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Author Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Ernest Valveny edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Hierarchical multimodal transformers for Multi-Page DocVQA Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 144 Issue Pages 109834  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Document Visual Question Answering (DocVQA) refers to the task of answering questions from document images. Existing work on DocVQA only considers single-page documents. However, in real scenarios documents are mostly composed of multiple pages that should be processed altogether. In this work we extend DocVQA to the multi-page scenario. For that, we first create a new dataset, MP-DocVQA, where questions are posed over multi-page documents instead of single pages. Second, we propose a new hierarchical method, Hi-VT5, based on the T5 architecture, that overcomes the limitations of current methods to process long multi-page documents. The proposed method is based on a hierarchical transformer architecture where the encoder summarizes the most relevant information of every page and then, the decoder takes this summarized information to generate the final answer. Through extensive experimentation, we demonstrate that our method is able, in a single stage, to answer the questions and provide the page that contains the relevant information to find the answer, which can be used as a kind of explainability measure.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISSN 0031-3203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.155; 600.121 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TKV2023 Serial (down) 3825  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ali Furkan Biten; Ruben Tito; Lluis Gomez; Ernest Valveny; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title OCR-IDL: OCR Annotations for Industry Document Library Dataset Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication ECCV Workshop on Text in Everything Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Pretraining has proven successful in Document Intelligence tasks where deluge of documents are used to pretrain the models only later to be finetuned on downstream tasks. One of the problems of the pretraining approaches is the inconsistent usage of pretraining data with different OCR engines leading to incomparable results between models. In other words, it is not obvious whether the performance gain is coming from diverse usage of amount of data and distinct OCR engines or from the proposed models. To remedy the problem, we make public the OCR annotations for IDL documents using commercial OCR engine given their superior performance over open source OCR models. The contributed dataset (OCR-IDL) has an estimated monetary value over 20K US$. It is our hope that OCR-IDL can be a starting point for future works on Document Intelligence. All of our data and its collection process with the annotations can be found in this https URL.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ECCV  
  Notes DAG; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BTG2022 Serial (down) 3817  
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Author Utkarsh Porwal; Alicia Fornes; Faisal Shafait (eds) edit  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. 18th International Conference, ICFHR 2022 Type Book Whole
  Year 2022 Publication Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13639 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address ICFHR 2022, Hyderabad, India, December 4–7, 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor Utkarsh Porwal; Alicia Fornes; Faisal Shafait  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-031-21648-0 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICFHR  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PFS2022 Serial (down) 3809  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Andrea Gemelli; Sanket Biswas; Enrico Civitelli; Josep Llados; Simone Marinai edit   pdf
url  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title Doc2Graph: A Task Agnostic Document Understanding Framework Based on Graph Neural Networks Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 17th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13804 Issue Pages 329–344  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Geometric Deep Learning has recently attracted significant interest in a wide range of machine learning fields, including document analysis. The application of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has become crucial in various document-related tasks since they can unravel important structural patterns, fundamental in key information extraction processes. Previous works in the literature propose task-driven models and do not take into account the full power of graphs. We propose Doc2Graph, a task-agnostic document understanding framework based on a GNN model, to solve different tasks given different types of documents. We evaluated our approach on two challenging datasets for key information extraction in form understanding, invoice layout analysis and table detection.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-031-25068-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ECCV-TiE  
  Notes DAG; 600.162; 600.140; 110.312 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GBC2022 Serial (down) 3795  
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Author Ayan Banerjee; Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Parikshit Acharya; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title TWD: A New Deep E2E Model for Text Watermark Detection in Video Images Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 26th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Deep learning; U-Net; FCENet; Scene text detection; Video text detection; Watermark text detection  
  Abstract Text watermark detection in video images is challenging because text watermark characteristics are different from caption and scene texts in the video images. Developing a successful model for detecting text watermark, caption, and scene texts is an open challenge. This study aims at developing a new Deep End-to-End model for Text Watermark Detection (TWD), caption and scene text in video images. To standardize non-uniform contrast, quality, and resolution, we explore the U-Net3+ model for enhancing poor quality text without affecting high-quality text. Similarly, to address the challenges of arbitrary orientation, text shapes and complex background, we explore Stacked Hourglass Encoded Fourier Contour Embedding Network (SFCENet) by feeding the output of the U-Net3+ model as input. Furthermore, the proposed work integrates enhancement and detection models as an end-to-end model for detecting multi-type text in video images. To validate the proposed model, we create our own dataset (named TW-866), which provides video images containing text watermark, caption (subtitles), as well as scene text. The proposed model is also evaluated on standard natural scene text detection datasets, namely, ICDAR 2019 MLT, CTW1500, Total-Text, and DAST1500. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing methods. This is the first work on text watermark detection in video images to the best of our knowledge  
  Address Montreal; Quebec; Canada; August 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes DAG; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BSA2022 Serial (down) 3788  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Sergi Garcia Bordils; George Tom; Sangeeth Reddy; Minesh Mathew; Marçal Rusiñol; C.V. Jawahar; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title Read While You Drive-Multilingual Text Tracking on the Road Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication 15th IAPR International workshop on document analysis systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13237 Issue Pages 756–770  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Visual data obtained during driving scenarios usually contain large amounts of text that conveys semantic information necessary to analyse the urban environment and is integral to the traffic control plan. Yet, research on autonomous driving or driver assistance systems typically ignores this information. To advance research in this direction, we present RoadText-3K, a large driving video dataset with fully annotated text. RoadText-3K is three times bigger than its predecessor and contains data from varied geographical locations, unconstrained driving conditions and multiple languages and scripts. We offer a comprehensive analysis of tracking by detection and detection by tracking methods exploring the limits of state-of-the-art text detection. Finally, we propose a new end-to-end trainable tracking model that yields state-of-the-art results on this challenging dataset. Our experiments demonstrate the complexity and variability of RoadText-3K and establish a new, realistic benchmark for scene text tracking in the wild.  
  Address La Rochelle; France; May 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-3-031-06554-5 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference DAS  
  Notes DAG; 600.155; 611.022; 611.004 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GTR2022 Serial (down) 3783  
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Author Sergi Garcia Bordils; Andres Mafla; Ali Furkan Biten; Oren Nuriel; Aviad Aberdam; Shai Mazor; Ron Litman; Dimosthenis Karatzas edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Out-of-Vocabulary Challenge Report Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13804 Issue Pages 359–375  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents final results of the Out-Of-Vocabulary 2022 (OOV) challenge. The OOV contest introduces an important aspect that is not commonly studied by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) models, namely, the recognition of unseen scene text instances at training time. The competition compiles a collection of public scene text datasets comprising of 326,385 images with 4,864,405 scene text instances, thus covering a wide range of data distributions. A new and independent validation and test set is formed with scene text instances that are out of vocabulary at training time. The competition was structured in two tasks, end-to-end and cropped scene text recognition respectively. A thorough analysis of results from baselines and different participants is presented. Interestingly, current state-of-the-art models show a significant performance gap under the newly studied setting. We conclude that the OOV dataset proposed in this challenge will be an essential area to be explored in order to develop scene text models that achieve more robust and generalized predictions.  
  Address Tel-Aviv; Israel; October 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ECCVW  
  Notes DAG; 600.155; 302.105; 611.002 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GMB2022 Serial (down) 3771  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Emanuele Vivoli; Ali Furkan Biten; Andres Mafla; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Lluis Gomez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title MUST-VQA: MUltilingual Scene-text VQA Type Conference Article
  Year 2022 Publication Proceedings European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 13804 Issue Pages 345–358  
  Keywords Visual question answering; Scene text; Translation robustness; Multilingual models; Zero-shot transfer; Power of language models  
  Abstract In this paper, we present a framework for Multilingual Scene Text Visual Question Answering that deals with new languages in a zero-shot fashion. Specifically, we consider the task of Scene Text Visual Question Answering (STVQA) in which the question can be asked in different languages and it is not necessarily aligned to the scene text language. Thus, we first introduce a natural step towards a more generalized version of STVQA: MUST-VQA. Accounting for this, we discuss two evaluation scenarios in the constrained setting, namely IID and zero-shot and we demonstrate that the models can perform on a par on a zero-shot setting. We further provide extensive experimentation and show the effectiveness of adapting multilingual language models into STVQA tasks.  
  Address Tel-Aviv; Israel; October 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ECCVW  
  Notes DAG; 302.105; 600.155; 611.002 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VBM2022 Serial (down) 3770  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Mohamed Ali Souibgui edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Document Image Enhancement and Recognition in Low Resource Scenarios: Application to Ciphers and Handwritten Text Type Book Whole
  Year 2022 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this thesis, we propose different contributions with the goal of enhancing and recognizing historical handwritten document images, especially the ones with rare scripts, such as cipher documents.
In the first part, some effective end-to-end models for Document Image Enhancement (DIE) using deep learning models were presented. First, Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN) for different tasks (document clean-up, binarization, deblurring, and watermark removal) were explored. Next, we further improve the results by recovering the degraded document images into a clean and readable form by integrating a text recognizer into the cGAN model to promote the generated document image to be more readable. Afterward, we present a new encoder-decoder architecture based on vision transformers to enhance both machine-printed and handwritten document images, in an end-to-end fashion.
The second part of the thesis addresses Handwritten Text Recognition (HTR) in low resource scenarios, i.e. when only few labeled training data is available. We propose novel methods for recognizing ciphers with rare scripts. First, a few-shot object detection based method was proposed. Then, we incorporate a progressive learning strategy that automatically assignspseudo-labels to a set of unlabeled data to reduce the human labor of annotating few pages while maintaining the good performance of the model. Secondly, a data generation technique based on Bayesian Program Learning (BPL) is proposed to overcome the lack of data in such rare scripts. Thirdly, we propose a Text-Degradation Invariant Auto Encoder (Text-DIAE). This latter self-supervised model is designed to tackle two tasks, text recognition and document image enhancement. The proposed model does not exhibit limitations of previous state-of-the-art methods based on contrastive losses, while at the same time, it requires substantially fewer data samples to converge.
In the third part of the thesis, we analyze, from the user perspective, the usage of HTR systems in low resource scenarios. This contrasts with the usual research on HTR, which often focuses on technical aspects only and rarely devotes efforts on implementing software tools for scholars in Humanities.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher IMPRIMA Place of Publication Editor Alicia Fornes;Yousri Kessentini  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-124793-8-6 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Sou2022 Serial (down) 3757  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Andres Mafla edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Leveraging Scene Text Information for Image Interpretation Type Book Whole
  Year 2022 Publication PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Until recently, most computer vision models remained illiterate, largely ignoring the semantically rich and explicit information contained in scene text. Recent progress in scene text detection and recognition has recently allowed exploring its role in a diverse set of open computer vision problems, e.g. image classification, image-text retrieval, image captioning, and visual question answering to name a few. The explicit semantics of scene text closely requires specific modeling similar to language. However, scene text is a particular signal that has to be interpreted according to a comprehensive perspective that encapsulates all the visual cues in an image. Incorporating this information is a straightforward task for humans, but if we are unfamiliar with a language or scripture, achieving a complete world understanding is impossible (e.a. visiting a foreign country with a different alphabet). Despite the importance of scene text, modeling it requires considering the several ways in which scene text interacts with an image, processing and fusing an additional modality. In this thesis, we mainly focus
on two tasks, scene text-based fine-grained image classification, and cross-modal retrieval. In both studied tasks we identify existing limitations in current approaches and propose plausible solutions. Concretely, in each chapter: i) We define a compact way to embed scene text that generalizes to unseen words at training time while performing in real-time. ii) We incorporate the previously learned scene text embedding to create an image-level descriptor that overcomes optical character recognition (OCR) errors which is well-suited to the fine-grained image classification task. iii) We design a region-level reasoning network that learns the interaction through semantics among salient visual regions and scene text instances. iv) We employ scene text information in image-text matching and introduce the Scene Text Aware Cross-Modal retrieval StacMR task. We gather a dataset that incorporates scene text and design a model suited for the newly studied modality. v) We identify the drawbacks of current retrieval metrics in cross-modal retrieval. An image captioning metric is proposed as a way of better evaluating semantics in retrieved results. Ample experimentation shows that incorporating such semantics into a model yields better semantic results while
requiring significantly less data to converge.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher IMPRIMA Place of Publication Editor Dimosthenis Karatzas;Lluis Gomez  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-84-124793-6-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Maf2022 Serial (down) 3756  
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