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Author Josep Llados; Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti edit  isbn
openurl 
  Title Symbol Recognition in Document Image Analysis: Methods and Challenges Type Book Chapter
  Year 2000 Publication Recent Research Developments in Pattern Recognition, Transworld Research Network, Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 151–178.  
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  ISSN ISBN 81-86846-61-1 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LVM2000 Serial 1575  
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Author Josep Llados; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti edit  url
isbn  openurl
  Title A Case Study of Pattern Recognition: Symbol Recognition in Graphic Documentsa Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proceedings of Pattern Recognition in Information Systems Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-13  
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  Address Angers, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher ICEIS Press Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 972-98816-3-4 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference PRIS'03  
  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LVS2003 Serial 1576  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Interpretacio de dibuixos lineals mitjançant tècniques d isomorfisme entre grafs Type Conference Article
  Year 1995 Publication Trobada de Joves Investigadors Abbreviated Journal (up)  
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  Abstract L’anàlisi de documents té com a objectiu la interpretació automàtica de documents impresos sobre paper, amb la finalitat d’obtenir una descripció simbòlica d’aquests, que permeti el seu emmagatzemament i posterior tractament computacional. Les tècniques basades en grafs relacionals d’atributs permeten representar de manera compacta la informació continguda en dibuixos lineals i mitjançant mecanismes d’isomorfisme entre grafs, reconèixer-hi certes estructures i d’aquesta manera, interpretar el document. En aquest treball es dóna una visió general de les tènciques de grafs aplicades al reconeixement visual d’objectes en problemes d’anàlisi de documents. Aquestes tècniques s’il·lustren amb un exemple de reconeixement de plànols dibuixats a mà alçada. Finalment es proposa la utilització de tècniques de Hough com a mecanisme per accelerar el procés de reconeixement aplicant un cert coneixement sobre el domini en el que es treballa  
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  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LlM1995 Serial 1578  
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Author Josep Llados; Jaime Lopez-Krahe; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Hand drawn document understanding using the straight line Hough transform and graph matching Type Conference Article
  Year 1996 Publication Proceedings of the 13th International Pattern Recognition Conference (ICPR’96) Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 497-501  
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  Abstract This paper presents a system to understand hand drawn architectural drawings in a CAD environment. The procedure is to identify in a floor plan the building elements, stored in a library of patterns, and their spatial relationships. The vectorized input document and the patterns to recognize are represented by attributed graphs. To recognize the patterns as such, we apply a structural approach based on subgraph isomorphism techniques. In spite of their value, graph matching techniques do not recognize adequately those building elements characterized by hatching patterns, i.e. walls. Here we focus on the recognition of hatching patterns and develop a straight line Hough transform based method in order to detect the regions filled in with parallel straight fines. This allows not only to recognize filling patterns, but it actually reduces the computational load associated with the subgraph isomorphism computation. The result is that the document can be redrawn by editing all the patterns recognized  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Vienna , Austria Editor  
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  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LLM1996 Serial 1579  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti; Jaime Lopez-Krahe edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A Hough-based method for hatched pattern detection in maps and diagrams Type Conference Article
  Year 1999 Publication Proceeding of the Fifth Int. Conf. Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR ’99 Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 479-482  
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  Abstract A hatched area is characterized by a set of parallel straight lines placed at regular intervals. In this paper, a Hough-based schema is introduced to recognize hatched areas in technical documents from attributed graph structures representing the document once it has been vectorized. Defining a Hough-based transform from a graph instead of the raster image allows to drastically reduce the processing time and, second, to obtain more reliable results because straight lines have already been detected in the vectorization step. A second advantage of the proposed method is that no assumptions must be made a priori about the slope and frequency of hatching patterns, but they are computed in run time for each hatched area.  
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  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LIM1999b Serial 1580  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti; Juan J.Villanueva edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Symbol recognition by error-tolerant subgraph matching between region adjacency graphs Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 23 Issue 10 Pages 1137-1143  
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  Abstract The recognition of symbols in graphic documents is an intensive research activity in the community of pattern recognition and document analysis. A key issue in the interpretation of maps, engineering drawings, diagrams, etc. is the recognition of domain dependent symbols according to a symbol database. In this work we first review the most outstanding symbol recognition methods from two different points of view: application domains and pattern recognition methods. In the second part of the paper, open and unaddressed problems involved in symbol recognition are described, analyzing their current state of art and discussing future research challenges. Thus, issues such as symbol representation, matching, segmentation, learning, scalability of recognition methods and performance evaluation are addressed in this work. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of symbol recognition concerning to new paradigms such as user interfaces in handheld computers or document database and WWW indexing by graphical content.  
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  Notes DAG;IAM;ISE; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LMV2001 Serial 1581  
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Author Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit  openurl
  Title Segmentation and analysis of linial texture in plans Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Actes de la conférence Artificielle et Complexité. Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Structural Texture, Voronoi, Hierarchical Clustering, String Matching.  
  Abstract The problem of texture segmentation and interpretation is one of the main concerns in the field of document analysis. Graphical documents often contain areas characterized by a structural texture whose recognition allows both the document understanding, and its storage in a more compact way. In this work, we focus on structural linial textures of regular repetition contained in plan documents. Starting from an atributed graph which represents the vectorized input image, we develop a method to segment textured areas and recognize their placement rules. We wish to emphasize that the searched textures do not follow a predefined pattern. Minimal closed loops of the input graph are computed, and then hierarchically clustered. In this hierarchical clustering, a distance function between two closed loops is defined in terms of their areas difference and boundary resemblance computed by a string matching procedure. Finally it is noted that, when the texture consists of isolated primitive elements, the same method can be used after computing a Voronoi Tesselation of the input graph.  
  Address Paris, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Paris Editor  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference AERFAI  
  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ SLM1997 Serial 1649  
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Author Gemma Sanchez; Ernest Valveny; Josep Llados; Enric Marti; Oriol Ramos Terrades; N.Lozano; Joan Mas edit  openurl
  Title A system for virtual prototyping of architectural projects Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proceedings of Fifth IAPR International Workshop on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 65-74  
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  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ SVL2003 Serial 1650  
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Author Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Learning of structural descriptions of graphic symbols using deformable template matching Type Conference Article
  Year 2001 Publication Proc. Sixth Int Document Analysis and Recognition Conf Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 455-459  
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  Abstract Accurate symbol recognition in graphic documents needs an accurate representation of the symbols to be recognized. If structural approaches are used for recognition, symbols have to be described in terms of their shape, using structural relationships among extracted features. Unlike statistical pattern recognition, in structural methods, symbols are usually manually defined from expertise knowledge, and not automatically infered from sample images. In this work we explain one approach to learn from examples a representative structural description of a symbol, thus providing better information about shape variability. The description of a symbol is based on a probabilistic model. It consists of a set of lines described by the mean and the variance of line parameters, respectively providing information about the model of the symbol, and its shape variability. The representation of each image in the sample set as a set of lines is achieved using deformable template matching.  
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  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ VMA2001 Serial 1654  
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Author Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Deformable Template Matching within a Bayesian Framework for Hand-Written Graphic Symbol Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication Graphics Recognition Recent Advances Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 1941 Issue Pages 193-208  
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  Abstract We describe a method for hand-drawn symbol recognition based on deformable template matching able to handle uncertainty and imprecision inherent to hand-drawing. Symbols are represented as a set of straight lines and their deformations as geometric transformations of these lines. Matching, however, is done over the original binary image to avoid loss of information during line detection. It is defined as an energy minimization problem, using a Bayesian framework which allows to combine fidelity to ideal shape of the symbol and flexibility to modify the symbol in order to get the best fit to the binary input image. Prior to matching, we find the best global transformation of the symbol to start the recognition process, based on the distance between symbol lines and image lines. We have applied this method to the recognition of dimensions and symbols in architectural floor plans and we show its flexibility to recognize distorted symbols.  
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  Corporate Author Springer Verlag Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Verlag Place of Publication Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ MVA2000 Serial 1655  
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