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	Author	Wenjuan Gong; Xuena Zhang; Jordi Gonzalez; Andrews Sobral; Thierry Bouwmans; Changhe Tu; El-hadi Zahzah
	Title	Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images: A Comprehensive Survey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Sensors	Abbreviated Journal	SENS
	Volume	16	Issue	12	Pages	1966
	Keywords	human pose estimation; human bodymodels; generativemethods; discriminativemethods; top-down methods; bottom-up methods
	Abstract	Human pose estimation refers to the estimation of the location of body parts and how they are connected in an image. Human pose estimation from monocular images has wide applications (e.g., image indexing). Several surveys on human pose estimation can be found in the literature, but they focus on a certain category; for example, model-based approaches or human motion analysis, etc. As far as we know, an overall review of this problem domain has yet to be provided. Furthermore, recent advancements based on deep learning have brought novel algorithms for this problem. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of human pose estimation from monocular images is carried out including milestone works and recent advancements. Based on one standard pipeline for the solution of computer vision problems, this survey splits the problem into several modules: feature extraction and description, human body models, and modeling methods. Problem modeling methods are approached based on two means of categorization in this survey. One way to categorize includes top-down and bottom-up methods, and another way includes generative and discriminative methods. Considering the fact that one direct application of human pose estimation is to provide initialization for automatic video surveillance, there are additional sections for motion-related methods in all modules: motion features, motion models, and motion-based methods. Finally, the paper also collects 26 publicly available data sets for validation and provides error measurement methods that are frequently used.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE; 600.098; 600.119			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GZG2016			Serial	2933
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	Author	Pichao Wang; Wanqing Li; Philip Ogunbona; Jun Wan; Sergio Escalera
	Title	RGB-D-based Human Motion Recognition with Deep Learning: A Survey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Computer Vision and Image Understanding	Abbreviated Journal	CVIU
	Volume	171	Issue		Pages	118-139
	Keywords	Human motion recognition; RGB-D data; Deep learning; Survey
	Abstract	Human motion recognition is one of the most important branches of human-centered research activities. In recent years, motion recognition based on RGB-D data has attracted much attention. Along with the development in artificial intelligence, deep learning techniques have gained remarkable success in computer vision. In particular, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have achieved great success for image-based tasks, and recurrent neural networks (RNN) are renowned for sequence-based problems. Specifically, deep learning methods based on the CNN and RNN architectures have been adopted for motion recognition using RGB-D data. In this paper, a detailed overview of recent advances in RGB-D-based motion recognition is presented. The reviewed methods are broadly categorized into four groups, depending on the modality adopted for recognition: RGB-based, depth-based, skeleton-based and RGB+D-based. As a survey focused on the application of deep learning to RGB-D-based motion recognition, we explicitly discuss the advantages and limitations of existing techniques. Particularly, we highlighted the methods of encoding spatial-temporal-structural information inherent in video sequence, and discuss potential directions for future research.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HUPBA; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ WLO2018			Serial	3123
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	Author	Daniel Sanchez; Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera
	Title	HuPBA 8k+: Dataset and ECOC-GraphCut based Segmentation of Human Limbs			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Neurocomputing	Abbreviated Journal	NEUCOM
	Volume	150	Issue	A	Pages	173–188
	Keywords	Human limb segmentation; ECOC; Graph-Cuts
	Abstract	Human multi-limb segmentation in RGB images has attracted a lot of interest in the research community because of the huge amount of possible applications in fields like Human-Computer Interaction, Surveillance, eHealth, or Gaming. Nevertheless, human multi-limb segmentation is a very hard task because of the changes in appearance produced by different points of view, clothing, lighting conditions, occlusions, and number of articulations of the human body. Furthermore, this huge pose variability makes the availability of large annotated datasets difficult. In this paper, we introduce the HuPBA8k+ dataset. The dataset contains more than 8000 labeled frames at pixel precision, including more than 120000 manually labeled samples of 14 different limbs. For completeness, the dataset is also labeled at frame-level with action annotations drawn from an 11 action dictionary which includes both single person actions and person-person interactive actions. Furthermore, we also propose a two-stage approach for the segmentation of human limbs. In a first stage, human limbs are trained using cascades of classifiers to be split in a tree-structure way, which is included in an Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework to define a body-like probability map. This map is used to obtain a binary mask of the subject by means of GMM color modelling and GraphCuts theory. In a second stage, we embed a similar tree-structure in an ECOC framework to build a more accurate set of limb-like probability maps within the segmented user mask, that are fed to a multi-label GraphCut procedure to obtain final multi-limb segmentation. The methodology is tested on the novel HuPBA8k+ dataset, showing performance improvements in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, a baseline of standard action recognition methods for the 11 actions categories of the novel dataset is also provided.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HuPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SBE2015			Serial	2552
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	Author	Miquel Angel Piera; Jose Luis Muñoz; Debora Gil; Gonzalo Martin; Jordi Manzano
	Title	A Socio-Technical Simulation Model for the Design of the Future Single Pilot Cockpit: An Opportunity to Improve Pilot Performance			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2022	Publication	IEEE Access	Abbreviated Journal	ACCESS
	Volume	10	Issue		Pages	22330-22343
	Keywords	Human factors ; Performance evaluation ; Simulation; Sociotechnical systems ; System performance
	Abstract	The future deployment of single pilot operations must be supported by new cockpit computer services. Such services require an adaptive context-aware integration of technical functionalities with the concurrent tasks that a pilot must deal with. Advanced artificial intelligence supporting services and improved communication capabilities are the key enabling technologies that will render future cockpits more integrated with the present digitalized air traffic management system. However, an issue in the integration of such technologies is the lack of socio-technical analysis in the design of these teaming mechanisms. A key factor in determining how and when a service support should be provided is the dynamic evolution of pilot workload. This paper investigates how the socio-technical model-based systems engineering approach paves the way for the design of a digital assistant framework by formalizing this workload. The model was validated in an Airbus A-320 cockpit simulator, and the results confirmed the degraded pilot behavioral model and the performance impact according to different contextual flight deck information. This study contributes to practical knowledge for designing human-machine task-sharing systems.
	Address	Feb 2022
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	IAM;			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ PMG2022			Serial	3697
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	Author	David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Intrusion Classification in Intelligent Video Surveillance Systems			Type	Report
	Year	2008	Publication	Estudis d'Enginyeria Superior en Informática	Abbreviated Journal	UAB
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Human detection; Car detection; Intrusion detection
	Abstract	An intelligent video surveillance system (IVS) is a camera-based installation able to process in real-time the images coming from the cameras. The aim is to automatically warn about different events of interest at the moment they happen. Daview system of Davantis is a com mercial example of IVS system. The problems addressed by any IVS system, and so Daview, are so challenging that none IVS system is perfect, thus, they need continuous improvement. Accordingly, this project aims to study different approaches in order to outperform current Daview performance, in particular, we bet for improving its classification core. We present an in deep study of the state of the art on IVS systems, as well as on how Daview works. Based on that knowledge, we propose four possibilities for improving Daview classification capabilities: improve existent classifiers; improve existing classifiers combination; create new classifiers and create new classifier-based architectures. Our main contribution has been the incorporation of state-of-the-art feature selection and machine learning techniques for the classification tasks, a viewpoint not fully addressed in current Daview system. After a comprehensive quantitative evaluation we will see how one of our proposals clearly outperforms the overall performance of current Daview system. In particular the classification core that we finally propose consists in an AdaBoost One-Against-All architecture that uses appearance and motion features that were already present in current Daview system
	Address	Bellaterra, Spain
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	PFC
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ VL2008a			Serial	1670
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	Author	Eloi Puertas; Miguel Angel Bautista; Daniel Sanchez; Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol
	Title	Learning to Segment Humans by Stacking their Body Parts,			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	ECCV Workshop on ChaLearn Looking at People	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8925	Issue		Pages	685-697
	Keywords	Human body segmentation; Stacked Sequential Learning
	Abstract	Human segmentation in still images is a complex task due to the wide range of body poses and drastic changes in environmental conditions. Usually, human body segmentation is treated in a two-stage fashion. First, a human body part detection step is performed, and then, human part detections are used as prior knowledge to be optimized by segmentation strategies. In this paper, we present a two-stage scheme based on Multi-Scale Stacked Sequential Learning (MSSL). We define an extended feature set by stacking a multi-scale decomposition of body part likelihood maps. These likelihood maps are obtained in a first stage by means of a ECOC ensemble of soft body part detectors. In a second stage, contextual relations of part predictions are learnt by a binary classifier, obtaining an accurate body confidence map. The obtained confidence map is fed to a graph cut optimization procedure to obtain the final segmentation. Results show improved segmentation when MSSL is included in the human segmentation pipeline.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	HuPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ PBS2014			Serial	2553
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	Author	Cristina Palmero; Albert Clapes; Chris Bahnsen; Andreas Møgelmose; Thomas B. Moeslund; Sergio Escalera
	Title	Multi-modal RGB-Depth-Thermal Human Body Segmentation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	International Journal of Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal	IJCV
	Volume	118	Issue	2	Pages	217-239
	Keywords	Human body segmentation; RGB ; Depth Thermal
	Abstract	This work addresses the problem of human body segmentation from multi-modal visual cues as a first stage of automatic human behavior analysis. We propose a novel RGB–depth–thermal dataset along with a multi-modal segmentation baseline. The several modalities are registered using a calibration device and a registration algorithm. Our baseline extracts regions of interest using background subtraction, defines a partitioning of the foreground regions into cells, computes a set of image features on those cells using different state-of-the-art feature extractions, and models the distribution of the descriptors per cell using probabilistic models. A supervised learning algorithm then fuses the output likelihoods over cells in a stacked feature vector representation. The baseline, using Gaussian mixture models for the probabilistic modeling and Random Forest for the stacked learning, is superior to other state-of-the-art methods, obtaining an overlap above 75 % on the novel dataset when compared to the manually annotated ground-truth of human segmentations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer US	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	HuPBA;MILAB;			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ PCB2016			Serial	2767
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	Author	Daniel Sanchez; J.C.Ortega; Miguel Angel Bautista
	Title	Human Body Segmentation with Multi-limb Error-Correcting Output Codes Detection and Graph Cuts Optimization			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	6th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7887	Issue		Pages	50-58
	Keywords	Human Body Segmentation; Error-Correcting Output Codes; Cascade of Classifiers; Graph Cuts
	Abstract	Human body segmentation is a hard task because of the high variability in appearance produced by changes in the point of view, lighting conditions, and number of articulations of the human body. In this paper, we propose a two-stage approach for the segmentation of the human body. In a first step, a set of human limbs are described, normalized to be rotation invariant, and trained using cascade of classifiers to be split in a tree structure way. Once the tree structure is trained, it is included in a ternary Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework. This first classification step is applied in a windowing way on a new test image, defining a body-like probability map, which is used as an initialization of a GMM color modelling and binary Graph Cuts optimization procedure. The proposed methodology is tested in a novel limb-labelled data set. Results show performance improvements of the novel approach in comparison to classical cascade of classifiers and human detector-based Graph Cuts segmentation approaches.
	Address	Madeira; Portugal; June 2013
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-38627-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	IbPRIA
	Notes	HUPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	SOB2013			Serial	2250
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	Author	Bhaskar Chakraborty; Andrew Bagdanov; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca
	Title	Human Action Recognition Using an Ensemble of Body-Part Detectors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Expert Systems	Abbreviated Journal	EXSY
	Volume	30	Issue	2	Pages	101-114
	Keywords	Human action recognition;body-part detection;hidden Markov model
	Abstract	This paper describes an approach to human action recognition based on a probabilistic optimization model of body parts using hidden Markov model (HMM). Our method is able to distinguish between similar actions by only considering the body parts having major contribution to the actions, for example, legs for walking, jogging and running; arms for boxing, waving and clapping. We apply HMMs to model the stochastic movement of the body parts for action recognition. The HMM construction uses an ensemble of body-part detectors, followed by grouping of part detections, to perform human identification. Three example-based body-part detectors are trained to detect three components of the human body: the head, legs and arms. These detectors cope with viewpoint changes and self-occlusions through the use of ten sub-classifiers that detect body parts over a specific range of viewpoints. Each sub-classifier is a support vector machine trained on features selected for the discriminative power for each particular part/viewpoint combination. Grouping of these detections is performed using a simple geometric constraint model that yields a viewpoint-invariant human detector. We test our approach on three publicly available action datasets: the KTH dataset, Weizmann dataset and HumanEva dataset. Our results illustrate that with a simple and compact representation we can achieve robust recognition of human actions comparable to the most complex, state-of-the-art methods.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CBG2013			Serial	1809
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	Author	Pau Torras; Mohamed Ali Souibgui; Sanket Biswas; Alicia Fornes
	Title	Segmentation-Free Alignment of Arbitrary Symbol Transcripts to Images			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Document Analysis and Recognition – ICDAR 2023 Workshops	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14193	Issue		Pages	83-93
	Keywords	Historical Manuscripts; Symbol Alignment
	Abstract	Developing arbitrary symbol recognition systems is a challenging endeavour. Even using content-agnostic architectures such as few-shot models, performance can be substantially improved by providing a number of well-annotated examples into training. In some contexts, transcripts of the symbols are available without any position information associated to them, which enables using line-level recognition architectures. A way of providing this position information to detection-based architectures is finding systems that can align the input symbols with the transcription. In this paper we discuss some symbol alignment techniques that are suitable for low-data scenarios and provide an insight on their perceived strengths and weaknesses. In particular, we study the usage of Connectionist Temporal Classification models, Attention-Based Sequence to Sequence models and we compare them with the results obtained on a few-shot recognition system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICDAR
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TSS2023			Serial	3850
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	Author	Marçal Rusiñol; David Aldavert; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados
	Title	Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	PR
	Volume	48	Issue	2	Pages	545–555
	Keywords	Historical documents; Keyword spotting; Segmentation-free; Dense SIFT features; Latent semantic analysis; Product quantization
	Abstract	In this paper we present an efficient segmentation-free word spotting method, applied in the context of historical document collections, that follows the query-by-example paradigm. We use a patch-based framework where local patches are described by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. By projecting the patch descriptors to a topic space with the latent semantic analysis technique and compressing the descriptors with the product quantization method, we are able to efficiently index the document information both in terms of memory and time. The proposed method is evaluated using four different collections of historical documents achieving good performances on both handwritten and typewritten scenarios. The yielded performances outperform the recent state-of-the-art keyword spotting approaches.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077; 600.061; 601.223; 602.006; 600.055			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RAT2015a			Serial	2544
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	Author	Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes
	Title	Hierarchical graphs for coarse-to-fine error tolerant matching			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2020	Publication	Pattern Recognition Letters	Abbreviated Journal	PRL
	Volume	134	Issue		Pages	116-124
	Keywords	Hierarchical graph representation; Coarse-to-fine graph matching; Graph-based retrieval
	Abstract	During the last years, graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their ability to capture both structural and appearance-based information. Thus, they provide a greater representational power than classical statistical frameworks. However, graph-based representations leads to high computational complexities usually dealt by graph embeddings or approximated matching techniques. Despite their representational power, they are very sensitive to noise and small variations of the input image. With the aim to cope with the time complexity and the variability present in the generated graphs, in this paper we propose to construct a novel hierarchical graph representation. Graph clustering techniques adapted from social media analysis have been used in order to contract a graph at different abstraction levels while keeping information about the topology. Abstract nodes attributes summarise information about the contracted graph partition. For the proposed representations, a coarse-to-fine matching technique is defined. Hence, small graphs are used as a filtering before more accurate matching methods are applied. This approach has been validated in real scenarios such as classification of colour images or retrieval of handwritten words (i.e. word spotting).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 603.057; 600.140; 600.121			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RLF2020			Serial	3349
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	Author	Sandra Pujades;Francesc Carreras;Manuel Ballester; Jaume Garcia; Debora Gil
	Title	A Normalized Parametric Domain for the Analysis of the Left Ventricular Function			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications (VISAPP’08)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	267-274
	Keywords	Helical Ventricular Myocardial Band; Myocardial Fiber; Tagged Magnetic Resonance; HARP; Optical Flow Variational Framework; Gabor Filters; B-Splines.
	Abstract	Impairment of left ventricular (LV) contractility due to cardiovascular diseases is reflected in LV motion patterns. The mechanics of any muscle strongly depends on the spatial orientation of its muscular fibers since the motion that the muscle undergoes mainly takes place along the fiber. The helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) concept describes the myocardial muscle as a unique muscular band that twists in space in a non homogeneous fashion. The 3D anisotropy of the ventricular band fibers suggests a regional analysis of the heart motion. Computation of normality models of such motion can help in the detection and localization of any cardiac disorder. In this paper we introduce, for the first time, a normalized parametric domain that allows comparison of the left ventricle motion across patients. We address, both, extraction of the LV motion from Tagged Magnetic Resonance images, as well as, defining a mapping of the LV to a common normalized domain. Extraction of normality motion patterns from 17 healthy volunteers shows the clinical potential of our LV parametrization.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	IAM;			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ GGP2008			Serial	1627
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	Author	Ferran Poveda; Debora Gil; Enric Marti; Albert Andaluz; Manel Ballester;Francesc Carreras Costa
	Title	Helical structure of the cardiac ventricular anatomy assessed by Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging multi-resolution tractography			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Revista Española de Cardiología	Abbreviated Journal	REC
	Volume	66	Issue	10	Pages	782-790
	Keywords	Heart;Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging;Diffusion tractography;Helical heart;Myocardial ventricular band.
	Abstract	Deep understanding of myocardial structure linking morphology and function of the heart would unravel crucial knowledge for medical and surgical clinical procedures and studies. Several conceptual models of myocardial fiber organization have been proposed but the lack of an automatic and objective methodology prevented an agreement. We sought to deepen in this knowledge through advanced computer graphic representations of the myocardial fiber architecture by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI). We performed automatic tractography reconstruction of unsegmented DT-MRI canine heart datasets coming from the public database of the Johns Hopkins University. Full scale tractographies have been build with 200 seeds and are composed by streamlines computed on the vectorial field of primary eigenvectors given at the diffusion tensor volumes. Also, we introduced a novel multi-scale visualization technique in order to obtain a simplified tractography. This methodology allowed to keep the main geometric features of the fiber tracts, making easier to decipher the main properties of the architectural organization of the heart. On the analysis of the output from our tractographic representations we found exact correlation with low-level details of myocardial architecture, but also with the more abstract conceptualization of a continuous helical ventricular myocardial fiber array. Objective analysis of myocardial architecture by an automated method, including the entire myocardium and using several 3D levels of complexity, reveals a continuous helical myocardial fiber arrangement of both right and left ventricles, supporting the anatomical model of the helical ventricular myocardial band described by Torrent-Guasp.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	IAM; 600.044; 600.060			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ PGM2013			Serial	2194
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	Author	Sumit K. Banchhor; Narendra D. Londhe; Tadashi Araki; Luca Saba; Petia Radeva; Narendra N. Khanna; Jasjit S. Suri
	Title	Calcium detection, its quantification, and grayscale morphology-based risk stratification using machine learning in multimodality big data coronary and carotid scans: A review.			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Computers in Biology and Medicine	Abbreviated Journal	CBM
	Volume	101	Issue		Pages	184-198
	Keywords	Heart disease; Stroke; Atherosclerosis; Intravascular; Coronary; Carotid; Calcium; Morphology; Risk stratification
	Abstract	Purpose of review Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and stroke. Typically, atherosclerotic calcium is found during the mature stage of the atherosclerosis disease. It is therefore often a challenge to identify and quantify the calcium. This is due to the presence of multiple components of plaque buildup in the arterial walls. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines point to the importance of calcium in the coronary and carotid arteries and further recommend its quantification for the prevention of heart disease. It is therefore essential to stratify the CVD risk of the patient into low- and high-risk bins. Recent finding Calcium formation in the artery walls is multifocal in nature with sizes at the micrometer level. Thus, its detection requires high-resolution imaging. Clinical experience has shown that even though optical coherence tomography offers better resolution, intravascular ultrasound still remains an important imaging modality for coronary wall imaging. For a computer-based analysis system to be complete, it must be scientifically and clinically validated. This study presents a state-of-the-art review (condensation of 152 publications after examining 200 articles) covering the methods for calcium detection and its quantification for coronary and carotid arteries, the pros and cons of these methods, and the risk stratification strategies. The review also presents different kinds of statistical models and gold standard solutions for the evaluation of software systems useful for calcium detection and quantification. Finally, the review concludes with a possible vision for designing the next-generation system for better clinical outcomes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB; no proj			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BLA2018			Serial	3188
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