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Author |
Debora Gil; Jose Maria-Carazo; Roberto Marabini |
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Title |
On the nature of 2D crystal unbending |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of Structural Biology |
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156 |
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3 |
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546-555 |
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Electron microscopy |
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Crystal unbending, the process that aims to recover a perfect crystal from experimental data, is one of the more important steps in electron crystallography image processing. The unbending process involves three steps: estimation of the unit cell displacements from their ideal positions, extension of the deformation field to the whole image and transformation of the image in order to recover an ideal crystal. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the second step oriented to address two issues. First, whether the unit cells remain undistorted and only the distance between them should be changed (rigid case) or should be modified with the same deformation suffered by the whole crystal (elastic case). Second, the performance of different extension algorithms (interpolation versus approximation) is explored. Our experiments show that there is no difference between elastic and rigid cases or among the extension algorithms. This implies that the deformation fields are constant over large areas. Furthermore, our results indicate that the main source of error is the transformation of the crystal image. |
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IAM @ iam @ GCM2006 |
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1519 |
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Daniela Rato; Miguel Oliveira; Vitor Santos; Manuel Gomes; Angel Sappa |
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A sensor-to-pattern calibration framework for multi-modal industrial collaborative cells |
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Journal Article |
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2022 |
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Journal of Manufacturing Systems |
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JMANUFSYST |
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64 |
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497-507 |
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Calibration; Collaborative cell; Multi-modal; Multi-sensor |
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Collaborative robotic industrial cells are workspaces where robots collaborate with human operators. In this context, safety is paramount, and for that a complete perception of the space where the collaborative robot is inserted is necessary. To ensure this, collaborative cells are equipped with a large set of sensors of multiple modalities, covering the entire work volume. However, the fusion of information from all these sensors requires an accurate extrinsic calibration. The calibration of such complex systems is challenging, due to the number of sensors and modalities, and also due to the small overlapping fields of view between the sensors, which are positioned to capture different viewpoints of the cell. This paper proposes a sensor to pattern methodology that can calibrate a complex system such as a collaborative cell in a single optimization procedure. Our methodology can tackle RGB and Depth cameras, as well as LiDARs. Results show that our methodology is able to accurately calibrate a collaborative cell containing three RGB cameras, a depth camera and three 3D LiDARs. |
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Science Direct |
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MSIAU; MACO |
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Admin @ si @ ROS2022 |
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3750 |
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Iban Berganzo-Besga; Hector A. Orengo; Felipe Lumbreras; Paloma Aliende; Monica N. Ramsey |
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Automated detection and classification of multi-cell Phytoliths using Deep Learning-Based Algorithms |
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2022 |
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Journal of Archaeological Science |
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JArchSci |
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148 |
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105654 |
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This paper presents an algorithm for automated detection and classification of multi-cell phytoliths, one of the major components of many archaeological and paleoenvironmental deposits. This identification, based on phytolith wave pattern, is made using a pretrained VGG19 deep learning model. This approach has been tested in three key phytolith genera for the study of agricultural origins in Near East archaeology: Avena, Hordeum and Triticum. Also, this classification has been validated at species-level using Triticum boeoticum and dicoccoides images. Due to the diversity of microscopes, cameras and chemical treatments that can influence images of phytolith slides, three types of data augmentation techniques have been implemented: rotation of the images at 45-degree angles, random colour and brightness jittering, and random blur/sharpen. The implemented workflow has resulted in an overall accuracy of 93.68% for phytolith genera, improving previous attempts. The algorithm has also demonstrated its potential to automatize the classification of phytoliths species with an overall accuracy of 100%. The open code and platforms employed to develop the algorithm assure the method's accessibility, reproducibility and reusability. |
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December 2022 |
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MSIAU; MACO; 600.167 |
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Admin @ si @ BOL2022 |
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3753 |
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Neus Salvatella; E Fernandez-Nofrerias; Francesco Ciompi; Oriol Rodriguez-Leor; H. Tizon; Xavier Carrillo; J. Mauri; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Radial Artery Volume Changes After Administration Of Two Different Intra-arterial Drug Regimens. Assessment by Intravascular Ultrasound |
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2010 |
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Journal of the American College of Cardiology |
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JACC |
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56 |
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13s1 |
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B119 |
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MILAB |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ SFC2010b |
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1364 |
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Author |
Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa |
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Multimodal Inverse Perspective Mapping |
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2015 |
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Information Fusion |
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IF |
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24 |
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108–121 |
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Inverse perspective mapping; Multimodal sensor fusion; Intelligent vehicles |
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Over the past years, inverse perspective mapping has been successfully applied to several problems in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. In brief, the method consists of mapping images to a new coordinate system where perspective effects are removed. The removal of perspective associated effects facilitates road and obstacle detection and also assists in free space estimation. There is, however, a significant limitation in the inverse perspective mapping: the presence of obstacles on the road disrupts the effectiveness of the mapping. The current paper proposes a robust solution based on the use of multimodal sensor fusion. Data from a laser range finder is fused with images from the cameras, so that the mapping is not computed in the regions where obstacles are present. As shown in the results, this considerably improves the effectiveness of the algorithm and reduces computation time when compared with the classical inverse perspective mapping. Furthermore, the proposed approach is also able to cope with several cameras with different lenses or image resolutions, as well as dynamic viewpoints. |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ OSS2015c |
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2532 |
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Author |
Ivan Huerta; Michael Holte; Thomas B. Moeslund; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Chromatic shadow detection and tracking for moving foreground segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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41 |
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42-53 |
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Detecting moving objects; Chromatic shadow detection; Temporal local gradient; Spatial and Temporal brightness and angle distortions; Shadow tracking |
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Advanced segmentation techniques in the surveillance domain deal with shadows to avoid distortions when detecting moving objects. Most approaches for shadow detection are still typically restricted to penumbra shadows and cannot cope well with umbra shadows. Consequently, umbra shadow regions are usually detected as part of moving objects, thus aecting the performance of the nal detection. In this paper we address the detection of both penumbra and umbra shadow regions. First, a novel bottom-up approach is presented based on gradient and colour models, which successfully discriminates between chromatic moving cast shadow regions and those regions detected as moving objects. In essence, those regions corresponding to potential shadows are detected based on edge partitioning and colour statistics. Subsequently (i) temporal similarities between textures and (ii) spatial similarities between chrominance angle and brightness distortions are analysed for each potential shadow region for detecting the umbra shadow regions. Our second contribution renes even further the segmentation results: a tracking-based top-down approach increases the performance of our bottom-up chromatic shadow detection algorithm by properly correcting non-detected shadows.
To do so, a combination of motion lters in a data association framework exploits the temporal consistency between objects and shadows to increase
the shadow detection rate. Experimental results exceed current state-of-the-
art in shadow accuracy for multiple well-known surveillance image databases which contain dierent shadowed materials and illumination conditions. |
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ISE; 600.078; 600.063 |
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Admin @ si @ HHM2015 |
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2703 |
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Author |
Noha Elfiky; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca |
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Compact and Adaptive Spatial Pyramids for Scene Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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30 |
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8 |
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492–500 |
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Most successful approaches on scenerecognition tend to efficiently combine global image features with spatial local appearance and shape cues. On the other hand, less attention has been devoted for studying spatial texture features within scenes. Our method is based on the insight that scenes can be seen as a composition of micro-texture patterns. This paper analyzes the role of texture along with its spatial layout for scenerecognition. However, one main drawback of the resulting spatial representation is its huge dimensionality. Hence, we propose a technique that addresses this problem by presenting a compactSpatialPyramid (SP) representation. The basis of our compact representation, namely, CompactAdaptiveSpatialPyramid (CASP) consists of a two-stages compression strategy. This strategy is based on the Agglomerative Information Bottleneck (AIB) theory for (i) compressing the least informative SP features, and, (ii) automatically learning the most appropriate shape for each category. Our method exceeds the state-of-the-art results on several challenging scenerecognition data sets. |
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Admin @ si @ EGR2012 |
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2004 |
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Carme Julia; Angel Sappa; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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An Iterative Multiresolution Scheme for SFM with Missing Data: single and multiple object scenes |
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2010 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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28 |
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1 |
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164-176 |
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Most of the techniques proposed for tackling the Structure from Motion problem (SFM) cannot deal with high percentages of missing data in the matrix of trajectories. Furthermore, an additional problem should be faced up when working with multiple object scenes: the rank of the matrix of trajectories should be estimated. This paper presents an iterative multiresolution scheme for SFM with missing data to be used in both the single and multiple object cases. The proposed scheme aims at recovering missing entries in the original input matrix. The objective is to improve the results by applying a factorization technique to the partially or totally filled in matrix instead of to the original input one. Experimental results obtained with synthetic and real data sequences, containing single and multiple objects, are presented to show the viability of the proposed approach. |
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0262-8856 |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ JSL2010 |
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1278 |
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Author |
Jordi Gonzalez; Dani Rowe; Javier Varona; Xavier Roca |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Understanding Dynamic Scenes based on Human Sequence Evaluation |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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27 |
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10 |
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1433–1444 |
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Image Sequence Evaluation; High-level processing of monitored scenes; Segmentation and tracking in complex scenes; Event recognition in dynamic scenes; Human motion understanding; Human behaviour interpretation; Natural-language text generation; Realistic demonstrators |
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In this paper, a Cognitive Vision System (CVS) is presented, which explains the human behaviour of monitored scenes using natural-language texts. This cognitive analysis of human movements recorded in image sequences is here referred to as Human Sequence Evaluation (HSE) which defines a set of transformation modules involved in the automatic generation of semantic descriptions from pixel values. In essence, the trajectories of human agents are obtained to generate textual interpretations of their motion, and also to infer the conceptual relationships of each agent w.r.t. its environment. For this purpose, a human behaviour model based on Situation Graph Trees (SGTs) is considered, which permits both bottom-up (hypothesis generation) and top-down (hypothesis refinement) analysis of dynamic scenes. The resulting system prototype interprets different kinds of behaviour and reports textual descriptions in multiple languages. |
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ISE @ ise @ GRV2009 |
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1211 |
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Oriol Pujol; Debora Gil; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Fundamentals of Stop and Go active models |
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2005 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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23 |
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8 |
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681-691 |
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Deformable models; Geodesic snakes; Region-based segmentation |
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An efficient snake formulation should conform to the idea of picking the smoothest curve among all the shapes approximating an object of interest. In current geodesic snakes, the regularizing curvature also affects the convergence stage, hindering the latter at concave regions. In the present work, we make use of characteristic functions to define a novel geodesic formulation that decouples regularity and convergence. This term decoupling endows the snake with higher adaptability to non-convex shapes. Convergence is ensured by splitting the definition of the external force into an attractive vector field and a repulsive one. In our paper, we propose to use likelihood maps as approximation of characteristic functions of object appearance. The better efficiency and accuracy of our decoupled scheme are illustrated in the particular case of feature space-based segmentation. |
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Butterworth-Heinemann |
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Newton, MA, USA |
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IAM;MILAB;HuPBA |
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IAM @ iam @ PGR2005 |
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T. Widemann; Xavier Otazu |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Titanias radius and an upper limit on its atmosphere from the September 8, 2001 stellar occultation |
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2009 |
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International Journal of Solar System Studies |
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199 |
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2 |
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458–476 |
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Occultations; Uranus, satellites; Satellites, shapes; Satellites, dynamics; Ices; Satellites, atmospheres |
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On September 8, 2001 around 2 h UT, the largest uranian moon, Titania, occulted Hipparcos star 106829 (alias SAO 164538, a V=7.2, K0 III star). This was the first-ever observed occultation by this satellite, a rare event as Titania subtends only 0.11 arcsec on the sky. The star's unusual brightness allowed many observers, both amateurs or professionals, to monitor this unique event, providing fifty-seven occultations chords over three continents, all reported here. Selecting the best 27 occultation chords, and assuming a circular limb, we derive Titania's radius: View the MathML source (1-σ error bar). This implies a density of View the MathML source using the value View the MathML source derived by Taylor [Taylor, D.B., 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 330, 362–374]. We do not detect any significant difference between equatorial and polar radii, in the limit View the MathML source, in agreement with Voyager limb image retrieval during the 1986 flyby. Titania's offset with respect to the DE405 + URA027 (based on GUST86 theory) ephemeris is derived: ΔαTcos(δT)=−108±13 mas and ΔδT=−62±7 mas (ICRF J2000.0 system). Most of this offset is attributable to a Uranus' barycentric offset with respect to DE405, that we estimate to be: View the MathML source and ΔδU=−85±25 mas at the moment of occultation. This offset is confirmed by another Titania stellar occultation observed on August 1st, 2003, which provides an offset of ΔαTcos(δT)=−127±20 mas and ΔδT=−97±13 mas for the satellite. The combined ingress and egress data do not show any significant hint for atmospheric refraction, allowing us to set surface pressure limits at the level of 10–20 nbar. More specifically, we find an upper limit of 13 nbar (1-σ level) at 70 K and 17 nbar at 80 K, for a putative isothermal CO2 atmosphere. We also provide an upper limit of 8 nbar for a possible CH4 atmosphere, and 22 nbar for pure N2, again at the 1-σ level. We finally constrain the stellar size using the time-resolved star disappearance and reappearance at ingress and egress. We find an angular diameter of 0.54±0.03 mas (corresponding to View the MathML source projected at Titania). With a distance of 170±25 parsecs, this corresponds to a radius of 9.8±0.2 solar radii for HIP 106829, typical of a K0 III giant. |
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Fernando Vilariño; Stephan Ameling; Gerard Lacey; Stephen Patchett; Hugh Mulcahy |
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Title |
Eye Tracking Search Patterns in Expert and Trainee Colonoscopists: A Novel Method of Assessing Endoscopic Competency? |
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2009 |
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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy |
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370 |
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fernando @ fernando @ |
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2420 |
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Joan Marc Llargues Asensio; Juan Peralta; Raul Arrabales; Manuel Gonzalez Bedia; Paulo Cortez; Antonio Lopez |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Artificial Intelligence Approaches for the Generation and Assessment of Believable Human-Like Behaviour in Virtual Characters |
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2014 |
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Expert Systems With Applications |
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EXSY |
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41 |
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16 |
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7281–7290 |
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Turing test; Human-like behaviour; Believability; Non-player characters; Cognitive architectures; Genetic algorithm; Artificial neural networks |
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Having artificial agents to autonomously produce human-like behaviour is one of the most ambitious original goals of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and remains an open problem nowadays. The imitation game originally proposed by Turing constitute a very effective method to prove the indistinguishability of an artificial agent. The behaviour of an agent is said to be indistinguishable from that of a human when observers (the so-called judges in the Turing test) cannot tell apart humans and non-human agents. Different environments, testing protocols, scopes and problem domains can be established to develop limited versions or variants of the original Turing test. In this paper we use a specific version of the Turing test, based on the international BotPrize competition, built in a First-Person Shooter video game, where both human players and non-player characters interact in complex virtual environments. Based on our past experience both in the BotPrize competition and other robotics and computer game AI applications we have developed three new more advanced controllers for believable agents: two based on a combination of the CERA–CRANIUM and SOAR cognitive architectures and other based on ADANN, a system for the automatic evolution and adaptation of artificial neural networks. These two new agents have been put to the test jointly with CCBot3, the winner of BotPrize 2010 competition (Arrabales et al., 2012), and have showed a significant improvement in the humanness ratio. Additionally, we have confronted all these bots to both First-person believability assessment (BotPrize original judging protocol) and Third-person believability assessment, demonstrating that the active involvement of the judge has a great impact in the recognition of human-like behaviour. |
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Admin @ si @ LPA2014 |
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Carles Fernandez; Pau Baiget; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Determining the Best Suited Semantic Events for Cognitive Surveillance |
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2011 |
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Expert Systems with Applications |
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EXSY |
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38 |
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4 |
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4068–4079 |
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Cognitive surveillance; Event modeling; Content-based video retrieval; Ontologies; Advanced user interfaces |
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State-of-the-art systems on cognitive surveillance identify and describe complex events in selected domains, thus providing end-users with tools to easily access the contents of massive video footage. Nevertheless, as the complexity of events increases in semantics and the types of indoor/outdoor scenarios diversify, it becomes difficult to assess which events describe better the scene, and how to model them at a pixel level to fulfill natural language requests. We present an ontology-based methodology that guides the identification, step-by-step modeling, and generalization of the most relevant events to a specific domain. Our approach considers three steps: (1) end-users provide textual evidence from surveilled video sequences; (2) transcriptions are analyzed top-down to build the knowledge bases for event description; and (3) the obtained models are used to generalize event detection to different image sequences from the surveillance domain. This framework produces user-oriented knowledge that improves on existing advanced interfaces for video indexing and retrieval, by determining the best suited events for video understanding according to end-users. We have conducted experiments with outdoor and indoor scenes showing thefts, chases, and vandalism, demonstrating the feasibility and generalization of this proposal. |
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Elsevier |
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Admin @ si @ FBR2011a |
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1722 |
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Kaida Xiao; Chenyang Fu; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Visual Gamma Correction for LCD Displays |
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2011 |
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Displays |
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DIS |
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32 |
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1 |
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17-23 |
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Display calibration; Psychophysics ; Perceptual; Visual gamma correction; Luminance matching; Observer-based calibration |
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An improved method for visual gamma correction is developed for LCD displays to increase the accuracy of digital colour reproduction. Rather than utilising a photometric measurement device, we use observ- ers’ visual luminance judgements for gamma correction. Eight half tone patterns were designed to gen- erate relative luminances from 1/9 to 8/9 for each colour channel. A psychophysical experiment was conducted on an LCD display to find the digital signals corresponding to each relative luminance by visually matching the half-tone background to a uniform colour patch. Both inter- and intra-observer vari- ability for the eight luminance matches in each channel were assessed and the luminance matches proved to be consistent across observers (DE00 < 3.5) and repeatable (DE00 < 2.2). Based on the individual observer judgements, the display opto-electronic transfer function (OETF) was estimated by using either a 3rd order polynomial regression or linear interpolation for each colour channel. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by predicting the CIE tristimulus values of a set of coloured patches (using the observer-based OETFs) and comparing them to the expected CIE tristimulus values (using the OETF obtained from spectro-radiometric luminance measurements). The resulting colour differences range from 2 to 4.6 DE00. We conclude that this observer-based method of visual gamma correction is useful to estimate the OETF for LCD displays. Its major advantage is that no particular functional relationship between digital inputs and luminance outputs has to be assumed. |
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Admin @ si @ XFK2011 |
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