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	Author	Albert Clapes; Miguel Reyes; Sergio Escalera
	Title	User Identification and Object Recognition in Clutter Scenes Based on RGB-Depth Analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	7th Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7378	Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords
	Abstract	We propose an automatic system for user identification and object recognition based on multi-modal RGB-Depth data analysis. We model a RGBD environment learning a pixel-based background Gaussian distribution. Then, user and object candidate regions are detected and recognized online using robust statistical approaches over RGBD descriptions. Finally, the system saves the historic of user-object assignments, being specially useful for surveillance scenarios. The system has been evaluated on a novel data set containing different indoor/outdoor scenarios, objects, and users, showing accurate recognition and better performance than standard state-of-the-art approaches.
	Address	Mallorca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31566-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	AMDO
	Notes	HUPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CRE2012			Serial	2010
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	Author	Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa
	Title	Evaluation of Similarity Functions in Multimodal Stereo			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7324	Issue	I	Pages	320-329
	Keywords	Aveiro, Portugal
	Abstract	This paper presents an evaluation framework for multimodal stereo matching, which allows to compare the performance of four similarity functions. Additionally, it presents details of a multimodal stereo head that supply thermal infrared and color images, as well as, aspects of its calibration and rectification. The pipeline includes a novel method for the disparity selection, which is suitable for evaluating the similarity functions. Finally, a benchmark for comparing different initializations of the proposed framework is presented. Similarity functions are based on mutual information, gradient orientation and scale space representations. Their evaluation is performed using two metrics: i) disparity error, and ii) number of correct matches on planar regions. In addition to the proposed evaluation, the current paper also shows that 3D sparse representations can be recovered from such a multimodal stereo head.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31294-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICIAR
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	BLS2012a			Serial	2014
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	Author	Miguel Oliveira; Angel Sappa; V. Santos
	Title	Color Correction using 3D Gaussian Mixture Models			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7324	Issue	I	Pages	97-106
	Keywords
	Abstract	The current paper proposes a novel color correction approach based on a probabilistic segmentation framework by using 3D Gaussian Mixture Models. Regions are used to compute local color correction functions, which are then combined to obtain the final corrected image. The proposed approach is evaluated using both a recently published metric and two large data sets composed of seventy images. The evaluation is performed by comparing our algorithm with eight well known color correction algorithms. Results show that the proposed approach is the highest scoring color correction method. Also, the proposed single step 3D color space probabilistic segmentation reduces processing time over similar approaches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	10.1007/978-3-642-31295-3_12	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICIAR
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ OSS2012a			Serial	2015
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	Author	Jose Manuel Alvarez; Theo Gevers; Y. LeCun; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Road Scene Segmentation from a Single Image			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7578	Issue	VII	Pages	376-389
	Keywords	road detection
	Abstract	Road scene segmentation is important in computer vision for different applications such as autonomous driving and pedestrian detection. Recovering the 3D structure of road scenes provides relevant contextual information to improve their understanding. In this paper, we use a convolutional neural network based algorithm to learn features from noisy labels to recover the 3D scene layout of a road image. The novelty of the algorithm relies on generating training labels by applying an algorithm trained on a general image dataset to classify on–board images. Further, we propose a novel texture descriptor based on a learned color plane fusion to obtain maximal uniformity in road areas. Finally, acquired (off–line) and current (on–line) information are combined to detect road areas in single images. From quantitative and qualitative experiments, conducted on publicly available datasets, it is concluded that convolutional neural networks are suitable for learning 3D scene layout from noisy labels and provides a relative improvement of 7% compared to the baseline. Furthermore, combining color planes provides a statistical description of road areas that exhibits maximal uniformity and provides a relative improvement of 8% compared to the baseline. Finally, the improvement is even bigger when acquired and current information from a single image are combined
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33785-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ADAS;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ AGL2012; ADAS @ adas @ agl2012a			Serial	2022
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	Author	Ivo Everts; Jan van Gemert; Theo Gevers
	Title	Per-patch Descriptor Selection using Surface and Scene Properties			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7577	Issue	VI	Pages	172-186
	Keywords
	Abstract	Local image descriptors are generally designed for describing all possible image patches. Such patches may be subject to complex variations in appearance due to incidental object, scene and recording conditions. Because of this, a single-best descriptor for accurate image representation under all conditions does not exist. Therefore, we propose to automatically select from a pool of descriptors the one that is best suitable based on object surface and scene properties. These properties are measured on the fly from a single image patch through a set of attributes. Attributes are input to a classifier which selects the best descriptor. Our experiments on a large dataset of colored object patches show that the proposed selection method outperforms the best single descriptor and a-priori combinations of the descriptor pool.
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33782-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ EGG2012			Serial	2023
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	Author	Hamdi Dibeklioglu; Theo Gevers; Albert Ali Salah
	Title	Are You Really Smiling at Me? Spontaneous versus Posed Enjoyment Smiles			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7574	Issue	III	Pages	525-538
	Keywords
	Abstract	Smiling is an indispensable element of nonverbal social interaction. Besides, automatic distinction between spontaneous and posed expressions is important for visual analysis of social signals. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to distinguish between spontaneous and posed enjoyment smiles by using the dynamics of eyelid, cheek, and lip corner movements. The discriminative power of these movements, and the effect of different fusion levels are investigated on multiple databases. Our results improve the state-of-the-art. We also introduce the largest spontaneous/posed enjoyment smile database collected to date, and report new empirical and conceptual findings on smile dynamics. The collected database consists of 1240 samples of 400 subjects. Moreover, it has the unique property of having an age range from 8 to 76 years. Large scale experiments on the new database indicate that eyelid dynamics are highly relevant for smile classification, and there are age-related differences in smile dynamics.
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33711-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DGS2012			Serial	2024
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	Author	Wenjuan Gong; Jordi Gonzalez; Joao Manuel R. S. Taveres; Xavier Roca
	Title	A New Image Dataset on Human Interactions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	7th Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7378	Issue		Pages	204-209
	Keywords
	Abstract	This article describes a new collection of still image dataset which are dedicated to interactions between people. Human action recognition from still images have been a hot topic recently, but most of them are actions performed by a single person, like running, walking, riding bikes, phoning and so on and there is no interactions between people in one image. The dataset collected in this paper are concentrating on human interaction between two people aiming to explore this new topic in the research area of action recognition from still images.
	Address	Mallorca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31566-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	AMDO
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GGT2012			Serial	2030
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	Author	Ekaterina Zaytseva; Santiago Segui; Jordi Vitria
	Title	Sketchable Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Object Detection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	17th Iberomerican Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7441	Issue		Pages	374-381
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we investigate a new representation approach for visual object recognition. The new representation, called sketchable-HoG, extends the classical histogram of oriented gradients (HoG) feature by adding two different aspects: the stability of the majority orientation and the continuity of gradient orientations. In this way, the sketchable-HoG locally characterizes the complexity of an object model and introduces global structure information while still keeping simplicity, compactness and robustness. We evaluated the proposed image descriptor on publicly Catltech 101 dataset. The obtained results outperforms classical HoG descriptor as well as other reported descriptors in the literature.
	Address	Buenos Aires, Argentina
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33274-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CIARP
	Notes	OR; MILAB;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ZSV2012			Serial	2048
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	Author	Volkmar Frinken; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Jean-Marc Ogier
	Title	Bidirectional Language Model for Handwriting Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, Joint IAPR International Workshop	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7626	Issue		Pages	611-619
	Keywords
	Abstract	In order to improve the results of automatically recognized handwritten text, information about the language is commonly included in the recognition process. A common approach is to represent a text line as a sequence. It is processed in one direction and the language information via n-grams is directly included in the decoding. This approach, however, only uses context on one side to estimate a word’s probability. Therefore, we propose a bidirectional recognition in this paper, using distinct forward and a backward language models. By combining decoding hypotheses from both directions, we achieve a significant increase in recognition accuracy for the off-line writer independent handwriting recognition task. Both language models are of the same type and can be estimated on the same corpus. Hence, the increase in recognition accuracy comes without any additional need for training data or language modeling complexity.
	Address	Japan
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-34165-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	SSPR&SPR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FFL2012			Serial	2057
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	Author	Angel Sappa; David Geronimo; Fadi Dornaika; Mohammad Rouhani; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Moving object detection from mobile platforms using stereo data registration			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2012	Publication	Computational Intelligence paradigms in advanced pattern classification	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	386	Issue		Pages	25-37
	Keywords	pedestrian detection
	Abstract	This chapter describes a robust approach for detecting moving objects from on-board stereo vision systems. It relies on a feature point quaternion-based registration, which avoids common problems that appear when computationally expensive iterative-based algorithms are used on dynamic environments. The proposed approach consists of three main stages. Initially, feature points are extracted and tracked through consecutive 2D frames. Then, a RANSAC based approach is used for registering two point sets, with known correspondences in the 3D space. The computed 3D rigid displacement is used to map two consecutive 3D point clouds into the same coordinate system by means of the quaternion method. Finally, moving objects correspond to those areas with large 3D registration errors. Experimental results show the viability of the proposed approach to detect moving objects like vehicles or pedestrians in different urban scenarios.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	Marek R. Ogiela; Lakhmi C. Jain
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1860-949X	ISBN	978-3-642-24048-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SGD2012			Serial	2061
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	Author	Pau Baiget; Carles Fernandez; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez
	Title	Trajectory-Based Abnormality Categorization for Learning Route Patterns in Surveillance			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2012	Publication	Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues, Studies in Computational Intelligence	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	384	Issue	3	Pages	87-95
	Keywords
	Abstract	The recognition of abnormal behaviors in video sequences has raised as a hot topic in video understanding research. Particularly, an important challenge resides on automatically detecting abnormality. However, there is no convention about the types of anomalies that training data should derive. In surveillance, these are typically detected when new observations differ substantially from observed, previously learned behavior models, which represent normality. This paper focuses on properly defining anomalies within trajectory analysis: we propose a hierarchical representation conformed by Soft, Intermediate, and Hard Anomaly, which are identified from the extent and nature of deviation from learned models. Towards this end, a novel Gaussian Mixture Model representation of learned route patterns creates a probabilistic map of the image plane, which is applied to detect and classify anomalies in real-time. Our method overcomes limitations of similar existing approaches, and performs correctly even when the tracking is affected by different sources of noise. The reliability of our approach is demonstrated experimentally.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1860-949X	ISBN	978-3-642-24033-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BFR2012			Serial	2062
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	Author	Miguel Angel Bautista; Antonio Hernandez; Victor Ponce; Xavier Perez Sala; Xavier Baro; Oriol Pujol; Cecilio Angulo; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Probability-based Dynamic TimeWarping for Gesture Recognition on RGB-D data			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition International Workshop on Depth Image Analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7854	Issue		Pages	126-135
	Keywords
	Abstract	Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is commonly used in gesture recognition tasks in order to tackle the temporal length variability of gestures. In the DTW framework, a set of gesture patterns are compared one by one to a maybe infinite test sequence, and a query gesture category is recognized if a warping cost below a certain threshold is found within the test sequence. Nevertheless, either taking one single sample per gesture category or a set of isolated samples may not encode the variability of such gesture category. In this paper, a probability-based DTW for gesture recognition is proposed. Different samples of the same gesture pattern obtained from RGB-Depth data are used to build a Gaussian-based probabilistic model of the gesture. Finally, the cost of DTW has been adapted accordingly to the new model. The proposed approach is tested in a challenging scenario, showing better performance of the probability-based DTW in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches for gesture recognition on RGB-D data.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-40302-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	WDIA
	Notes	MILAB; OR;HuPBA;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BHP2012			Serial	2120
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	Author	Miguel Reyes; Albert Clapes; Luis Felipe Mejia; Jose Ramirez; Juan R Revilla; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Posture Analysis and Range of Movement Estimation using Depth Maps			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	21st International Conference on Pattern Recognition International Workshop on Depth Image Analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7854	Issue		Pages	97-105
	Keywords
	Abstract	World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the world population is affected of back pain during his life. Current practices to analyze back problems are expensive, subjective, and invasive. In this work, we propose a novel tool for posture and range of movement estimation based on the analysis of 3D information from depth maps. Given a set of keypoints defined by the user, RGB and depth data are aligned, depth surface is reconstructed, keypoints are matching using a novel point-to-point fitting procedure, and accurate measurements about posture, spinal curvature, and range of movement are computed. The system shows high precision and reliable measurements, being useful for posture reeducation purposes to prevent musculoskeletal disorders, such as back pain, as well as tracking the posture evolution of patients in rehabilitation treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-40302-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	WDIA
	Notes	HuPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RCM2012			Serial	2121
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	Author	Klaus Broelemann; Anjan Dutta; Xiaoyi Jiang; Josep Llados
	Title	Hierarchical graph representation for symbol spotting in graphical document images			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition, Joint IAPR International Workshop	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7626	Issue		Pages	529-538
	Keywords
	Abstract	Symbol spotting can be defined as locating given query symbol in a large collection of graphical documents. In this paper we present a hierarchical graph representation for symbols. This representation allows graph matching methods to deal with low-level vectorization errors and, thus, to perform a robust symbol spotting. To show the potential of this approach, we conduct an experiment with the SESYD dataset.
	Address	Miyajima-Itsukushima, Hiroshima
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-34165-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	SSPR&SPR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BDJ2012			Serial	2126
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	Author	David Masip; Alexander Todorov; Jordi Vitria
	Title	The Role of Facial Regions in Evaluating Social Dime			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision – Workshops and Demonstrations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7584	Issue	II	Pages	210-219
	Keywords	Workshops and Demonstrations
	Abstract	Facial trait judgments are an important information cue for people. Recent works in the Psychology field have stated the basis of face evaluation, defining a set of traits that we evaluate from faces (e.g. dominance, trustworthiness, aggressiveness, attractiveness, threatening or intelligence among others). We rapidly infer information from others faces, usually after a short period of time (< 1000ms) we perceive a certain degree of dominance or trustworthiness of another person from the face. Although these perceptions are not necessarily accurate, they influence many important social outcomes (such as the results of the elections or the court decisions). This topic has also attracted the attention of Computer Vision scientists, and recently a computational model to automatically predict trait evaluations from faces has been proposed. These systems try to mimic the human perception by means of applying machine learning classifiers to a set of labeled data. In this paper we perform an experimental study on the specific facial features that trigger the social inferences. Using previous results from the literature, we propose to use simple similarity maps to evaluate which regions of the face influence the most the trait inferences. The correlation analysis is performed using only appearance, and the results from the experiments suggest that each trait is correlated with specific facial characteristics.
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	Andrea Fusiello, Vittorio Murino, Rita Cucchiara
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33867-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	OR;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ MTV2012			Serial	2171
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