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	Author	Francisco Cruz; Oriol Ramos Terrades
	Title	Handwritten Line Detection via an EM Algorithm			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	718-722
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present a handwritten line segmentation method devised to work on documents composed of several paragraphs with multiple line orientations. The method is based on a variation of the EM algorithm for the estimation of a set of regression lines between the connected components that compose the image. We evaluated our method on the ICDAR2009 handwriting segmentation contest dataset with promising results that overcome most of the presented methods. In addition, we prove the usability of the presented method by performing line segmentation on the George Washington database obtaining encouraging results.
	Address	Washington; USA; August 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-5363	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CrT2013			Serial	2329
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	Author	Albert Gordo; Marçal Rusiñol; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Andrew Bagdanov
	Title	Document Classification and Page Stream Segmentation for Digital Mailroom Applications			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	621-625
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present a method for the segmentation of continuous page streams into multipage documents and the simultaneous classification of the resulting documents. We first present an approach to combine the multiple pages of a document into a single feature vector that represents the whole document. Despite its simplicity and low computational cost, the proposed representation yields results comparable to more complex methods in multipage document classification tasks. We then exploit this representation in the context of page stream segmentation. The most plausible segmentation of a page stream into a sequence of multipage documents is obtained by optimizing a statistical model that represents the probability of each segmented multipage document belonging to a particular class. Experimental results are reported on a large sample of real administrative multipage documents.
	Address	Washington; USA; August 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-5363	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG; 600.056; 602.101			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GRK2013c			Serial	2345
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	Author	David Aldavert; Marçal Rusiñol; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados
	Title	Integrating Visual and Textual Cues for Query-by-String Word Spotting			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	511 - 515
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper, we present a word spotting framework that follows the query-by-string paradigm where word images are represented both by textual and visual representations. The textual representation is formulated in terms of character $n$-grams while the visual one is based on the bag-of-visual-words scheme. These two representations are merged together and projected to a sub-vector space. This transform allows to, given a textual query, retrieve word instances that were only represented by the visual modality. Moreover, this statistical representation can be used together with state-of-the-art indexation structures in order to deal with large-scale scenarios. The proposed method is evaluated using a collection of historical documents outperforming state-of-the-art performances.
	Address	Washington; USA; August 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-5363	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG; ADAS; 600.045; 600.055; 600.061			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ART2013			Serial	2224
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	Author	Andreas Fischer; Volkmar Frinken; Horst Bunke; Ching Y. Suen
	Title	Improving HMM-Based Keyword Spotting with Character Language Models			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	506-510
	Keywords
	Abstract	Facing high error rates and slow recognition speed for full text transcription of unconstrained handwriting images, keyword spotting is a promising alternative to locate specific search terms within scanned document images. We have previously proposed a learning-based method for keyword spotting using character hidden Markov models that showed a high performance when compared with traditional template image matching. In the lexicon-free approach pursued, only the text appearance was taken into account for recognition. In this paper, we integrate character n-gram language models into the spotting system in order to provide an additional language context. On the modern IAM database as well as the historical George Washington database, we demonstrate that character language models significantly improve the spotting performance.
	Address	Washington; USA; August 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-5363	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG; 600.045; 605.203			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FFB2013			Serial	2295
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	Author	Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas
	Title	Multi-script Text Extraction from Natural Scenes			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	467-471
	Keywords
	Abstract	Scene text extraction methodologies are usually based in classification of individual regions or patches, using a priori knowledge for a given script or language. Human perception of text, on the other hand, is based on perceptual organisation through which text emerges as a perceptually significant group of atomic objects. Therefore humans are able to detect text even in languages and scripts never seen before. In this paper, we argue that the text extraction problem could be posed as the detection of meaningful groups of regions. We present a method built around a perceptual organisation framework that exploits collaboration of proximity and similarity laws to create text-group hypotheses. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is competitive with state of the art approaches on a standard dataset covering text in variable orientations and two languages.
	Address	Washington; USA; August 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-5363	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG; 600.056; 601.158; 601.197			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GoK2013			Serial	2310
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	Author	Javier Marin; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Jaume Amores; Bastian Leibe
	Title	Random Forests of Local Experts for Pedestrian Detection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	2592 - 2599
	Keywords	ADAS; Random Forest; Pedestrian Detection
	Abstract	Pedestrian detection is one of the most challenging tasks in computer vision, and has received a lot of attention in the last years. Recently, some authors have shown the advantages of using combinations of part/patch-based detectors in order to cope with the large variability of poses and the existence of partial occlusions. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detection method that efficiently combines multiple local experts by means of a Random Forest ensemble. The proposed method works with rich block-based representations such as HOG and LBP, in such a way that the same features are reused by the multiple local experts, so that no extra computational cost is needed with respect to a holistic method. Furthermore, we demonstrate how to integrate the proposed approach with a cascaded architecture in order to achieve not only high accuracy but also an acceptable efficiency. In particular, the resulting detector operates at five frames per second using a laptop machine. We tested the proposed method with well-known challenging datasets such as Caltech, ETH, Daimler, and INRIA. The method proposed in this work consistently ranks among the top performers in all the datasets, being either the best method or having a small difference with the best one.
	Address	Sydney; Australia; December 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1550-5499	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICCV
	Notes	ADAS; 600.057; 600.054			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ MVL2013			Serial	2333
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	Author	Gemma Roig; Xavier Boix; R. de Nijs; Sebastian Ramos; K. Kühnlenz; Luc Van Gool
	Title	Active MAP Inference in CRFs for Efficient Semantic Segmentation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	2312 - 2319
	Keywords	Semantic Segmentation
	Abstract	Most MAP inference algorithms for CRFs optimize an energy function knowing all the potentials. In this paper, we focus on CRFs where the computational cost of instantiating the potentials is orders of magnitude higher than MAP inference. This is often the case in semantic image segmentation, where most potentials are instantiated by slow classifiers fed with costly features. We introduce Active MAP inference 1) to on-the-fly select a subset of potentials to be instantiated in the energy function, leaving the rest of the parameters of the potentials unknown, and 2) to estimate the MAP labeling from such incomplete energy function. Results for semantic segmentation benchmarks, namely PASCAL VOC 2010 [5] and MSRC-21 [19], show that Active MAP inference achieves similar levels of accuracy but with major efficiency gains.
	Address	Sydney; Australia; December 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1550-5499	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICCV
	Notes	ADAS; 600.057			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ RBN2013			Serial	2377
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	Author	Fares Alnajar; Theo Gevers; Roberto Valenti; Sennay Ghebreab
	Title	Calibration-free Gaze Estimation using Human Gaze Patterns			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	137-144
	Keywords
	Abstract	We present a novel method to auto-calibrate gaze estimators based on gaze patterns obtained from other viewers. Our method is based on the observation that the gaze patterns of humans are indicative of where a new viewer will look at [12]. When a new viewer is looking at a stimulus, we first estimate a topology of gaze points (initial gaze points). Next, these points are transformed so that they match the gaze patterns of other humans to find the correct gaze points. In a flexible uncalibrated setup with a web camera and no chin rest, the proposed method was tested on ten subjects and ten images. The method estimates the gaze points after looking at a stimulus for a few seconds with an average accuracy of 4.3 im. Although the reported performance is lower than what could be achieved with dedicated hardware or calibrated setup, the proposed method still provides a sufficient accuracy to trace the viewer attention. This is promising considering the fact that auto-calibration is done in a flexible setup , without the use of a chin rest, and based only on a few seconds of gaze initialization data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use human gaze patterns in order to auto-calibrate gaze estimators.
	Address	Sydney
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICCV
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ AGV2013			Serial	2365
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	Author	Hamdi Dibeklioglu; Albert Ali Salah; Theo Gevers
	Title	Like Father, Like Son: Facial Expression Dynamics for Kinship Verification			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1497-1504
	Keywords
	Abstract	Kinship veriﬁcation from facial appearance is a difﬁcult problem. This paper explores the possibility of employing facial expression dynamics in this problem. By using features that describe facial dynamics and spatio-temporal appearance over smile expressions, we show that it is possible to improve the state of the art in this problem, and verify that it is indeed possible to recognize kinship by resemblance of facial expressions. The proposed method is tested on different kin relationships. On the average, 72.89% veriﬁcation accuracy is achieved on spontaneous smiles.
	Address	Sydney
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICCV
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DSG2013			Serial	2366
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	Author	Jon Almazan; Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny
	Title	Handwritten Word Spotting with Corrected Attributes			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	15th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1017-1024
	Keywords
	Abstract	We propose an approach to multi-writer word spotting, where the goal is to find a query word in a dataset comprised of document images. We propose an attributes-based approach that leads to a low-dimensional, fixed-length representation of the word images that is fast to compute and, especially, fast to compare. This approach naturally leads to an unified representation of word images and strings, which seamlessly allows one to indistinctly perform query-by-example, where the query is an image, and query-by-string, where the query is a string. We also propose a calibration scheme to correct the attributes scores based on Canonical Correlation Analysis that greatly improves the results on a challenging dataset. We test our approach on two public datasets showing state-of-the-art results.
	Address	Sydney; Australia; December 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1550-5499	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICCV
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ AGF2013			Serial	2327
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	Author	Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Fernando Vilariño
	Title	Impact of Image Preprocessing Methods on Polyp Localization in Colonoscopy Frames			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	7350 - 7354
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present our image preprocessing methods as a key part of our automatic polyp localization scheme. These methods are used to assess the impact of different endoluminal scene elements when characterizing polyps. More precisely we tackle the influence of specular highlights, blood vessels and black mask surrounding the scene. Experimental results prove that the appropriate handling of these elements leads to a great improvement in polyp localization results.
	Address	Osaka; Japan; July 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1557-170X	ISBN		Medium
	Area	800	Expedition		Conference	EMBC
	Notes	MV; 600.047; 600.060;SIAI			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BSV2013			Serial	2286
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	Author	Andreas Møgelmose; Chris Bahnsen; Thomas B. Moeslund; Albert Clapes; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Tri-modal Person Re-identification with RGB, Depth and Thermal Features			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	9th IEEE Workshop on Perception beyond the visible Spectrum, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	301-307
	Keywords
	Abstract	Person re-identification is about recognizing people who have passed by a sensor earlier. Previous work is mainly based on RGB data, but in this work we for the first time present a system where we combine RGB, depth, and thermal data for re-identification purposes. First, from each of the three modalities, we obtain some particular features: from RGB data, we model color information from different regions of the body, from depth data, we compute different soft body biometrics, and from thermal data, we extract local structural information. Then, the three information types are combined in a joined classifier. The tri-modal system is evaluated on a new RGB-D-T dataset, showing successful results in re-identification scenarios.
	Address	Portland; oregon; June 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-7695-4990-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CVPRW
	Notes	HUPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MBM2013			Serial	2253
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	Author	Fadi Dornaika; Bogdan Raducanu
	Title	Out-of-Sample Embedding for Manifold Learning Applied to Face Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	IEEE International Workshop on Analysis and Modeling of Faces and Gestures	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	862-868
	Keywords
	Abstract	Manifold learning techniques are affected by two critical aspects: (i) the design of the adjacency graphs, and (ii) the embedding of new test data---the out-of-sample problem. For the first aspect, the proposed schemes were heuristically driven. For the second aspect, the difficulty resides in finding an accurate mapping that transfers unseen data samples into an existing manifold. Past works addressing these two aspects were heavily parametric in the sense that the optimal performance is only reached for a suitable parameter choice that should be known in advance. In this paper, we demonstrate that sparse coding theory not only serves for automatic graph reconstruction as shown in recent works, but also represents an accurate alternative for out-of-sample embedding. Considering for a case study the Laplacian Eigenmaps, we applied our method to the face recognition problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed out-of-sample embedding, experiments are conducted using the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVM) classifiers on four public face databases. The experimental results show that the proposed model is able to achieve high categorization effectiveness as well as high consistency with non-linear embeddings/manifolds obtained in batch modes.
	Address	Portland; USA; June 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CVPRW
	Notes	OR; 600.046;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DoR2013			Serial	2236
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	Author	David Vazquez; Jiaolong Xu; Sebastian Ramos; Antonio Lopez; Daniel Ponsa
	Title	Weakly Supervised Automatic Annotation of Pedestrian Bounding Boxes			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	CVPR Workshop on Ground Truth – What is a good dataset?	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	706 - 711
	Keywords	Pedestrian Detection; Domain Adaptation
	Abstract	Among the components of a pedestrian detector, its trained pedestrian classifier is crucial for achieving the desired performance. The initial task of the training process consists in collecting samples of pedestrians and background, which involves tiresome manual annotation of pedestrian bounding boxes (BBs). Thus, recent works have assessed the use of automatically collected samples from photo-realistic virtual worlds. However, learning from virtual-world samples and testing in real-world images may suffer the dataset shift problem. Accordingly, in this paper we assess an strategy to collect samples from the real world and retrain with them, thus avoiding the dataset shift, but in such a way that no BBs of real-world pedestrians have to be provided. In particular, we train a pedestrian classifier based on virtual-world samples (no human annotation required). Then, using such a classifier we collect pedestrian samples from real-world images by detection. After, a human oracle rejects the false detections efficiently (weak annotation). Finally, a new classifier is trained with the accepted detections. We show that this classifier is competitive with respect to the counterpart trained with samples collected by manually annotating hundreds of pedestrian BBs.
	Address	Portland; Oregon; June 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CVPRW
	Notes	ADAS; 600.054; 600.057; 601.217			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ VXR2013a			Serial	2219
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	Author	Jiaolong Xu; David Vazquez; Sebastian Ramos; Antonio Lopez; Daniel Ponsa
	Title	Adapting a Pedestrian Detector by Boosting LDA Exemplar Classifiers			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	CVPR Workshop on Ground Truth – What is a good dataset?	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	688 - 693
	Keywords	Pedestrian Detection; Domain Adaptation
	Abstract	Training vision-based pedestrian detectors using synthetic datasets (virtual world) is a useful technique to collect automatically the training examples with their pixel-wise ground truth. However, as it is often the case, these detectors must operate in real-world images, experiencing a significant drop of their performance. In fact, this effect also occurs among different real-world datasets, i.e. detectors' accuracy drops when the training data (source domain) and the application scenario (target domain) have inherent differences. Therefore, in order to avoid this problem, it is required to adapt the detector trained with synthetic data to operate in the real-world scenario. In this paper, we propose a domain adaptation approach based on boosting LDA exemplar classifiers from both virtual and real worlds. We evaluate our proposal on multiple real-world pedestrian detection datasets. The results show that our method can efficiently adapt the exemplar classifiers from virtual to real world, avoiding drops in average precision over the 15%.
	Address	Portland; oregon; June 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language	English	Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CVPRW
	Notes	ADAS; 600.054; 600.057; 601.217			Approved	yes
	Call Number	XVR2013; ADAS @ adas @ xvr2013a			Serial	2220
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