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Author Katerine Diaz; Jesus Martinez del Rincon; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Debora Gil edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Continuous head pose estimation using manifold subspace embedding and multivariate regression Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication IEEE Access Abbreviated Journal ACCESS  
  Volume 6 Issue Pages 18325 - 18334  
  Keywords Head Pose estimation; HOG features; Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors; B-splines; Multiple linear regression  
  Abstract In this paper, a continuous head pose estimation system is proposed to estimate yaw and pitch head angles from raw facial images. Our approach is based on manifold learningbased methods, due to their promising generalization properties shown for face modelling from images. The method combines histograms of oriented gradients, generalized discriminative common vectors and continuous local regression to achieve successful performance. Our proposal was tested on multiple standard face datasets, as well as in a realistic scenario. Results show a considerable performance improvement and a higher consistence of our model in comparison with other state-of-art methods, with angular errors varying between 9 and 17 degrees.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-3536 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ DMH2018b Serial 3091  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Katerine Diaz; Jesus Martinez del Rincon; Marçal Rusiñol; Aura Hernandez-Sabate edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Feature Extraction by Using Dual-Generalized Discriminative Common Vectors Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision Abbreviated Journal JMIV  
  Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 331-351  
  Keywords Online feature extraction; Generalized discriminative common vectors; Dual learning; Incremental learning; Decremental learning  
  Abstract In this paper, a dual online subspace-based learning method called dual-generalized discriminative common vectors (Dual-GDCV) is presented. The method extends incremental GDCV by exploiting simultaneously both the concepts of incremental and decremental learning for supervised feature extraction and classification. Our methodology is able to update the feature representation space without recalculating the full projection or accessing the previously processed training data. It allows both adding information and removing unnecessary data from a knowledge base in an efficient way, while retaining the previously acquired knowledge. The proposed method has been theoretically proved and empirically validated in six standard face recognition and classification datasets, under two scenarios: (1) removing and adding samples of existent classes, and (2) removing and adding new classes to a classification problem. Results show a considerable computational gain without compromising the accuracy of the model in comparison with both batch methodologies and other state-of-art adaptive methods.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; ADAS; 600.084; 600.118; 600.121; 600.129 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ DRR2019 Serial 3172  
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Author Ferran Diego; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Joint spatio-temporal alignment of sequences Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication IEEE Transactions on Multimedia Abbreviated Journal TMM  
  Volume 15 Issue 6 Pages 1377-1387  
  Keywords video alignment  
  Abstract Video alignment is important in different areas of computer vision such as wide baseline matching, action recognition, change detection, video copy detection and frame dropping prevention. Current video alignment methods usually deal with a relatively simple case of fixed or rigidly attached cameras or simultaneous acquisition. Therefore, in this paper we propose a joint video alignment for bringing two video sequences into a spatio-temporal alignment. Specifically, the novelty of the paper is to formulate the video alignment to fold the spatial and temporal alignment into a single alignment framework. This simultaneously satisfies a frame-correspondence and frame-alignment similarity; exploiting the knowledge among neighbor frames by a standard pairwise Markov random field (MRF). This new formulation is able to handle the alignment of sequences recorded at different times by independent moving cameras that follows a similar trajectory, and also generalizes the particular cases that of fixed geometric transformation and/or linear temporal mapping. We conduct experiments on different scenarios such as sequences recorded simultaneously or by moving cameras to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed method provides the highest video alignment accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods on sequences recorded from vehicles driving along the same track at different times.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1520-9210 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ DSL2013; ADAS @ adas @ Serial 2228  
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Author Zhijie Fang; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Intention Recognition of Pedestrians and Cyclists by 2D Pose Estimation Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Abbreviated Journal TITS  
  Volume 21 Issue 11 Pages 4773 - 4783  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Anticipating the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists is critical for performing safe and comfortable driving maneuvers. This is the case for human driving and, thus, should be taken into account by systems providing any level of driving assistance, from advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) to fully autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we show how the latest advances on monocular vision-based human pose estimation, i.e. those relying on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), enable to recognize the intentions of such VRUs. In the case of cyclists, we assume that they follow traffic rules to indicate future maneuvers with arm signals. In the case of pedestrians, no indications can be assumed. Instead, we hypothesize that the walking pattern of a pedestrian allows to determine if he/she has the intention of crossing the road in the path of the ego-vehicle, so that the ego-vehicle must maneuver accordingly (e.g. slowing down or stopping). In this paper, we show how the same methodology can be used for recognizing pedestrians and cyclists' intentions. For pedestrians, we perform experiments on the JAAD dataset. For cyclists, we did not found an analogous dataset, thus, we created our own one by acquiring and annotating videos which we share with the research community. Overall, the proposed pipeline provides new state-of-the-art results on the intention recognition of VRUs.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ FaL2019 Serial 3305  
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Author Zhijie Fang; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title On-Board Detection of Pedestrian Intentions Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 17 Issue 10 Pages 2193  
  Keywords pedestrian intention; ADAS; self-driving  
  Abstract Avoiding vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes is a critical requirement for nowadays advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) and future self-driving vehicles. Accordingly, detecting pedestrians from raw sensor data has a history of more than 15 years of research, with vision playing a central role.
During the last years, deep learning has boosted the accuracy of image-based pedestrian detectors.
However, detection is just the first step towards answering the core question, namely is the vehicle going to crash with a pedestrian provided preventive actions are not taken? Therefore, knowing as soon as possible if a detected pedestrian has the intention of crossing the road ahead of the vehicle is
essential for performing safe and comfortable maneuvers that prevent a crash. However, compared to pedestrian detection, there is relatively little literature on detecting pedestrian intentions. This paper aims to contribute along this line by presenting a new vision-based approach which analyzes the
pose of a pedestrian along several frames to determine if he or she is going to enter the road or not. We present experiments showing 750 ms of anticipation for pedestrians crossing the road, which at a typical urban driving speed of 50 km/h can provide 15 additional meters (compared to a pure pedestrian detector) for vehicle automatic reactions or to warn the driver. Moreover, in contrast with state-of-the-art methods, our approach is monocular, neither requiring stereo nor optical flow information.		  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; 601.223; 600.116; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ FVL2017 Serial 2983  
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Author Adrien Gaidon; Antonio Lopez; Florent Perronnin edit  url
openurl 
  Title The Reasonable Effectiveness of Synthetic Visual Data Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication International Journal of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal IJCV  
  Volume 126 Issue 9 Pages 899–901  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ GLP2018 Serial 3180  
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Author David Geronimo; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez; Ramon Baldrich edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Traffic sign recognition for computer vision project-based learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication IEEE Transactions on Education Abbreviated Journal T-EDUC  
  Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 364-371  
  Keywords traffic signs  
  Abstract This paper presents a graduate course project on computer vision. The aim of the project is to detect and recognize traffic signs in video sequences recorded by an on-board vehicle camera. This is a demanding problem, given that traffic sign recognition is one of the most challenging problems for driving assistance systems. Equally, it is motivating for the students given that it is a real-life problem. Furthermore, it gives them the opportunity to appreciate the difficulty of real-world vision problems and to assess the extent to which this problem can be solved by modern computer vision and pattern classification techniques taught in the classroom. The learning objectives of the course are introduced, as are the constraints imposed on its design, such as the diversity of students' background and the amount of time they and their instructors dedicate to the course. The paper also describes the course contents, schedule, and how the project-based learning approach is applied. The outcomes of the course are discussed, including both the students' marks and their personal feedback.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0018-9359 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; CIC Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ GSL2013; ADAS @ adas @ Serial 2160  
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Author Akhil Gurram; Ahmet Faruk Tuna; Fengyi Shen; Onay Urfalioglu; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Monocular Depth Estimation through Virtual-world Supervision and Real-world SfM Self-Supervision Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Abbreviated Journal TITS  
  Volume 23 Issue 8 Pages 12738-12751  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Depth information is essential for on-board perception in autonomous driving and driver assistance. Monocular depth estimation (MDE) is very appealing since it allows for appearance and depth being on direct pixelwise correspondence without further calibration. Best MDE models are based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained in a supervised manner, i.e., assuming pixelwise ground truth (GT). Usually, this GT is acquired at training time through a calibrated multi-modal suite of sensors. However, also using only a monocular system at training time is cheaper and more scalable. This is possible by relying on structure-from-motion (SfM) principles to generate self-supervision. Nevertheless, problems of camouflaged objects, visibility changes, static-camera intervals, textureless areas, and scale ambiguity, diminish the usefulness of such self-supervision. In this paper, we perform monocular depth estimation by virtual-world supervision (MonoDEVS) and real-world SfM self-supervision. We compensate the SfM self-supervision limitations by leveraging virtual-world images with accurate semantic and depth supervision and addressing the virtual-to-real domain gap. Our MonoDEVSNet outperforms previous MDE CNNs trained on monocular and even stereo sequences.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ GTS2021 Serial 3598  
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Author Akhil Gurram; Onay Urfalioglu; Ibrahim Halfaoui; Fahd Bouzaraa; Antonio Lopez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Semantic Monocular Depth Estimation Based on Artificial Intelligence Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine Abbreviated Journal ITSM  
  Volume 13 Issue 4 Pages 99-103  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Depth estimation provides essential information to perform autonomous driving and driver assistance. A promising line of work consists of introducing additional semantic information about the traffic scene when training CNNs for depth estimation. In practice, this means that the depth data used for CNN training is complemented with images having pixel-wise semantic labels where the same raw training data is associated with both types of ground truth, i.e., depth and semantic labels. The main contribution of this paper is to show that this hard constraint can be circumvented, i.e., that we can train CNNs for depth estimation by leveraging the depth and semantic information coming from heterogeneous datasets. In order to illustrate the benefits of our approach, we combine KITTI depth and Cityscapes semantic segmentation datasets, outperforming state-of-the-art results on monocular depth estimation.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ GUH2019 Serial 3306  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jose L. Gomez; Gabriel Villalonga; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Co-Training for Deep Object Detection: Comparing Single-Modal and Multi-Modal Approaches Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 3185  
  Keywords co-training; multi-modality; vision-based object detection; ADAS; self-driving  
  Abstract Top-performing computer vision models are powered by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Training an accurate CNN highly depends on both the raw sensor data and their associated ground truth (GT). Collecting such GT is usually done through human labeling, which is time-consuming and does not scale as we wish. This data-labeling bottleneck may be intensified due to domain shifts among image sensors, which could force per-sensor data labeling. In this paper, we focus on the use of co-training, a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method, for obtaining self-labeled object bounding boxes (BBs), i.e., the GT to train deep object detectors. In particular, we assess the goodness of multi-modal co-training by relying on two different views of an image, namely, appearance (RGB) and estimated depth (D). Moreover, we compare appearance-based single-modal co-training with multi-modal. Our results suggest that in a standard SSL setting (no domain shift, a few human-labeled data) and under virtual-to-real domain shift (many virtual-world labeled data, no human-labeled data) multi-modal co-training outperforms single-modal. In the latter case, by performing GAN-based domain translation both co-training modalities are on par, at least when using an off-the-shelf depth estimation model not specifically trained on the translated images.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Admin @ si @ GVL2021 Serial 3562  
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