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Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Lluis Albarracin; Daniel Calvo; Nuria Gorgorio |
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Title |
EyeMath: Identifying Mathematics Problem Solving Processes in a RTS Video Game |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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5th International Conference Games and Learning Alliance |
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10056 |
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50-59 |
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Simulation environment; Automated Driving; Driver-Vehicle interaction |
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Photorealistic virtual environments are crucial for developing and testing automated driving systems in a safe way during trials. As commercially available simulators are expensive and bulky, this paper presents a low-cost, extendable, and easy-to-use (LEE) virtual environment with the aim to highlight its utility for level 3 driving automation. In particular, an experiment is performed using the presented simulator to explore the influence of different variables regarding control transfer of the car after the system was driving autonomously in a highway scenario. The results show that the speed of the car at the time when the system needs to transfer the control to the human driver is critical. |
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GALA |
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ADAS;IAM; |
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HAC2016 |
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2864 |
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Author |
Alejandro Gonzalez Alzate; Sebastian Ramos; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Jaume Amores |
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Title |
Spatiotemporal Stacked Sequential Learning for Pedestrian Detection |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Proceedings of 7th Iberian Conference , ibPRIA 2015 |
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3-12 |
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SSL; Pedestrian Detection |
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Pedestrian classifiers decide which image windows contain a pedestrian. In practice, such classifiers provide a relatively high response at neighbor windows overlapping a pedestrian, while the responses around potential false positives are expected to be lower. An analogous reasoning applies for image sequences. If there is a pedestrian located within a frame, the same pedestrian is expected to appear close to the same location in neighbor frames. Therefore, such a location has chances of receiving high classification scores during several frames, while false positives are expected to be more spurious. In this paper we propose to exploit such correlations for improving the accuracy of base pedestrian classifiers. In particular, we propose to use two-stage classifiers which not only rely on the image descriptors required by the base classifiers but also on the response of such base classifiers in a given spatiotemporal neighborhood. More specifically, we train pedestrian classifiers using a stacked sequential learning (SSL) paradigm. We use a new pedestrian dataset we have acquired from a car to evaluate our proposal at different frame rates. We also test on a well known dataset: Caltech. The obtained results show that our SSL proposal boosts detection accuracy significantly with a minimal impact on the computational cost. Interestingly, SSL improves more the accuracy at the most dangerous situations, i.e. when a pedestrian is close to the camera. |
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Santiago de Compostela; España; June 2015 |
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ACDC |
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IbPRIA |
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ADAS; 600.057; 600.054; 600.076 |
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GRV2015; ADAS @ adas @ GRV2015 |
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2454 |
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David Geronimo; Frederic Lerasle; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
State-driven particle filter for multi-person tracking |
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2012 |
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11th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems |
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7517 |
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467-478 |
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human tracking |
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Multi-person tracking can be exploited in applications such as driver assistance, surveillance, multimedia and human-robot interaction. With the help of human detectors, particle filters offer a robust method able to filter noisy detections and provide temporal coherence. However, some traditional problems such as occlusions with other targets or the scene, temporal drifting or even the lost targets detection are rarely considered, making the systems performance decrease. Some authors propose to overcome these problems using heuristics not explained
and formalized in the papers, for instance by defining exceptions to the model updating depending on tracks overlapping. In this paper we propose to formalize these events by the use of a state-graph, defining the current state of the track (e.g., potential , tracked, occluded or lost) and the transitions between states in an explicit way. This approach has the advantage of linking track actions such as the online underlying models updating, which gives flexibility to the system. It provides an explicit representation to adapt the multiple parallel trackers depending on the context, i.e., each track can make use of a specific filtering strategy, dynamic model, number of particles, etc. depending on its state. We implement this technique in a single-camera multi-person tracker and test
it in public video sequences. |
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Brno, Chzech Republic |
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Springer |
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Heidelberg |
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J. Blanc-Talon et al. |
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English |
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ACIVS |
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ADAS |
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yes |
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GLL2012; ADAS @ adas @ gll2012a |
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1990 |
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Author |
Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Evaluation of Similarity Functions in Multimodal Stereo |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition |
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7324 |
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I |
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320-329 |
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Aveiro, Portugal |
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This paper presents an evaluation framework for multimodal stereo matching, which allows to compare the performance of four similarity functions. Additionally, it presents details of a multimodal stereo head that supply thermal infrared and color images, as well as, aspects of its calibration and rectification. The pipeline includes a novel method for the disparity selection, which is suitable for evaluating the similarity functions. Finally, a benchmark for comparing different initializations of the proposed framework is presented. Similarity functions are based on mutual information, gradient orientation and scale space representations. Their evaluation is performed using two metrics: i) disparity error, and ii) number of correct matches on planar regions. In addition to the proposed evaluation, the current paper also shows that 3D sparse representations can be recovered from such a multimodal stereo head. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-31294-6 |
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ICIAR |
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ADAS |
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no |
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BLS2012a |
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2014 |
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Author |
Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; F. Aguilera; Angel Sappa; C. Aguilera; Ricardo Toledo |
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Title |
Learning cross-spectral similarity measures with deep convolutional neural networks |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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29th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Worshops |
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The simultaneous use of images from different spectracan be helpful to improve the performance of many computer vision tasks. The core idea behind the usage of crossspectral approaches is to take advantage of the strengths of each spectral band providing a richer representation of a scene, which cannot be obtained with just images from one spectral band. In this work we tackle the cross-spectral image similarity problem by using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We explore three different CNN architectures to compare the similarity of cross-spectral image patches. Specifically, we train each network with images from the visible and the near-infrared spectrum, and then test the result with two public cross-spectral datasets. Experimental results show that CNN approaches outperform the current state-of-art on both cross-spectral datasets. Additionally, our experiments show that some CNN architectures are capable of generalizing between different crossspectral domains. |
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Las vegas; USA; June 2016 |
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CVPRW |
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ADAS; 600.086; 600.076 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @AAS2016 |
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2809 |
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Author |
Javad Zolfaghari Bengar; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Gabriel Villalonga; Bogdan Raducanu; Hamed H. Aghdam; Mikhail Mozerov; Antonio Lopez; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Temporal Coherence for Active Learning in Videos |
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Conference Article |
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2019 |
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IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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914-923 |
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Autonomous driving systems require huge amounts of data to train. Manual annotation of this data is time-consuming and prohibitively expensive since it involves human resources. Therefore, active learning emerged as an alternative to ease this effort and to make data annotation more manageable. In this paper, we introduce a novel active learning approach for object detection in videos by exploiting temporal coherence. Our active learning criterion is based on the estimated number of errors in terms of false positives and false negatives. The detections obtained by the object detector are used to define the nodes of a graph and tracked forward and backward to temporally link the nodes. Minimizing an energy function defined on this graphical model provides estimates of both false positives and false negatives. Additionally, we introduce a synthetic video dataset, called SYNTHIA-AL, specially designed to evaluate active learning for video object detection in road scenes. Finally, we show that our approach outperforms active learning baselines tested on two datasets. |
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Seul; Corea; October 2019 |
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ICCVW |
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LAMP; ADAS; 600.124; 602.200; 600.118; 600.120; 600.141 |
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Admin @ si @ ZGV2019 |
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3294 |
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Author |
Jiaolong Xu; Peng Wang; Heng Yang; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Training a Binary Weight Object Detector by Knowledge Transfer for Autonomous Driving |
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2019 |
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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation |
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2379-2384 |
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Autonomous driving has harsh requirements of small model size and energy efficiency, in order to enable the embedded system to achieve real-time on-board object detection. Recent deep convolutional neural network based object detectors have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy. However, such models are trained with numerous parameters and their high computational costs and large storage prohibit the deployment to memory and computation resource limited systems. Low-precision neural networks are popular techniques for reducing the computation requirements and memory footprint. Among them, binary weight neural network (BWN) is the extreme case which quantizes the float-point into just bit. BWNs are difficult to train and suffer from accuracy deprecation due to the extreme low-bit representation. To address this problem, we propose a knowledge transfer (KT) method to aid the training of BWN using a full-precision teacher network. We built DarkNet-and MobileNet-based binary weight YOLO-v2 detectors and conduct experiments on KITTI benchmark for car, pedestrian and cyclist detection. The experimental results show that the proposed method maintains high detection accuracy while reducing the model size of DarkNet-YOLO from 257 MB to 8.8 MB and MobileNet-YOLO from 193 MB to 7.9 MB. |
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Montreal; Canada; May 2019 |
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ICRA |
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ADAS; 600.124; 600.116; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ XWY2018 |
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3182 |
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Jiaolong Xu; David Vazquez; Krystian Mikolajczyk; Antonio Lopez |
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Hierarchical online domain adaptation of deformable part-based models |
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2016 |
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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation |
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5536-5541 |
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Domain Adaptation; Pedestrian Detection |
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We propose an online domain adaptation method for the deformable part-based model (DPM). The online domain adaptation is based on a two-level hierarchical adaptation tree, which consists of instance detectors in the leaf nodes and a category detector at the root node. Moreover, combined with a multiple object tracking procedure (MOT), our proposal neither requires target-domain annotated data nor revisiting the source-domain data for performing the source-to-target domain adaptation of the DPM. From a practical point of view this means that, given a source-domain DPM and new video for training on a new domain without object annotations, our procedure outputs a new DPM adapted to the domain represented by the video. As proof-of-concept we apply our proposal to the challenging task of pedestrian detection. In this case, each instance detector is an exemplar classifier trained online with only one pedestrian per frame. The pedestrian instances are collected by MOT and the hierarchical model is constructed dynamically according to the pedestrian trajectories. Our experimental results show that the adapted detector achieves the accuracy of recent supervised domain adaptation methods (i.e., requiring manually annotated targetdomain data), and improves the source detector more than 10 percentage points. |
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Stockholm; Sweden; May 2016 |
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ICRA |
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ADAS; 600.085; 600.082; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ XVM2016 |
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2728 |
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Jiaolong Xu; Sebastian Ramos; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez |
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DA-DPM Pedestrian Detection |
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2013 |
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ICCV Workshop on Reconstruction meets Recognition |
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Domain Adaptation; Pedestrian Detection |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ XRV2013 |
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2569 |
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Author |
Yi Xiao; Felipe Codevilla; Diego Porres; Antonio Lopez |
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Scaling Vision-Based End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Multi-View Attention Learning |
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2023 |
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International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems |
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On end-to-end driving, human driving demonstrations are used to train perception-based driving models by imitation learning. This process is supervised on vehicle signals (e.g., steering angle, acceleration) but does not require extra costly supervision (human labeling of sensor data). As a representative of such vision-based end-to-end driving models, CILRS is commonly used as a baseline to compare with new driving models. So far, some latest models achieve better performance than CILRS by using expensive sensor suites and/or by using large amounts of human-labeled data for training. Given the difference in performance, one may think that it is not worth pursuing vision-based pure end-to-end driving. However, we argue that this approach still has great value and potential considering cost and maintenance. In this paper, we present CIL++, which improves on CILRS by both processing higher-resolution images using a human-inspired HFOV as an inductive bias and incorporating a proper attention mechanism. CIL++ achieves competitive performance compared to models which are more costly to develop. We propose to replace CILRS with CIL++ as a strong vision-based pure end-to-end driving baseline supervised by only vehicle signals and trained by conditional imitation learning. |
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Detroit; USA; October 2023 |
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IROS |
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Admin @ si @ XCP2023 |
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3930 |
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