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Author |
Jaume Garcia |
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Title |
Generalized Active Shape Models Applied to Cardiac Function Analysis |
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2004 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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78 |
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Cardiac Analysis; Deformable Models; Active Contour Models; Active Shape Models; Tagged MRI; HARP; Contrast Echocardiography. |
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Abstract |
Medical imaging is very useful in the assessment and treatment of many diseases. To deal with the great amount of data provided by imaging scanners and extract quantitative information that physicians can interpret, many analysis algorithms have been developed. Any process of analysis always consists of a first step of segmenting some particular structure. In medical imaging, structures are not always well defined and suffer from noise artifacts thus, ordinary segmentation methods are not well suited. The ones that seem to give better results are those based on deformable models. Nevertheless, despite their capability of mixing image features together with smoothness constraints that may compensate for image irregularities, these are naturally local methods, i. e., each node of the active contour evolve taking into account information about its neighbors and some other weak constraints about flexibility and smoothness, but not about the global shape that they should find. Due to the fact that structures to be segmented are the same for all cases but with some inter and intra-patient variation, the incorporation of a priori knowledge about shape in the segmentation method will provide robustness to it. Active Shape Models is an algorithm based on the creation of a shape model called Point Distribution Model. It performs a segmentation using only shapes similar than those previously learned from a training set that capture most of the variation presented by the structure. This algorithm works by updating shape nodes along a normal segment which often can be too restrictive. For this reason we propose a generalization of this algorithm that we call Generalized Active Shape Models and fully integrates the a priori knowledge given by the Point Distribution Model with deformable models or any other appropriate segmentation method. Two different applications to cardiac imaging of this generalized method are developed and promising results are shown. |
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CVC (UAB) |
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Master's thesis |
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IAM @ iam @ Gar2004 |
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1513 |
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Author |
Jaume Garcia; Albert Andaluz; Debora Gil; Francesc Carreras |
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Title |
Decoupled External Forces in a Predictor-Corrector Segmentation Scheme for LV Contours in Tagged MR Images |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society |
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4805-4808 |
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Computation of functional regional scores requires proper identification of LV contours. On one hand, manual segmentation is robust, but it is time consuming and requires high expertise. On the other hand, the tag pattern in TMR sequences is a problem for automatic segmentation of LV boundaries. We propose a segmentation method based on a predictorcorrector (Active Contours – Shape Models) scheme. Special stress is put in the definition of the AC external forces. First, we introduce a semantic description of the LV that discriminates myocardial tissue by using texture and motion descriptors. Second, in order to ensure convergence regardless of the initial contour, the external energy is decoupled according to the orientation of the edges in the image potential. We have validated the model in terms of error in segmented contours and accuracy of regional clinical scores. |
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Buenos Aires (Argentina) |
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IEEE EMB |
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1557-170X |
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978-1-4244-4123-5 |
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EMBC |
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IAM @ iam @ GAG2010 |
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1514 |
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Author |
Jaume Garcia; Debora Gil; Aura Hernandez-Sabate |
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Title |
Endowing Canonical Geometries to Cardiac Structures |
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2010 |
Publication |
Statistical Atlases And Computational Models Of The Heart |
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6364 |
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124-133 |
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International conference on Cardiac electrophysiological simulation challenge
In this paper, we show that canonical (shape-based) geometries can be endowed to cardiac structures using tubular coordinates defined over their medial axis. We give an analytic formulation of these geometries by means of B-Splines. Since B-Splines present vector space structure PCA can be applied to their control points and statistical models relating boundaries and the interior of the anatomical structures can be derived. We demonstrate the applicability in two cardiac structures, the 3D Left Ventricular volume, and the 2D Left-Right ventricle set in 2D Short Axis view. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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Camara, O.; Pop, M.; Rhode, K.; Sermesant, M.; Smith, N.; Young, A. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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LNCS |
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IAM @ iam @ GGH2010b |
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1515 |
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Author |
M. Gomez; J. Mauri; Eduard Fernandez-Nofrerias; Oriol Rodriguez-Leor; Carme Julia; Debora Gil; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Reconstrucción de un modelo espacio-temporal de la luz del vaso a partir de secuencias de ecografía intracoronaria |
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Conference Article |
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2002 |
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XXXVIII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología. |
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IAM;ADAS;MILAB |
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IAM @ iam @ GMF2002d |
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1516 |
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Author |
Debora Gil |
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Title |
Geometric Differential Operators for Shape Modelling |
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Book Whole |
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2004 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Medical imaging feeds research in many computer vision and image processing fields: image filtering, segmentation, shape recovery, registration, retrieval and pattern matching. Because of their low contrast changes and large variety of artifacts and noise, medical imaging processing techniques relying on an analysis of the geometry of image level sets rather than on intensity values result in more robust treatment. From the starting point of treatment of intravascular images, this PhD thesis ad- dresses the design of differential image operators based on geometric principles for a robust shape modelling and restoration. Among all fields applying shape recovery, we approach filtering and segmentation of image objects. For a successful use in real images, the segmentation process should go through three stages: noise removing, shape modelling and shape recovery. This PhD addresses all three topics, but for the sake of algorithms as automated as possible, techniques for image processing will be designed to satisfy three main principles: a) convergence of the iterative schemes to non-trivial states avoiding image degeneration to a constant image and representing smooth models of the originals; b) smooth asymptotic behav- ior ensuring stabilization of the iterative process; c) fixed parameter values ensuring equal (domain free) performance of the algorithms whatever initial images/shapes. Our geometric approach to the generic equations that model the different processes approached enables defining techniques satisfying all the former requirements. First, we introduce a new curvature-based geometric flow for image filtering achieving a good compromise between noise removing and resemblance to original images. Sec- ond, we describe a new family of diffusion operators that restrict their scope to image level curves and serve to restore smooth closed models from unconnected sets of points. Finally, we design a regularization of snake (distance) maps that ensures its smooth convergence towards any closed shape. Experiments show that performance of the techniques proposed overpasses that of state-of-the-art algorithms. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Barcelona (Spain) |
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Jordi Saludes i Closa;Petia Radeva |
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84-933652-0-3 |
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prit |
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IAM; |
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IAM @ iam @ GIL2004 |
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1517 |
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Author |
Debora Gil |
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Title |
Regularized Curvature Flow |
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Report |
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2002 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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63 |
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Computer Vision Centre |
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IAM; |
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IAM @ iam @ Gil2002 |
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1518 |
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Author |
Debora Gil; Jose Maria-Carazo; Roberto Marabini |
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On the nature of 2D crystal unbending |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of Structural Biology |
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156 |
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3 |
Pages |
546-555 |
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Electron microscopy |
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Abstract |
Crystal unbending, the process that aims to recover a perfect crystal from experimental data, is one of the more important steps in electron crystallography image processing. The unbending process involves three steps: estimation of the unit cell displacements from their ideal positions, extension of the deformation field to the whole image and transformation of the image in order to recover an ideal crystal. In this work, we present a systematic analysis of the second step oriented to address two issues. First, whether the unit cells remain undistorted and only the distance between them should be changed (rigid case) or should be modified with the same deformation suffered by the whole crystal (elastic case). Second, the performance of different extension algorithms (interpolation versus approximation) is explored. Our experiments show that there is no difference between elastic and rigid cases or among the extension algorithms. This implies that the deformation fields are constant over large areas. Furthermore, our results indicate that the main source of error is the transformation of the crystal image. |
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1047-8477 |
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IAM; |
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IAM @ iam @ GCM2006 |
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1519 |
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Author |
Debora Gil; Jaume Garcia; Ruth Aris; Guillaume Houzeaux; Manuel Vazquez |
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Title |
A Riemmanian approach to cardiac fiber architecture modelling |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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1st International Conference on Mathematical & Computational Biomedical Engineering |
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59-62 |
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cardiac fiber architecture; diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging; differential (Rie- mannian) geometry. |
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There is general consensus that myocardial fiber architecture should be modelled in order to fully understand the electromechanical properties of the Left Ventricle (LV). Diffusion Tensor magnetic resonance Imaging (DTI) is the reference image modality for rapid measurement of fiber orientations by means of the tensor principal eigenvectors. In this work, we present a mathematical framework for across subject comparison of the local geometry of the LV anatomy including the fiber architecture from the statistical analysis of DTI studies. We use concepts of differential geometry for defining a parametric domain suitable for statistical analysis of a low number of samples. We use Riemannian metrics to define a consistent computation of DTI principal eigenvector modes of variation. Our framework has been applied to build an atlas of the LV fiber architecture from 7 DTI normal canine hearts. |
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Swansea (UK) |
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Nithiarasu, R.L.R.V.L. |
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CMBE |
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IAM @ iam @ FGA2009 |
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1520 |
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Author |
Debora Gil; Jaume Garcia; Manuel Vazquez; Ruth Aris; Guillaume Houzeaux |
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Title |
Patient-Sensitive Anatomic and Functional 3D Model of the Left Ventricle Function |
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Conference Article |
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2008 |
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8th World Congress on Computational Mechanichs (WCCM8)/5th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS 2008) |
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Left Ventricle; Electromechanical Models; Image Processing; Magnetic Resonance. |
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Early diagnosis and accurate treatment of Left Ventricle (LV) dysfunction significantly increases the patient survival. Impairment of LV contractility due to cardiovascular diseases is reflected in its motion patterns. Recent advances in medical imaging, such as Magnetic Resonance (MR), have encouraged research on 3D simulation and modelling of the LV dynamics. Most of the existing 3D models consider just the gross anatomy of the LV and restore a truncated ellipse which deforms along the cardiac cycle. The contraction mechanics of any muscle strongly depends on the spatial orientation of its muscular fibers since the motion that the muscle undergoes mainly takes place along the fibers. It follows that such simplified models do not allow evaluation of the heart electro-mechanical function and coupling, which has recently risen as the key point for understanding the LV functionality . In order to thoroughly understand the LV mechanics it is necessary to consider the complete anatomy of the LV given by the orientation of the myocardial fibres in 3D space as described by Torrent Guasp. We propose developing a 3D patient-sensitive model of the LV integrating, for the first time, the ven- tricular band anatomy (fibers orientation), the LV gross anatomy and its functionality. Such model will represent the LV function as a natural consequence of its own ventricular band anatomy. This might be decisive in restoring a proper LV contraction in patients undergoing pace marker treatment. The LV function is defined as soon as the propagation of the contractile electromechanical pulse has been modelled. In our experiments we have used the wave equation for the propagation of the electric pulse. The electromechanical wave moves on the myocardial surface and should have a conductivity tensor oriented along the muscular fibers. Thus, whatever mathematical model for electric pulse propa- gation [4] we consider, the complete anatomy of the LV should be extracted. The LV gross anatomy is obtained by processing multi slice MR images recorded for each patient. Information about the myocardial fibers distribution can only be extracted by Diffusion Tensor Imag- ing (DTI), which can not provide in vivo information for each patient. As a first approach, we have computed an average model of fibers from several DTI studies of canine hearts. This rough anatomy is the input for our electro-mechanical propagation model simulating LV dynamics. The average fiber orientation is updated until the simulated LV motion agrees with the experimental evidence provided by the LV motion observed in tagged MR (TMR) sequences. Experimental LV motion is recovered by applying image processing, differential geometry and interpolation techniques to 2D TMR slices [5]. The pipeline in figure 1 outlines the interaction between simulations and experimental data leading to our patient-tailored model. |
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Venezia (Italia) |
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B-31470-08 |
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IAM @ iam @ GGV2008c |
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1521 |
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Author |
Debora Gil; Jaume Garcia; Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Enric Marti |
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Manifold parametrization of the left ventricle for a statistical modelling of its complete anatomy |
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Conference Article |
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2010 |
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8th Medical Imaging |
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7623 |
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762304 |
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304 |
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Distortion of Left Ventricle (LV) external anatomy is related to some dysfunctions, such as hypertrophy. The architecture of myocardial fibers determines LV electromechanical activation patterns as well as mechanics. Thus, their joined modelling would allow the design of specific interventions (such as peacemaker implantation and LV remodelling) and therapies (such as resynchronization). On one hand, accurate modelling of external anatomy requires either a dense sampling or a continuous infinite dimensional approach, which requires non-Euclidean statistics. On the other hand, computation of fiber models requires statistics on Riemannian spaces. Most approaches compute separate statistical models for external anatomy and fibers architecture. In this work we propose a general mathematical framework based on differential geometry concepts for computing a statistical model including, both, external and fiber anatomy. Our framework provides a continuous approach to external anatomy supporting standard statistics. We also provide a straightforward formula for the computation of the Riemannian fiber statistics. We have applied our methodology to the computation of complete anatomical atlas of canine hearts from diffusion tensor studies. The orientation of fibers over the average external geometry agrees with the segmental description of orientations reported in the literature. |
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SPIE |
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IAM @ iam @ GGH2010a |
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1522 |
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