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Author |
Volkmar Frinken; Andreas Fischer; Horst Bunke; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Co-training for Handwritten Word Recognition |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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314-318 |
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To cope with the tremendous variations of writing styles encountered between different individuals, unconstrained automatic handwriting recognition systems need to be trained on large sets of labeled data. Traditionally, the training data has to be labeled manually, which is a laborious and costly process. Semi-supervised learning techniques offer methods to utilize unlabeled data, which can be obtained cheaply in large amounts in order, to reduce the need for labeled data. In this paper, we propose the use of Co-Training for improving the recognition accuracy of two weakly trained handwriting recognition systems. The first one is based on Recurrent Neural Networks while the second one is based on Hidden Markov Models. On the IAM off-line handwriting database we demonstrate a significant increase of the recognition accuracy can be achieved with Co-Training for single word recognition. |
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Beijing, China |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ FFB2011 |
Serial |
1789 |
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Author |
Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados; Thierry Brouard |
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Title |
Subgraph Spotting Through Explicit Graph Embedding: An Application to Content Spotting in Graphic Document Images |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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870-874 |
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We present a method for spotting a subgraph in a graph repository. Subgraph spotting is a very interesting research problem for various application domains where the use of a relational data structure is mandatory. Our proposed method accomplishes subgraph spotting through graph embedding. We achieve automatic indexation of a graph repository during off-line learning phase, where we (i) break the graphs into 2-node sub graphs (a.k.a. cliques of order 2), which are primitive building-blocks of a graph, (ii) embed the 2-node sub graphs into feature vectors by employing our recently proposed explicit graph embedding technique, (iii) cluster the feature vectors in classes by employing a classic agglomerative clustering technique, (iv) build an index for the graph repository and (v) learn a Bayesian network classifier. The subgraph spotting is achieved during the on-line querying phase, where we (i) break the query graph into 2-node sub graphs, (ii) embed them into feature vectors, (iii) employ the Bayesian network classifier for classifying the query 2-node sub graphs and (iv) retrieve the respective graphs by looking-up in the index of the graph repository. The graphs containing all query 2-node sub graphs form the set of result graphs for the query. Finally, we employ the adjacency matrix of each result graph along with a score function, for spotting the query graph in it. The proposed subgraph spotting method is equally applicable to a wide range of domains, offering ease of query by example (QBE) and granularity of focused retrieval. Experimental results are presented for graphs generated from two repositories of electronic and architectural document images. |
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Beijing, China |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4577-1350-7 |
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ICDAR |
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Admin @ si @ LRL2011 |
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1790 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
Symbol Spotting in Line Drawings Through Graph Paths Hashing |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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982-986 |
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In this paper we propose a symbol spotting technique through hashing the shape descriptors of graph paths (Hamiltonian paths). Complex graphical structures in line drawings can be efficiently represented by graphs, which ease the accurate localization of the model symbol. Graph paths are the factorized substructures of graphs which enable robust recognition even in the presence of noise and distortion. In our framework, the entire database of the graphical documents is indexed in hash tables by the locality sensitive hashing (LSH) of shape descriptors of the paths. The hashing data structure aims to execute an approximate k-NN search in a sub-linear time. The spotting method is formulated by a spatial voting scheme to the list of locations of the paths that are decided during the hash table lookup process. We perform detailed experiments with various dataset of line drawings and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique. |
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Beijing, China |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4577-1350-7 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ DLP2011b |
Serial |
1791 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; Joan Mas; Gemma Sanchez; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Wall Patch-Based Segmentation in Architectural Floorplans |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1270-1274 |
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Segmentation of architectural floor plans is a challenging task, mainly because of the large variability in the notation between different plans. In general, traditional techniques, usually based on analyzing and grouping structural primitives obtained by vectorization, are only able to handle a reduced range of similar notations. In this paper we propose an alternative patch-based segmentation approach working at pixel level, without need of vectorization. The image is divided into a set of patches and a set of features is extracted for every patch. Then, each patch is assigned to a visual word of a previously learned vocabulary and given a probability of belonging to each class of objects. Finally, a post-process assigns the final label for every pixel. This approach has been applied to the detection of walls on two datasets of architectural floor plans with different notations, achieving high accuracy rates. |
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Beiging, China |
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1520-5363 |
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978-0-7695-4520-2 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ HMS2011a |
Serial |
1792 |
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Author |
Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sergi Robles; Joan Mas; Farshad Nourbakhsh; Partha Pratim Roy |
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Title |
ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition – Challege 1: Reading Text in Born-Digital Images (Web and Email) |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1485-1490 |
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This paper presents the results of the first Challenge of ICDAR 2011 Robust Reading Competition. Challenge 1 is focused on the extraction of text from born-digital images, specifically from images found in Web pages and emails. The challenge was organized in terms of three tasks that look at different stages of the process: text localization, text segmentation and word recognition. In this paper we present the results of the challenge for all three tasks, and make an open call for continuous participation outside the context of ICDAR 2011. |
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Beijing, China |
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1520-5363 |
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978-1-4577-1350-7 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ KRM2011 |
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1793 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta; Albert Gordo; Josep Llados |
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Title |
The ICDAR 2011 Music Scores Competition: Staff Removal and Writer Identification |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
11th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1511-1515 |
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In the last years, there has been a growing interest in the analysis of handwritten music scores. In this sense, our goal has been to foster the interest in the analysis of handwritten music scores by the proposal of two different competitions: Staff removal and Writer Identification. Both competitions have been tested on the CVC-MUSCIMA database: a ground-truth of handwritten music score images. This paper describes the competition details, including the dataset and ground-truth, the evaluation metrics, and a short description of the participants, their methods, and the obtained results. |
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Beijing, China |
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978-0-7695-4520-2 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ FDG2011b |
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1794 |
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Author |
Klaus Broelemann; Anjan Dutta; Xiaoyi Jiang; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Plausibility-Graphs for Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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10th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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Graph representation of graphical documents often suffers from noise viz. spurious nodes and spurios edges of graph and their discontinuity etc. In general these errors occur during the low-level image processing viz. binarization, skeletonization, vectorization etc. Hierarchical graph representation is a nice and efficient way to solve this kind of problem by hierarchically merging node-node and node-edge depending on the distance.
But the creation of hierarchical graph representing the graphical information often uses hard thresholds on the distance to create the hierarchical nodes (next state) of the lower nodes (or states) of a graph. As a result the representation often loses useful information. This paper introduces plausibilities to the nodes of hierarchical graph as a function of distance and proposes a modified algorithm for matching subgraphs of the hierarchical
graphs. The plausibility-annotated nodes help to improve the performance of the matching algorithm on two hierarchical structures. To show the potential of this approach, we conduct an experiment with the SESYD dataset. |
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Bethlehem; PA; USA; August 2013 |
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GREC |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061; 601.152 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BDJ2013 |
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2360 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
Near Convex Region Adjacency Graph and Approximate Neighborhood String Matching for Symbol Spotting in Graphical Documents |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
Publication |
12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1078-1082 |
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This paper deals with a subgraph matching problem in Region Adjacency Graph (RAG) applied to symbol spotting in graphical documents. RAG is a very important, efficient and natural way of representing graphical information with a graph but this is limited to cases where the information is well defined with perfectly delineated regions. What if the information we are interested in is not confined within well defined regions? This paper addresses this particular problem and solves it by defining near convex grouping of oriented line segments which results in near convex regions. Pure convexity imposes hard constraints and can not handle all the cases efficiently. Hence to solve this problem we have defined a new type of convexity of regions, which allows convex regions to have concavity to some extend. We call this kind of regions Near Convex Regions (NCRs). These NCRs are then used to create the Near Convex Region Adjacency Graph (NCRAG) and with this representation we have formulated the problem of symbol spotting in graphical documents as a subgraph matching problem. For subgraph matching we have used the Approximate Edit Distance Algorithm (AEDA) on the neighborhood string, which starts working after finding a key node in the input or target graph and iteratively identifies similar nodes of the query graph in the neighborhood of the key node. The experiments are performed on artificial, real and distorted datasets. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061; 601.152 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ DLB2013a |
Serial |
2358 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
A Product graph based method for dual subgraph matching applied to symbol spotting |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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10th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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Product graph has been shown to be an efficient way for matching subgraphs. This paper reports the extension of the product graph methodology for subgraph matching applied to symbol spotting in graphical documents. This paper focuses on the two major limitations of the previous version of product graph: (1) Spurious nodes and edges in the graph representation and (2) Inefficient node and edge attributes. To deal with noisy information of vectorized graphical documents, we consider a dual graph representation on the original graph representing the graphical information and the product graph is computed between the dual graphs of the query graphs and the input graph.
The dual graph with redundant edges is helpful for efficient and tolerating encoding of the structural information of the graphical documents. The adjacency matrix of the product graph locates similar path information of two graphs and exponentiating the adjacency matrix finds similar paths of greater lengths. Nodes joining similar paths between two graphs are found by combining different exponentials of adjacency matrices. An experimental investigation reveals that the recall obtained by this approach is quite encouraging. |
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Bethlehem; PA; USA; August 2013 |
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GREC |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DLB2013b |
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2359 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo; Florent Perronnin |
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Title |
Asymmetric Distances for Binary Embeddings |
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Conference Article |
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2011 |
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IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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729 - 736 |
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In large-scale query-by-example retrieval, embedding image signatures in a binary space offers two benefits: data compression and search efficiency. While most embedding algorithms binarize both query and database signatures, it has been noted that this is not strictly a requirement. Indeed, asymmetric schemes which binarize the database signatures but not the query still enjoy the same two benefits but may provide superior accuracy. In this work, we propose two general asymmetric distances which are applicable to a wide variety of embedding techniques including Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), Locality Sensitive Binary Codes (LSBC), Spectral Hashing (SH) and Semi-Supervised Hashing (SSH). We experiment on four public benchmarks containing up to 1M images and show that the proposed asymmetric distances consistently lead to large improvements over the symmetric Hamming distance for all binary embedding techniques. We also propose a novel simple binary embedding technique – PCA Embedding (PCAE) – which is shown to yield competitive results with respect to more complex algorithms such as SH and SSH. |
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Providence, RI |
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978-1-4577-0394-2 |
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CVPR |
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DAG |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GoP2011; IAM @ iam @ GoP2011 |
Serial |
1817 |
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