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Author Debora Gil; Petia Radeva edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A Regularized Curvature Flow Designed for a Selective Shape Restoration Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 1444–1458  
  Keywords Geometric flows, nonlinear filtering, shape recovery.  
  Abstract Among all filtering techniques, those based exclu- sively on image level sets (geometric flows) have proven to be the less sensitive to the nature of noise and the most contrast preserving. A common feature to existent curvature flows is that they penalize high curvature, regardless of the curve regularity. This constitutes a major drawback since curvature extreme values are standard descriptors of the contour geometry. We argue that an operator designed with shape recovery purposes should include a term penalizing irregularity in the curvature rather than its magnitude. To this purpose, we present a novel geometric flow that includes a function that measures the degree of local irregularity present in the curve. A main advantage is that it achieves non-trivial steady states representing a smooth model of level curves in a noisy image. Performance of our approach is compared to classical filtering techniques in terms of quality in the restored image/shape and asymptotic behavior. We empirically prove that our approach is the technique that achieves the best compromise between image quality and evolution stabilization.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes IAM;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ GiR2004b Serial 491  
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Author Ferran Diego; Daniel Ponsa; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Video Alignment for Change Detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 20 Issue 7 Pages 1858-1869  
  Keywords video alignment  
  Abstract In this work, we address the problem of aligning two video sequences. Such alignment refers to synchronization, i.e., the establishment of temporal correspondence between frames of the first and second video, followed by spatial registration of all the temporally corresponding frames. Video synchronization and alignment have been attempted before, but most often in the relatively simple cases of fixed or rigidly attached cameras and simultaneous acquisition. In addition, restrictive assumptions have been applied, including linear time correspondence or the knowledge of the complete trajectories of corresponding scene points; to some extent, these assumptions limit the practical applicability of any solutions developed. We intend to solve the more general problem of aligning video sequences recorded by independently moving cameras that follow similar trajectories, based only on the fusion of image intensity and GPS information. The novelty of our approach is to pose the synchronization as a MAP inference problem on a Bayesian network including the observations from these two sensor types, which have been proved complementary. Alignment results are presented in the context of videos recorded from vehicles driving along the same track at different times, for different road types. In addition, we explore two applications of the proposed video alignment method, both based on change detection between aligned videos. One is the detection of vehicles, which could be of use in ADAS. The other is online difference spotting videos of surveillance rounds.  
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  ISSN (up) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; IF Approved no  
  Call Number DPS 2011; ADAS @ adas @ dps2011 Serial 1705  
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Author Mikhail Mozerov; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Improved Recursive Geodesic Distance Computation for Edge Preserving Filter Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 26 Issue 8 Pages 3696 - 3706  
  Keywords Geodesic distance filter; color image filtering; image enhancement  
  Abstract All known recursive filters based on the geodesic distance affinity are realized by two 1D recursions applied in two orthogonal directions of the image plane. The 2D extension of the filter is not valid and has theoretically drawbacks, which lead to known artifacts. In this paper, a maximum influence propagation method is proposed to approximate the 2D extension for the
geodesic distance-based recursive filter. The method allows to partially overcome the drawbacks of the 1D recursion approach. We show that our improved recursion better approximates the true geodesic distance filter, and the application of this improved filter for image denoising outperforms the existing recursive implementation of the geodesic distance. As an application,
we consider a geodesic distance-based filter for image denoising.
Experimental evaluation of our denoising method demonstrates comparable and for several test images better results, than stateof-the-art approaches, while our algorithm is considerably fasterwith computational complexity O(8P).
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; ISE; 600.120; 600.098; 600.119 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Moz2017 Serial 2921  
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Author Xinhang Song; Shuqiang Jiang; Luis Herranz edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Multi-Scale Multi-Feature Context Modeling for Scene Recognition in the Semantic Manifold Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages 2721-2735  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Before the big data era, scene recognition was often approached with two-step inference using localized intermediate representations (objects, topics, and so on). One of such approaches is the semantic manifold (SM), in which patches and images are modeled as points in a semantic probability simplex. Patch models are learned resorting to weak supervision via image labels, which leads to the problem of scene categories co-occurring in this semantic space. Fortunately, each category has its own co-occurrence patterns that are consistent across the images in that category. Thus, discovering and modeling these patterns are critical to improve the recognition performance in this representation. Since the emergence of large data sets, such as ImageNet and Places, these approaches have been relegated in favor of the much more powerful convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which can automatically learn multi-layered representations from the data. In this paper, we address many limitations of the original SM approach and related works. We propose discriminative patch representations using neural networks and further propose a hybrid architecture in which the semantic manifold is built on top of multiscale CNNs. Both representations can be computed significantly faster than the Gaussian mixture models of the original SM. To combine multiple scales, spatial relations, and multiple features, we formulate rich context models using Markov random fields. To solve the optimization problem, we analyze global and local approaches, where a top-down hierarchical algorithm has the best performance. Experimental results show that exploiting different types of contextual relations jointly consistently improves the recognition accuracy.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SJH2017a Serial 2963  
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Author Mikhail Mozerov; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title One-view occlusion detection for stereo matching with a fully connected CRF model Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 28 Issue 6 Pages 2936-2947  
  Keywords Stereo matching; energy minimization; fully connected MRF model; geodesic distance filter  
  Abstract In this paper, we extend the standard belief propagation (BP) sequential technique proposed in the tree-reweighted sequential method [15] to the fully connected CRF models with the geodesic distance affinity. The proposed method has been applied to the stereo matching problem. Also a new approach to the BP marginal solution is proposed that we call one-view occlusion detection (OVOD). In contrast to the standard winner takes all (WTA) estimation, the proposed OVOD solution allows to find occluded regions in the disparity map and simultaneously improve the matching result. As a result we can perform only
one energy minimization process and avoid the cost calculation for the second view and the left-right check procedure. We show that the OVOD approach considerably improves results for cost augmentation and energy minimization techniques in comparison with the standard one-view affinity space implementation. We apply our method to the Middlebury data set and reach state-ofthe-art especially for median, average and mean squared error metrics.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.098; 600.109; 602.133; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MoW2019 Serial 3221  
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Author Lichao Zhang; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Joost Van de Weijer; Martin Danelljan; Fahad Shahbaz Khan edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Synthetic Data Generation for End-to-End Thermal Infrared Tracking Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 28 Issue 4 Pages 1837 - 1850  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The usage of both off-the-shelf and end-to-end trained deep networks have significantly improved the performance of visual tracking on RGB videos. However, the lack of large labeled datasets hampers the usage of convolutional neural networks for tracking in thermal infrared (TIR) images. Therefore, most state-of-the-art methods on tracking for TIR data are still based on handcrafted features. To address this problem, we propose to use image-to-image translation models. These models allow us to translate the abundantly available labeled RGB data to synthetic TIR data. We explore both the usage of paired and unpaired image translation models for this purpose. These methods provide us with a large labeled dataset of synthetic TIR sequences, on which we can train end-to-end optimal features for tracking. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to train end-to-end features for TIR tracking. We perform extensive experiments on the VOT-TIR2017 dataset. We show that a network trained on a large dataset of synthetic TIR data obtains better performance than one trained on the available real TIR data. Combining both data sources leads to further improvement. In addition, when we combine the network with motion features, we outperform the state of the art with a relative gain of over 10%, clearly showing the efficiency of using synthetic data to train end-to-end TIR trackers.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.141; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ YGW2019 Serial 3228  
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Author Xinhang Song; Shuqiang Jiang; Luis Herranz; Chengpeng Chen edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning Effective RGB-D Representations for Scene Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 28 Issue 2 Pages 980-993  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Deep convolutional networks can achieve impressive results on RGB scene recognition thanks to large data sets such as places. In contrast, RGB-D scene recognition is still underdeveloped in comparison, due to two limitations of RGB-D data we address in this paper. The first limitation is the lack of depth data for training deep learning models. Rather than fine tuning or transferring RGB-specific features, we address this limitation by proposing an architecture and a two-step training approach that directly learns effective depth-specific features using weak supervision via patches. The resulting RGB-D model also benefits from more complementary multimodal features. Another limitation is the short range of depth sensors (typically 0.5 m to 5.5 m), resulting in depth images not capturing distant objects in the scenes that RGB images can. We show that this limitation can be addressed by using RGB-D videos, where more comprehensive depth information is accumulated as the camera travels across the scenes. Focusing on this scenario, we introduce the ISIA RGB-D video data set to evaluate RGB-D scene recognition with videos. Our video recognition architecture combines convolutional and recurrent neural networks that are trained in three steps with increasingly complex data to learn effective features (i.e., patches, frames, and sequences). Our approach obtains the state-of-the-art performances on RGB-D image (NYUD2 and SUN RGB-D) and video (ISIA RGB-D) scene recognition.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (up) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; 600.141; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SJH2019 Serial 3247  
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Author Sudeep Katakol; Basem Elbarashy; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Distributed Learning and Inference with Compressed Images Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 30 Issue Pages 3069 - 3083  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Modern computer vision requires processing large amounts of data, both while training the model and/or during inference, once the model is deployed. Scenarios where images are captured and processed in physically separated locations are increasingly common (e.g. autonomous vehicles, cloud computing). In addition, many devices suffer from limited resources to store or transmit data (e.g. storage space, channel capacity). In these scenarios, lossy image compression plays a crucial role to effectively increase the number of images collected under such constraints. However, lossy compression entails some undesired degradation of the data that may harm the performance of the downstream analysis task at hand, since important semantic information may be lost in the process. Moreover, we may only have compressed images at training time but are able to use original images at inference time, or vice versa, and in such a case, the downstream model suffers from covariate shift. In this paper, we analyze this phenomenon, with a special focus on vision-based perception for autonomous driving as a paradigmatic scenario. We see that loss of semantic information and covariate shift do indeed exist, resulting in a drop in performance that depends on the compression rate. In order to address the problem, we propose dataset restoration, based on image restoration with generative adversarial networks (GANs). Our method is agnostic to both the particular image compression method and the downstream task; and has the advantage of not adding additional cost to the deployed models, which is particularly important in resource-limited devices. The presented experiments focus on semantic segmentation as a challenging use case, cover a broad range of compression rates and diverse datasets, and show how our method is able to significantly alleviate the negative effects of compression on the downstream visual task.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.120; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KEH2021 Serial 3543  
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Author Yasuko Sugito; Javier Vazquez; Trevor Canham; Marcelo Bertalmio edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Image quality evaluation in professional HDR/WCG production questions the need for HDR metrics Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 31 Issue Pages 5163 - 5177  
  Keywords Measurement; Image color analysis; Image coding; Production; Dynamic range; Brightness; Extraterrestrial measurements  
  Abstract In the quality evaluation of high dynamic range and wide color gamut (HDR/WCG) images, a number of works have concluded that native HDR metrics, such as HDR visual difference predictor (HDR-VDP), HDR video quality metric (HDR-VQM), or convolutional neural network (CNN)-based visibility metrics for HDR content, provide the best results. These metrics consider only the luminance component, but several color difference metrics have been specifically developed for, and validated with, HDR/WCG images. In this paper, we perform subjective evaluation experiments in a professional HDR/WCG production setting, under a real use case scenario. The results are quite relevant in that they show, firstly, that the performance of HDR metrics is worse than that of a classic, simple standard dynamic range (SDR) metric applied directly to the HDR content; and secondly, that the chrominance metrics specifically developed for HDR/WCG imaging have poor correlation with observer scores and are also outperformed by an SDR metric. Based on these findings, we show how a very simple framework for creating color HDR metrics, that uses only luminance SDR metrics, transfer functions, and classic color spaces, is able to consistently outperform, by a considerable margin, state-of-the-art HDR metrics on a varied set of HDR content, for both perceptual quantization (PQ) and Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) encoding, luminance and chroma distortions, and on different color spaces of common use.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes 600.161; 611.007 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SVG2022 Serial 3683  
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Author Ariel Amato; Mikhail Mozerov; Andrew Bagdanov; Jordi Gonzalez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Accurate Moving Cast Shadow Suppression Based on Local Color Constancy detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 20 Issue 10 Pages 2954 - 2966  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper describes a novel framework for detection and suppression of properly shadowed regions for most possible scenarios occurring in real video sequences. Our approach requires no prior knowledge about the scene, nor is it restricted to specific scene structures. Furthermore, the technique can detect both achromatic and chromatic shadows even in the presence of camouflage that occurs when foreground regions are very similar in color to shadowed regions. The method exploits local color constancy properties due to reflectance suppression over shadowed regions. To detect shadowed regions in a scene, the values of the background image are divided by values of the current frame in the RGB color space. We show how this luminance ratio can be used to identify segments with low gradient constancy, which in turn distinguish shadows from foreground. Experimental results on a collection of publicly available datasets illustrate the superior performance of our method compared with the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art shadow detection algorithms. These results show that our approach is robust and accurate over a broad range of shadow types and challenging video conditions.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AMB2011 Serial 1716  
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Author Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Computational Color Constancy: Survey and Experiments Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 20 Issue 9 Pages 2475-2489  
  Keywords computational color constancy;computer vision application;gamut-based method;learning-based method;static method;colour vision;computer vision;image colour analysis;learning (artificial intelligence);lighting  
  Abstract Computational color constancy is a fundamental prerequisite for many computer vision applications. This paper presents a survey of many recent developments and state-of-the- art methods. Several criteria are proposed that are used to assess the approaches. A taxonomy of existing algorithms is proposed and methods are separated in three groups: static methods, gamut-based methods and learning-based methods. Further, the experimental setup is discussed including an overview of publicly available data sets. Finally, various freely available methods, of which some are considered to be state-of-the-art, are evaluated on two data sets.  
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  ISSN (up) 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE;CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GGW2011 Serial 1717  
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Author Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Implicit Polynomial Representation through a Fast Fitting Error Estimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 21 Issue 4 Pages 2089-2098  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Impact Factor
This paper presents a simple distance estimation for implicit polynomial fitting. It is computed as the height of a simplex built between the point and the surface (i.e., a triangle in 2-D or a tetrahedron in 3-D), which is used as a coarse but reliable estimation of the orthogonal distance. The proposed distance can be described as a function of the coefficients of the implicit polynomial. Moreover, it is differentiable and has a smooth behavior . Hence, it can be used in any gradient-based optimization. In this paper, its use in a Levenberg-Marquardt framework is shown, which is particularly devoted for nonlinear least squares problems. The proposed estimation is a generalization of the gradient-based distance estimation, which is widely used in the literature. Experimental results, both in 2-D and 3-D data sets, are provided. Comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques are presented, showing the advantages of the proposed approach.
 
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN (up) 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RoS2012b; ADAS @ adas @ Serial 1937  
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Author J. Stöttinger; A. Hanbury; N. Sebe; Theo Gevers edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Spars Color Interest Points for Image Retrieval and Object Categorization Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 21 Issue 5 Pages 2681-2692  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Impact factor 2010: 2.92
IF 2011/2012?: 3.32
Interest point detection is an important research area in the field of image processing and computer vision. In particular, image retrieval and object categorization heavily rely on interest point detection from which local image descriptors are computed for image matching. In general, interest points are based on luminance, and color has been largely ignored. However, the use of color increases the distinctiveness of interest points. The use of color may therefore provide selective search reducing the total number of interest points used for image matching. This paper proposes color interest points for sparse image representation. To reduce the sensitivity to varying imaging conditions, light-invariant interest points are introduced. Color statistics based on occurrence probability lead to color boosted points, which are obtained through saliency-based feature selection. Furthermore, a principal component analysis-based scale selection method is proposed, which gives a robust scale estimation per interest point. From large-scale experiments, it is shown that the proposed color interest point detector has higher repeatability than a luminance-based one. Furthermore, in the context of image retrieval, a reduced and predictable number of color features show an increase in performance compared to state-of-the-art interest points. Finally, in the context of object recognition, for the Pascal VOC 2007 challenge, our method gives comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods using only a small fraction of the features, reducing the computing time considerably.
 
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  ISSN (up) 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SHS2012 Serial 1847  
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Author R. Valenti; Theo Gevers edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Combining Head Pose and Eye Location Information for Gaze Estimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 802-815  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Impact factor 2010: 2.92
Impact factor 2011/12?: 3.32
Head pose and eye location for gaze estimation have been separately studied in numerous works in the literature. Previous research shows that satisfactory accuracy in head pose and eye location estimation can be achieved in constrained settings. However, in the presence of nonfrontal faces, eye locators are not adequate to accurately locate the center of the eyes. On the other hand, head pose estimation techniques are able to deal with these conditions; hence, they may be suited to enhance the accuracy of eye localization. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid scheme is proposed to combine head pose and eye location information to obtain enhanced gaze estimation. To this end, the transformation matrix obtained from the head pose is used to normalize the eye regions, and in turn, the transformation matrix generated by the found eye location is used to correct the pose estimation procedure. The scheme is designed to enhance the accuracy of eye location estimations, particularly in low-resolution videos, to extend the operative range of the eye locators, and to improve the accuracy of the head pose tracker. These enhanced estimations are then combined to obtain a novel visual gaze estimation system, which uses both eye location and head information to refine the gaze estimates. From the experimental results, it can be derived that the proposed unified scheme improves the accuracy of eye estimations by 16% to 23%. Furthermore, it considerably extends its operating range by more than 15° by overcoming the problems introduced by extreme head poses. Moreover, the accuracy of the head pose tracker is improved by 12% to 24%. Finally, the experimentation on the proposed combined gaze estimation system shows that it is accurate (with a mean error between 2° and 5°) and that it can be used in cases where classic approaches would fail without imposing restraints on the position of the head.
 
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VaG 2012b Serial 1851  
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Author Arjan Gijsenij; R. Lu; Theo Gevers; De Xu edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Color Constancy for Multiple Light Source Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume 21 Issue 2 Pages 697-707  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Impact factor 2010: 2.92
Impact factor 2011/2012?: 3.32
Color constancy algorithms are generally based on the simplifying assumption that the spectral distribution of a light source is uniform across scenes. However, in reality, this assumption is often violated due to the presence of multiple light sources. In this paper, we will address more realistic scenarios where the uniform light-source assumption is too restrictive. First, a methodology is proposed to extend existing algorithms by applying color constancy locally to image patches, rather than globally to the entire image. After local (patch-based) illuminant estimation, these estimates are combined into more robust estimations, and a local correction is applied based on a modified diagonal model. Quantitative and qualitative experiments on spectral and real images show that the proposed methodology reduces the influence of two light sources simultaneously present in one scene. If the chromatic difference between these two illuminants is more than 1° , the proposed framework outperforms algorithms based on the uniform light-source assumption (with error-reduction up to approximately 30%). Otherwise, when the chromatic difference is less than 1° and the scene can be considered to contain one (approximately) uniform light source, the performance of the proposed method framework is similar to global color constancy methods.
 
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ALTRES;ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GLG2012a Serial 1852  
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