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Author  |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta |
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Title |
Large-scale Graph Indexing using Binary Embeddings of Node Contexts |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
10th IAPR-TC15 Workshop on Graph-based Representations in Pattern Recognition |
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9069 |
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208-217 |
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Keywords |
Graph matching; Graph indexing; Application in document analysis; Word spotting; Binary embedding |
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Abstract |
Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations in terms of feature vectors. Retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs has the drawback of the high computational complexity required to compare the query and the target graphs. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. In this paper we propose a fast indexation formalism for graph retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Hence, each attribute counts the length of a walk of order k originated in a vertex with label l. Each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in a handwritten word spotting scenario in images of historical documents. |
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Beijing; China; May 2015 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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C.-L.Liu; B.Luo; W.G.Kropatsch; J.Cheng |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-319-18223-0 |
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GbRPR |
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DAG; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RLF2015a |
Serial |
2618 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta |
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Title |
Large-scale graph indexing using binary embeddings of node contexts for information spotting in document image databases |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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Volume |
87 |
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Pages |
203-211 |
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Abstract |
Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations. However, retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs implies a high computational complexity. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. With this aim, in this paper we propose a graph indexation formalism applied to visual retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Then, each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in different real scenarios such as handwritten word spotting in images of historical documents or symbol spotting in architectural floor plans. |
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DAG; 600.097; 602.006; 603.053; 600.121 |
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RLF2017b |
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2873 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Handwritten Word Spotting by Inexact Matching of Grapheme Graphs |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR2015 |
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781 - 785 |
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This paper presents a graph-based word spotting for handwritten documents. Contrary to most word spotting techniques, which use statistical representations, we propose a structural representation suitable to be robust to the inherent deformations of handwriting. Attributed graphs are constructed using a part-based approach. Graphemes extracted from shape convexities are used as stable units of handwriting, and are associated to graph nodes. Then, spatial relations between them determine graph edges. Spotting is defined in terms of an error-tolerant graph matching using bipartite-graph matching algorithm. To make the method usable in large datasets, a graph indexing approach that makes use of binary embeddings is used as preprocessing. Historical documents are used as experimental framework. The approach is comparable to statistical ones in terms of time and memory requirements, especially when dealing with large document collections. |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.077; 600.061; 602.006 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RLF2015b |
Serial |
2642 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Error-tolerant coarse-to-fine matching model for hierarchical graphs |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
11th IAPR-TC-15 International Workshop on Graph-Based Representations in Pattern Recognition |
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Volume |
10310 |
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107-117 |
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Keywords |
Graph matching; Hierarchical graph; Graph-based representation; Coarse-to-fine matching |
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Graph-based representations are effective tools to capture structural information from visual elements. However, retrieving a query graph from a large database of graphs implies a high computational complexity. Moreover, these representations are very sensitive to noise or small changes. In this work, a novel hierarchical graph representation is designed. Using graph clustering techniques adapted from graph-based social media analysis, we propose to generate a hierarchy able to deal with different levels of abstraction while keeping information about the topology. For the proposed representations, a coarse-to-fine matching method is defined. These approaches are validated using real scenarios such as classification of colour images and handwritten word spotting. |
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Anacapri; Italy; May 2017 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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Pasquale Foggia; Cheng-Lin Liu; Mario Vento |
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GbRPR |
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DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 600.121 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RLF2017a |
Serial |
2951 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Hierarchical graphs for coarse-to-fine error tolerant matching |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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Volume |
134 |
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Pages |
116-124 |
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Keywords |
Hierarchical graph representation; Coarse-to-fine graph matching; Graph-based retrieval |
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Abstract |
During the last years, graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their ability to capture both structural and appearance-based information. Thus, they provide a greater representational power than classical statistical frameworks. However, graph-based representations leads to high computational complexities usually dealt by graph embeddings or approximated matching techniques. Despite their representational power, they are very sensitive to noise and small variations of the input image. With the aim to cope with the time complexity and the variability present in the generated graphs, in this paper we propose to construct a novel hierarchical graph representation. Graph clustering techniques adapted from social media analysis have been used in order to contract a graph at different abstraction levels while keeping information about the topology. Abstract nodes attributes summarise information about the contracted graph partition. For the proposed representations, a coarse-to-fine matching technique is defined. Hence, small graphs are used as a filtering before more accurate matching methods are applied. This approach has been validated in real scenarios such as classification of colour images or retrieval of handwritten words (i.e. word spotting). |
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DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 603.057; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ RLF2020 |
Serial |
3349 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Jon Almazan; Alicia Fornes; David Fernandez; Ernest Valveny; Josep Llados |
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Title |
e-Crowds: a mobile platform for browsing and searching in historical demographyrelated manuscripts |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
14th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition |
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228 - 233 |
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This paper presents a prototype system running on portable devices for browsing and word searching through historical handwritten document collections. The platform adapts the paradigm of eBook reading, where the narrative is not necessarily sequential, but centered on the user actions. The novelty is to replace digitally born books by digitized historical manuscripts of marriage licenses, so document analysis tasks are required in the browser. With an active reading paradigm, the user can cast queries of people names, so he/she can implicitly follow genealogical links. In addition, the system allows combined searches: the user can refine a search by adding more words to search. As a second contribution, the retrieval functionality involves as a core technology a word spotting module with an unified approach, which allows combined query searches, and also two input modalities: query-by-example, and query-by-string. |
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Creete Island; Grecia; September 2014 |
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2167-6445 |
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978-1-4799-4335-7 |
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ICFHR |
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DAG; 600.056; 600.045; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ RAF2014 |
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2463 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Anjan Dutta; Lutz Goldmann; Alicia Fornes; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Table Detection in Invoice Documents by Graph Neural Networks |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2019 |
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15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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122-127 |
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Tabular structures in documents offer a complementary dimension to the raw textual data, representing logical or quantitative relationships among pieces of information. In digital mail room applications, where a large amount of
administrative documents must be processed with reasonable accuracy, the detection and interpretation of tables is crucial. Table recognition has gained interest in document image analysis, in particular in unconstrained formats (absence of rule lines, unknown information of rows and columns). In this work, we propose a graph-based approach for detecting tables in document images. Instead of using the raw content (recognized text), we make use of the location, context and content type, thus it is purely a structure perception approach, not dependent on the language and the quality of the text
reading. Our framework makes use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in order to describe the local repetitive structural information of tables in invoice documents. Our proposed model has been experimentally validated in two invoice datasets and achieved encouraging results. Additionally, due to the scarcity
of benchmark datasets for this task, we have contributed to the community a novel dataset derived from the RVL-CDIP invoice data. It will be publicly released to facilitate future research. |
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Sydney; Australia; September 2019 |
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DAG; 600.140; 601.302; 602.167; 600.121; 600.141 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RDG2019 |
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3355 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Sounak Dey |
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Title |
Improving Information Retrieval in Multiwriter Scenario by Exploiting the Similarity Graph of Document Terms |
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Conference Article |
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2017 |
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14th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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475-480 |
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document terms; information retrieval; affinity graph; graph of document terms; multiwriter; graph diffusion |
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Information Retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information resources relevant to a questioned information. It usually retrieves a set of objects ranked according to the relevancy to the needed fact. In document analysis, information retrieval receives a lot of attention in terms of symbol and word spotting. However, through decades the community mostly focused either on printed or on single writer scenario, where the
state-of-the-art results have achieved reasonable performance on the available datasets. Nevertheless, the existing algorithms do not perform accordingly on multiwriter scenario. A graph representing relations between a set of objects is a structure where each node delineates an individual element and the similarity between them is represented as a weight on the connecting edge. In this paper, we explore different analytics of graphs constructed from words or graphical symbols, such as diffusion, shortest path, etc. to improve the performance of information retrieval methods in multiwriter scenario |
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DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ RDL2017a |
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3053 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Graph-based deep learning for graphics classification |
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2017 |
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12th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition |
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29-30 |
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Graph-based representations are a common way to deal with graphics recognition problems. However, previous works were mainly focused on developing learning-free techniques. The success of deep learning frameworks have proved that learning is a powerful tool to solve many problems, however it is not straightforward to extend these methodologies to non euclidean data such as graphs. On the other hand, graphs are a good representational structure for graphical entities. In this work, we present some deep learning techniques that have been proposed in the literature for graph-based representations and
we show how they can be used in graphics recognition problems |
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GREC |
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DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ RDL2017b |
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3058 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Learning Graph Distances with Message Passing Neural Networks |
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2018 |
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24th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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2239-2244 |
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★Best Paper Award★ |
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Graph representations have been widely used in pattern recognition thanks to their powerful representation formalism and rich theoretical background. A number of error-tolerant graph matching algorithms such as graph edit distance have been proposed for computing a distance between two labelled graphs. However, they typically suffer from a high
computational complexity, which makes it difficult to apply
these matching algorithms in a real scenario. In this paper, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the emerging field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure and learns a metric with a siamese network approach. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated in two application cases, graph classification and graph retrieval of handwritten words, and shows a promising performance when compared with
(approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. |
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Beijing; China; August 2018 |
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ICPR |
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DAG; 600.097; 603.057; 601.302; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ RFL2018 |
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3168 |
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