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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta |
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Title |
Large-scale graph indexing using binary embeddings of node contexts for information spotting in document image databases |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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87 |
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203-211 |
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Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations. However, retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs implies a high computational complexity. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. With this aim, in this paper we propose a graph indexation formalism applied to visual retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Then, each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in different real scenarios such as handwritten word spotting in images of historical documents or symbol spotting in architectural floor plans. |
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DAG; 600.097; 602.006; 603.053; 600.121 |
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RLF2017b |
Serial |
2873 |
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Author |
Lei Kang; Juan Ignacio Toledo; Pau Riba; Mauricio Villegas; Alicia Fornes; Marçal Rusiñol |
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Title |
Convolve, Attend and Spell: An Attention-based Sequence-to-Sequence Model for Handwritten Word Recognition |
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Conference Article |
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2018 |
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40th German Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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459-472 |
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This paper proposes Convolve, Attend and Spell, an attention based sequence-to-sequence model for handwritten word recognition. The proposed architecture has three main parts: an encoder, consisting of a CNN and a bi-directional GRU, an attention mechanism devoted to focus on the pertinent features and a decoder formed by a one-directional GRU, able to spell the corresponding word, character by character. Compared with the recent state-of-the-art, our model achieves competitive results on the IAM dataset without needing any pre-processing step, predefined lexicon nor language model. Code and additional results are available in https://github.com/omni-us/research-seq2seq-HTR. |
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Stuttgart; Germany; October 2018 |
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GCPR |
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DAG; 600.097; 603.057; 302.065; 601.302; 600.084; 600.121; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ KTR2018 |
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3167 |
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Author |
Jialuo Chen; Pau Riba; Alicia Fornes; Juan Mas; Josep Llados; Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora |
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Title |
Word-Hunter: A Gamesourcing Experience to Validate the Transcription of Historical Manuscripts |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition |
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528-533 |
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Crowdsourcing; Gamification; Handwritten documents; Performance evaluation |
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Nowadays, there are still many handwritten historical documents in archives waiting to be transcribed and indexed. Since manual transcription is tedious and time consuming, the automatic transcription seems the path to follow. However, the performance of current handwriting recognition techniques is not perfect, so a manual validation is mandatory. Crowdsourcing is a good strategy for manual validation, however it is a tedious task. In this paper we analyze experiences based in gamification
in order to propose and design a gamesourcing framework that increases the interest of users. Then, we describe and analyze our experience when validating the automatic transcription using the gamesourcing application. Moreover, thanks to the combination of clustering and handwriting recognition techniques, we can speed up the validation while maintaining the performance. |
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Niagara Falls, USA; August 2018 |
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ICFHR |
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DAG; 600.097; 603.057; 600.121 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CRF2018 |
Serial |
3169 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Learning Graph Distances with Message Passing Neural Networks |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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2239-2244 |
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★Best Paper Award★ |
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Abstract |
Graph representations have been widely used in pattern recognition thanks to their powerful representation formalism and rich theoretical background. A number of error-tolerant graph matching algorithms such as graph edit distance have been proposed for computing a distance between two labelled graphs. However, they typically suffer from a high
computational complexity, which makes it difficult to apply
these matching algorithms in a real scenario. In this paper, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the emerging field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure and learns a metric with a siamese network approach. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated in two application cases, graph classification and graph retrieval of handwritten words, and shows a promising performance when compared with
(approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. |
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Beijing; China; August 2018 |
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ICPR |
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DAG; 600.097; 603.057; 601.302; 600.121 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RFL2018 |
Serial |
3168 |
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Author |
Manuel Carbonell; Mauricio Villegas; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Joint Recognition of Handwritten Text and Named Entities with a Neural End-to-end Model |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
13th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems |
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399-404 |
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Named entity recognition; Handwritten Text Recognition; neural networks |
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When extracting information from handwritten documents, text transcription and named entity recognition are usually faced as separate subsequent tasks. This has the disadvantage that errors in the first module affect heavily the
performance of the second module. In this work we propose to do both tasks jointly, using a single neural network with a common architecture used for plain text recognition. Experimentally, the work has been tested on a collection of historical marriage records. Results of experiments are presented to show the effect on the performance for different
configurations: different ways of encoding the information, doing or not transfer learning and processing at text line or multi-line region level. The results are comparable to state of the art reported in the ICDAR 2017 Information Extraction competition, even though the proposed technique does not use any dictionaries, language modeling or post processing. |
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Vienna; Austria; April 2018 |
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DAS |
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DAG; 600.097; 603.057; 601.311; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ CVF2018 |
Serial |
3170 |
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Author |
Dena Bazazian |
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Title |
Fully Convolutional Networks for Text Understanding in Scene Images |
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2018 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Text understanding in scene images has gained plenty of attention in the computer vision community and it is an important task in many applications as text carries semantically rich information about scene content and context. For instance, reading text in a scene can be applied to autonomous driving, scene understanding or assisting visually impaired people. The general aim of scene text understanding is to localize and recognize text in scene images. Text regions are first localized in the original image by a trained detector model and afterwards fed into a recognition module. The tasks of localization and recognition are highly correlated since an inaccurate localization can affect the recognition task.
The main purpose of this thesis is to devise efficient methods for scene text understanding. We investigate how the latest results on deep learning can advance text understanding pipelines. Recently, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) and derived methods have achieved a significant performance on semantic segmentation and pixel level classification tasks. Therefore, we took benefit of the strengths of FCN approaches in order to detect text in natural scenes. In this thesis we have focused on two challenging tasks of scene text understanding which are Text Detection and Word Spotting. For the task of text detection, we have proposed an efficient text proposal technique in scene images. We have considered the Text Proposals method as the baseline which is an approach to reduce the search space of possible text regions in an image. In order to improve the Text Proposals method we combined it with Fully Convolutional Networks to efficiently reduce the number of proposals while maintaining the same level of accuracy and thus gaining a significant speed up. Our experiments demonstrate that this text proposal approach yields significantly higher recall rates than the line based text localization techniques, while also producing better-quality localization. We have also applied this technique on compressed images such as videos from wearable egocentric cameras. For the task of word spotting, we have introduced a novel mid-level word representation method. We have proposed a technique to create and exploit an intermediate representation of images based on text attributes which roughly correspond to character probability maps. Our representation extends the concept of Pyramidal Histogram Of Characters (PHOC) by exploiting Fully Convolutional Networks to derive a pixel-wise mapping of the character distribution within candidate word regions. We call this representation the Soft-PHOC. Furthermore, we show how to use Soft-PHOC descriptors for word spotting tasks through an efficient text line proposal algorithm. To evaluate the detected text, we propose a novel line based evaluation along with the classic bounding box based approach. We test our method on incidental scene text images which comprises real-life scenarios such as urban scenes. The importance of incidental scene text images is due to the complexity of backgrounds, perspective, variety of script and language, short text and little linguistic context. All of these factors together makes the incidental scene text images challenging. |
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November 2018 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Dimosthenis Karatzas;Andrew Bagdanov |
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978-84-948531-1-1 |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Baz2018 |
Serial |
3220 |
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Author |
N. Nayef; F. Yin; I. Bizid; H .Choi; Y. Feng; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Z. Luo; Umapada Pal; Christophe Rigaud; J. Chazalon; W. Khlif; Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Jean-Christophe Burie; C.L. Liu; Jean-Marc Ogier |
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ICDAR2017 Robust Reading Challenge on Multi-Lingual Scene Text Detection and Script Identification – RRC-MLT |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1454-1459 |
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Text detection and recognition in a natural environment are key components of many applications, ranging from business card digitization to shop indexation in a street. This competition aims at assessing the ability of state-of-the-art methods to detect Multi-Lingual Text (MLT) in scene images, such as in contents gathered from the Internet media and in modern cities where multiple cultures live and communicate together. This competition is an extension of the Robust Reading Competition (RRC) which has been held since 2003 both in ICDAR and in an online context. The proposed competition is presented as a new challenge of the RRC. The dataset built for this challenge largely extends the previous RRC editions in many aspects: the multi-lingual text, the size of the dataset, the multi-oriented text, the wide variety of scenes. The dataset is comprised of 18,000 images which contain text belonging to 9 languages. The challenge is comprised of three tasks related to text detection and script classification. We have received a total of 16 participations from the research and industrial communities. This paper presents the dataset, the tasks and the findings of this RRC-MLT challenge. |
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Kyoto; Japan; November 2017 |
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978-1-5386-3586-5 |
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ICDAR |
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Notes |
DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ NYB2017 |
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3097 |
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Author |
Oriol Vicente; Alicia Fornes; Ramon Valdes |
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Title |
La Xarxa d Humanitats Digitals de la UABCie: una estructura inteligente para la investigación y la transferencia en Humanidades |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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3rd Congreso Internacional de Humanidades Digitales Hispánicas. Sociedad Internacional |
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281-383 |
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978-84-697-5692-8 |
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HDH |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ VFV2017 |
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3060 |
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Author |
David Aldavert |
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Title |
Efficient and Scalable Handwritten Word Spotting on Historical Documents using Bag of Visual Words |
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2021 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Word spotting can be defined as the pattern recognition tasked aimed at locating and retrieving a specific keyword within a document image collection without explicitly transcribing the whole corpus. Its use is particularly interesting when applied in scenarios where Optical Character Recognition performs poorly or can not be used at all. This thesis focuses on such a scenario, word spotting on historical handwritten documents that have been written by a single author or by multiple authors with a similar calligraphy.
This problem requires a visual signature that is robust to image artifacts, flexible to accommodate script variations and efficient to retrieve information in a rapid manner. For this, we have developed a set of word spotting methods that on their foundation use the well known Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) representation. This representation has gained popularity among the document image analysis community to characterize handwritten words
in an unsupervised manner. However, most approaches on this field rely on a basic BoVW configuration and disregard complex encoding and spatial representations. We determine which BoVW configurations provide the best performance boost to a spotting system.
Then, we extend the segmentation-based word spotting, where word candidates are given a priori, to segmentation-free spotting. The proposed approach seeds the document images with overlapping word location candidates and characterizes them with a BoVW signature. Retrieval is achieved comparing the query and candidate signatures and returning the locations that provide a higher consensus. This is a simple but powerful approach that requires a more compact signature than in a segmentation-based scenario. We first
project the BoVW signature into a reduced semantic topics space and then compress it further using Product Quantizers. The resulting signature only requires a few dozen bytes, allowing us to index thousands of pages on a common desktop computer. The final system still yields a performance comparable to the state-of-the-art despite all the information loss during the compression phases.
Afterwards, we also study how to combine different modalities of information in order to create a query-by-X spotting system where, words are indexed using an information modality and queries are retrieved using another. We consider three different information modalities: visual, textual and audio. Our proposal is to create a latent feature space where features which are semantically related are projected onto the same topics. Creating thus a new feature space where information from different modalities can be compared. Later, we consider the codebook generation and descriptor encoding problem. The codebooks used to encode the BoVW signatures are usually created using an unsupervised clustering algorithm and, they require to test multiple parameters to determine which configuration is best for a certain document collection. We propose a semantic clustering algorithm which allows to estimate the best parameter from data. Since gather annotated data is costly, we use synthetically generated word images. The resulting codebook is database agnostic, i. e. a codebook that yields a good performance on document collections that use the same script. We also propose the use of an additional codebook to approximate descriptors and reduce the descriptor encoding
complexity to sub-linear.
Finally, we focus on the problem of signatures dimensionality. We propose a new symbol probability signature where each bin represents the probability that a certain symbol is present a certain location of the word image. This signature is extremely compact and combined with compression techniques can represent word images with just a few bytes per signature. |
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April 2021 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Marçal Rusiñol;Josep Llados |
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978-84-122714-5-4 |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ Ald2021 |
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3601 |
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Author |
Raul Gomez; Baoguang Shi; Lluis Gomez; Lukas Numann; Andreas Veit; Jiri Matas; Serge Belongie; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
ICDAR2017 Robust Reading Challenge on COCO-Text |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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Kyoto; Japan; November 2017 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GSG2017 |
Serial |
3076 |
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