documents. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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Angel Sappa; Jordi Vitria |
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1868-4394 |
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978-3-642-35931-6 |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ VRM2013 |
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2341 |
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