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Author Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Enric Marti edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Structural Recognition of hand drawn floor plans Type Conference Article
  Year 1996 Publication VI National Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Rotational Symmetry; Reflectional Symmetry; String Matching.  
  Abstract A system to recognize hand drawn architectural drawings in a CAD environment has been deve- loped. In this paper we focus on its high level interpretation module. To interpret a floor plan, the system must identify several building elements, whose description is stored in a library of pat- terns, as well as their spatial relationships. We propose a structural approach based on subgraph isomorphism techniques to obtain a high-level interpretation of the document. The vectorized input document and the patterns to be recognized are represented by attributed graphs. Discrete relaxation techniques (AC4 algorithm) have been applied to develop the matching algorithm. The process has been divided in three steps: node labeling, local consistency and global consistency verification. The hand drawn creation causes disturbed line drawings with several accuracy errors, which must be taken into account. Here we have identified them and the AC4 algorithm has been adapted to manage them.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Cordoba Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LIM1995 Serial 1565  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit  openurl
  Title Playing with error-tolerant subgraph isomorphism in line drawings Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication VII National Symposium on Pattern Recognition and image Analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LlM1997 Serial 1570  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti; Jordi Regincos edit  openurl
  Title Interpretación de diseños a mano alzada como técnica de entrada a un sistema CAD en un ámbito de arquitectura Type Conference Article
  Year 1993 Publication III National Conference on Computer Graphics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract En los últimos años, se ha introducido ámpliamente el uso de los sistemas CAD en dominios relacionados con la arquitectura. Dichos sistemas CAD son muy útiles para el arquitecto en el diseño de planos de plantas de edificios. Sin embargo, la utilización eficiente de un CAD requiere un tiempo de aprendizaje, en especial, en la etapa de creación y edición del diseño. Además, una vez familiarizado con un CAD, el arquitecto debe adaptarse a la simbología que éste le permite que, en algunos casos puede ser poco flexible.Con esta motivación, se propone una técnica alternativa de entrada de documentos en sistemas CAD. Dicha técnica se basa en el diseño del plano sobre papel mediante un dibujo lineal hecho a mano alzada a modo de boceto e introducido mediante scanner. Una vez interpretado este dibujo inicial e introducido en el CAD, el arquitecto sólo deber hacer sobre éste los retoques finales del documento.El sistema de entrada propuesto se compone de dos módulos principales: En primer lugar, la extracción de características (puntos característicos, rectas y arcos) de la imagen obtenida mediante scanner. En dicho módulo se aplican principalmente técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes obteniendo como resultado una representaci¢n del dibujo de entrada basada en grafos de atributos. El objetivo del segundo módulo es el de encontrar y reconocer las entidades integrantes del documento (puertas, mesas, etc.) en base a una biblioteca de símbolos definida en el sistema CAD. La implementación de dicho módulo se basa en técnicas de isomorfismo de grafos.El sistema propone una alternativa que permita, mediante el diseño a mano alzada, la introducción de la informaci¢n m s significativa del plano de forma rápida, sencilla y estandarizada por parte del usuario.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Granada Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LMR1993 Serial 1571  
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Author Josep Llados; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti edit  url
isbn  openurl
  Title A Case Study of Pattern Recognition: Symbol Recognition in Graphic Documentsa Type Conference Article
  Year 2003 Publication Proceedings of Pattern Recognition in Information Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-13  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address Angers, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher ICEIS Press Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 972-98816-3-4 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference PRIS'03  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LVS2003 Serial 1576  
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Author Josep Llados; Jaime Lopez-Krahe; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Hand drawn document understanding using the straight line Hough transform and graph matching Type Conference Article
  Year 1996 Publication Proceedings of the 13th International Pattern Recognition Conference (ICPR’96) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 497-501  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper presents a system to understand hand drawn architectural drawings in a CAD environment. The procedure is to identify in a floor plan the building elements, stored in a library of patterns, and their spatial relationships. The vectorized input document and the patterns to recognize are represented by attributed graphs. To recognize the patterns as such, we apply a structural approach based on subgraph isomorphism techniques. In spite of their value, graph matching techniques do not recognize adequately those building elements characterized by hatching patterns, i.e. walls. Here we focus on the recognition of hatching patterns and develop a straight line Hough transform based method in order to detect the regions filled in with parallel straight fines. This allows not only to recognize filling patterns, but it actually reduces the computational load associated with the subgraph isomorphism computation. The result is that the document can be redrawn by editing all the patterns recognized  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Vienna , Austria Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LLM1996 Serial 1579  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti; Jaime Lopez-Krahe edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A Hough-based method for hatched pattern detection in maps and diagrams Type Conference Article
  Year 1999 Publication Proceeding of the Fifth Int. Conf. Document Analysis and Recognition ICDAR ’99 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 479-482  
  Keywords  
  Abstract A hatched area is characterized by a set of parallel straight lines placed at regular intervals. In this paper, a Hough-based schema is introduced to recognize hatched areas in technical documents from attributed graph structures representing the document once it has been vectorized. Defining a Hough-based transform from a graph instead of the raster image allows to drastically reduce the processing time and, second, to obtain more reliable results because straight lines have already been detected in the vectorization step. A second advantage of the proposed method is that no assumptions must be made a priori about the slope and frequency of hatching patterns, but they are computed in run time for each hatched area.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LIM1999b Serial 1580  
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Author Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit  url
openurl 
  Title Segmentation and analysis of linial texture in plans Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication Intelligence Artificielle et Complexité. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Structural Texture, Voronoi, Hierarchical Clustering, String Matching.  
  Abstract The problem of texture segmentation and interpretation is one of the main concerns in the field of document analysis. Graphical documents often contain areas characterized by a structural texture whose recognition allows both the document understanding, and its storage in a more compact way. In this work, we focus on structural linial textures of regular repetition contained in plan documents. Starting from an atributed graph which represents the vectorized input image, we develop a method to segment textured areas and recognize their placement rules. We wish to emphasize that the searched textures do not follow a predefined pattern. Minimal closed loops of the input graph are computed, and then hierarchically clustered. In this hierarchical clustering, a distance function between two closed loops is defined in terms of their areas difference and boundary resemblance computed by a string matching procedure. Finally it is noted that, when the texture consists of isolated primitive elements, the same method can be used after computing a Voronoi Tesselation of the input graph.  
  Address Paris, France  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Paris Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference AERFAI  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ SLM1997 Serial 1649  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Learning of structural descriptions of graphic symbols using deformable template matching Type Conference Article
  Year 2001 Publication Proc. Sixth Int Document Analysis and Recognition Conf Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 455-459  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Accurate symbol recognition in graphic documents needs an accurate representation of the symbols to be recognized. If structural approaches are used for recognition, symbols have to be described in terms of their shape, using structural relationships among extracted features. Unlike statistical pattern recognition, in structural methods, symbols are usually manually defined from expertise knowledge, and not automatically infered from sample images. In this work we explain one approach to learn from examples a representative structural description of a symbol, thus providing better information about shape variability. The description of a symbol is based on a probabilistic model. It consists of a set of lines described by the mean and the variance of line parameters, respectively providing information about the model of the symbol, and its shape variability. The representation of each image in the sample set as a set of lines is achieved using deformable template matching.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ VMA2001 Serial 1654  
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Author Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Hand-drawn symbol recognition in graphic documents using deformable template matching and a Bayesian framework Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Proc. 15th Int Pattern Recognition Conf Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages 239-242  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Hand-drawn symbols can take many different and distorted shapes from their ideal representation. Then, very flexible methods are needed to be able to handle unconstrained drawings. We propose here to extend our previous work in hand-drawn symbol recognition based on a Bayesian framework and deformable template matching. This approach gets flexibility enough to fit distorted shapes in the drawing while keeping fidelity to the ideal shape of the symbol. In this work, we define the similarity measure between an image and a symbol based on the distance from every pixel in the image to the lines in the symbol. Matching is carried out using an implementation of the EM algorithm. Thus, we can improve recognition rates and computation time with respect to our previous formulation based on a simulated annealing algorithm.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 0-7695-0750-6 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ VAM2000 Serial 1656  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Application of deformable template matching to symbol recognition in hand-written architectural draw Type Conference Article
  Year 1999 Publication Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We propose to use deformable template matching as a new approach to recognize characters and lineal symbols in hand-written line drawings, instead of traditional methods based on vectorization and feature extraction. Bayesian formulation of the deformable template matching allows combining fidelity to the ideal shape of the symbol with maximum flexibility to get the best fit to the input image. Lineal nature of symbols can be exploited to define a suitable representation of models and the set of deformations to be applied to them. Matching, however, is done over the original binary image to avoid losing relevant features during vectorization. We have applied this method to hand-written architectural drawings and experimental results demonstrate that symbols with high distortions from ideal shape can be accurately identified.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Bangalore (India) Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes (up) DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ VAM1999a Serial 1657  
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