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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Antonio Lopez; Theo Gevers; Felipe Lumbreras |
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Title |
Combining Priors, Appearance and Context for Road Detection |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
TITS |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1168-1178 |
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Keywords |
Illuminant invariance; lane markings; road detection; road prior; road scene understanding; vanishing point; 3-D scene layout |
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Abstract |
Detecting the free road surface ahead of a moving vehicle is an important research topic in different areas of computer vision, such as autonomous driving or car collision warning.
Current vision-based road detection methods are usually based solely on low-level features. Furthermore, they generally assume structured roads, road homogeneity, and uniform lighting conditions, constraining their applicability in real-world scenarios. In this paper, road priors and contextual information are introduced for road detection. First, we propose an algorithm to estimate road priors online using geographical information, providing relevant initial information about the road location. Then, contextual cues, including horizon lines, vanishing points, lane markings, 3-D scene layout, and road geometry, are used in addition to low-level cues derived from the appearance of roads. Finally, a generative model is used to combine these cues and priors, leading to a road detection method that is, to a large degree, robust to varying imaging conditions, road types, and scenarios. |
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IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS; 600.076;ISE |
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Admin @ si @ ALG2014 |
Serial |
2501 |
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Author |
Jaume Amores |
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Title |
Multiple Instance Classification: review, taxonomy and comparative study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Artificial Intelligence |
Abbreviated Journal |
AI |
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Volume |
201 |
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Pages |
81-105 |
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Keywords |
Multi-instance learning; Codebook; Bag-of-Words |
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Abstract |
Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has become an important topic in the pattern recognition community, and many solutions to this problemhave been proposed until now. Despite this fact, there is a lack of comparative studies that shed light into the characteristics and behavior of the different methods. In this work we provide such an analysis focused on the classification task (i.e.,leaving out other learning tasks such as regression). In order to perform our study, we implemented
fourteen methods grouped into three different families. We analyze the performance of the approaches across a variety of well-known databases, and we also study their behavior in synthetic scenarios in order to highlight their characteristics. As a result of this analysis, we conclude that methods that extract global bag-level information show a clearly superior performance in general. In this sense, the analysis permits us to understand why some types of methods are more successful than others, and it permits us to establish guidelines in the design of new MIL
methods. |
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Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. Essex, UK |
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0004-3702 |
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ADAS; 601.042; 600.057 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Amo2013 |
Serial |
2273 |
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Author |
Jaume Amores |
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Title |
MILDE: multiple instance learning by discriminative embedding |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Knowledge and Information Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
KAIS |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
381-407 |
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Keywords |
Multi-instance learning; Codebook; Bag of words |
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Abstract |
While the objective of the standard supervised learning problem is to classify feature vectors, in the multiple instance learning problem, the objective is to classify bags, where each bag contains multiple feature vectors. This represents a generalization of the standard problem, and this generalization becomes necessary in many real applications such as drug activity prediction, content-based image retrieval, and others. While the existing paradigms are based on learning the discriminant information either at the instance level or at the bag level, we propose to incorporate both levels of information. This is done by defining a discriminative embedding of the original space based on the responses of cluster-adapted instance classifiers. Results clearly show the advantage of the proposed method over the state of the art, where we tested the performance through a variety of well-known databases that come from real problems, and we also included an analysis of the performance using synthetically generated data. |
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Springer London |
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0219-1377 |
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ADAS; 601.042; 600.057; 600.076 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Amo2015 |
Serial |
2383 |
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Author |
David Aldavert; Marçal Rusiñol; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados |
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Title |
A Study of Bag-of-Visual-Words Representations for Handwritten Keyword Spotting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
223-234 |
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Keywords |
Bag-of-Visual-Words; Keyword spotting; Handwritten documents; Performance evaluation |
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Abstract |
The Bag-of-Visual-Words (BoVW) framework has gained popularity among the document image analysis community, specifically as a representation of handwritten words for recognition or spotting purposes. Although in the computer vision field the BoVW method has been greatly improved, most of the approaches in the document image analysis domain still rely on the basic implementation of the BoVW method disregarding such latest refinements. In this paper, we present a review of those improvements and its application to the keyword spotting task. We thoroughly evaluate their impact against a baseline system in the well-known George Washington dataset and compare the obtained results against nine state-of-the-art keyword spotting methods. In addition, we also compare both the baseline and improved systems with the methods presented at the Handwritten Keyword Spotting Competition 2014. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.055; 600.061; 601.223; 600.077; 600.097 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ ART2015 |
Serial |
2679 |
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Author |
Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Angel Sappa; Cristhian Aguilera; Ricardo Toledo |
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Title |
Cross-Spectral Local Descriptors via Quadruplet Network |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
SENS |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
873 |
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Abstract |
This paper presents a novel CNN-based architecture, referred to as Q-Net, to learn local feature descriptors that are useful for matching image patches from two different spectral bands. Given correctly matched and non-matching cross-spectral image pairs, a quadruplet network is trained to map input image patches to a common Euclidean space, regardless of the input spectral band. Our approach is inspired by the recent success of triplet networks in the visible spectrum, but adapted for cross-spectral scenarios, where, for each matching pair, there are always two possible non-matching patches: one for each spectrum. Experimental evaluations on a public cross-spectral VIS-NIR dataset shows that the proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art. Moreover, the proposed technique can also be used in mono-spectral settings, obtaining a similar performance to triplet network descriptors, but requiring less training data. |
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ADAS; 600.086; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ ASA2017 |
Serial |
2914 |
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Author |
Xavier Boix; Josep M. Gonfaus; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov; Joan Serrat; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Harmony Potentials: Fusing Global and Local Scale for Semantic Image Segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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96 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
83-102 |
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Abstract |
The Hierarchical Conditional Random Field(HCRF) model have been successfully applied to a number of image labeling problems, including image segmentation. However, existing HCRF models of image segmentation do not allow multiple classes to be assigned to a single region, which limits their ability to incorporate contextual information across multiple scales.
At higher scales in the image, this representation yields an oversimpli ed model since multiple classes can be reasonably expected to appear within large regions. This simpli ed model particularly limits the impact of information at higher scales. Since class-label information at these scales is usually more reliable than at lower, noisier scales, neglecting this information is undesirable. To
address these issues, we propose a new consistency potential for image labeling problems, which we call the harmony potential. It can encode any possible combi-
nation of labels, penalizing only unlikely combinations of classes. We also propose an e ective sampling strategy over this expanded label set that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem. Our approach obtains state-of-the-art results on two challenging, standard benchmark datasets for semantic image segmentation: PASCAL VOC 2010, and MSRC-21. |
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0920-5691 |
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ISE;CIC;ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ BGW2012 |
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1718 |
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Author |
Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Multimodal Stereo Vision System: 3D Data Extraction and Algorithm Evaluation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing |
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J-STSP |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
437-446 |
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This paper proposes an imaging system for computing sparse depth maps from multispectral images. A special stereo head consisting of an infrared and a color camera defines the proposed multimodal acquisition system. The cameras are rigidly attached so that their image planes are parallel. Details about the calibration and image rectification procedure are provided. Sparse disparity maps are obtained by the combined use of mutual information enriched with gradient information. The proposed approach is evaluated using a Receiver Operating Characteristics curve. Furthermore, a multispectral dataset, color and infrared images, together with their corresponding ground truth disparity maps, is generated and used as a test bed. Experimental results in real outdoor scenarios are provided showing its viability and that the proposed approach is not restricted to a specific domain. |
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1932-4553 |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ BLS2012b |
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2155 |
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Author |
Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Multispectral Piecewise Planar Stereo using Manhattan-World Assumption |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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34 |
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1 |
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52-61 |
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Multispectral stereo rig; Dense disparity maps from multispectral stereo; Color and infrared images |
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This paper proposes a new framework for extracting dense disparity maps from a multispectral stereo rig. The system is constructed with an infrared and a color camera. It is intended to explore novel multispectral stereo matching approaches that will allow further extraction of semantic information. The proposed framework consists of three stages. Firstly, an initial sparse disparity map is generated by using a cost function based on feature matching in a multiresolution scheme. Then, by looking at the color image, a set of planar hypotheses is defined to describe the surfaces on the scene. Finally, the previous stages are combined by reformulating the disparity computation as a global minimization problem. The paper has two main contributions. The first contribution combines mutual information with a shape descriptor based on gradient in a multiresolution scheme. The second contribution, which is based on the Manhattan-world assumption, extracts a dense disparity representation using the graph cut algorithm. Experimental results in outdoor scenarios are provided showing the validity of the proposed framework. |
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ADAS; 600.054; 600.055; 605.203 |
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Admin @ si @ BLS2013 |
Serial |
2245 |
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Author |
Francisco Blanco; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Roswitha Siener; Silvia Serranti; Giuseppe Bonifazi; Montserrat Lopez Mesas; Manuel Valiente |
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Title |
Taking advantage of Hyperspectral Imaging classification of urinary stones against conventional IR Spectroscopy |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of Biomedical Optics |
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JBiO |
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19 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
126004-1 - 126004-9 |
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The analysis of urinary stones is mandatory for the best management of the disease after the stone passage in order to prevent further stone episodes. Thus the use of an appropriate methodology for an individualized stone analysis becomes a key factor for giving the patient the most suitable treatment. A recently developed hyperspectral imaging methodology, based on pixel-to-pixel analysis of near-infrared spectral images, is compared to the reference technique in stone analysis, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The developed classification model yields >90% correct classification rate when compared to IR and is able to precisely locate stone components within the structure of the stone with a 15 µm resolution. Due to the little sample pretreatment, low analysis time, good performance of the model, and the automation of the measurements, they become analyst independent; this methodology can be considered to become a routine analysis for clinical laboratories. |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ BLS2014 |
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2563 |
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Author |
J.S. Cope; P.Remagnino; S.Mannan; Katerine Diaz; Francesc J. Ferri; P.Wilkin |
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Title |
Reverse Engineering Expert Visual Observations: From Fixations To The Learning Of Spatial Filters With A Neural-Gas Algorithm |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Expert Systems with Applications |
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EXWA |
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40 |
Issue |
17 |
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6707-6712 |
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Neural gas; Expert vision; Eye-tracking; Fixations |
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Human beings can become experts in performing specific vision tasks, for example, doctors analysing medical images, or botanists studying leaves. With sufficient knowledge and experience, people can become very efficient at such tasks. When attempting to perform these tasks with a machine vision system, it would be highly beneficial to be able to replicate the process which the expert undergoes. Advances in eye-tracking technology can provide data to allow us to discover the manner in which an expert studies an image. This paper presents a first step towards utilizing these data for computer vision purposes. A growing-neural-gas algorithm is used to learn a set of Gabor filters which give high responses to image regions which a human expert fixated on. These filters can then be used to identify regions in other images which are likely to be useful for a given vision task. The algorithm is evaluated by learning filters for locating specific areas of plant leaves. |
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0957-4174 |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ CRM2013 |
Serial |
2438 |
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