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	Author	Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika
	Title	Pose-Invariant Face Recognition in Videos for Human-Machine Interaction			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7584	Issue		Pages	566.575
	Keywords
	Abstract	Human-machine interaction is a hot topic nowadays in the communities of computer vision and robotics. In this context, face recognition algorithms (used as primary cue for a person’s identity assessment) work well under controlled conditions but degrade significantly when tested in real-world environments. This is mostly due to the difficulty of simultaneously handling variations in illumination, pose, and occlusions. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for robust pose-invariant face recognition for human-robot interaction based on the real-time fitting of a 3D deformable model to input images taken from video sequences. More concrete, our approach generates a rectified face image irrespective with the actual head-pose orientation. Experimental results performed on Honda video database, using several manifold learning techniques, show a distinct advantage of the proposed method over the standard 2D appearance-based snapshot approach.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33867-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	OR;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RaD2012e			Serial	2182
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	Author	Jose Manuel Alvarez; Y. LeCun; Theo Gevers; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Semantic Road Segmentation via Multi-Scale Ensembles of Learned Features			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision – Workshops and Demonstrations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7584	Issue		Pages	586-595
	Keywords	road detection
	Abstract	Semantic segmentation refers to the process of assigning an object label (e.g., building, road, sidewalk, car, pedestrian) to every pixel in an image. Common approaches formulate the task as a random field labeling problem modeling the interactions between labels by combining local and contextual features such as color, depth, edges, SIFT or HoG. These models are trained to maximize the likelihood of the correct classification given a training set. However, these approaches rely on hand–designed features (e.g., texture, SIFT or HoG) and a higher computational time required in the inference process. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on estimating the unary potentials of a conditional random field via ensembles of learned features. We propose an algorithm based on convolutional neural networks to learn local features from training data at different scales and resolutions. Then, diversification between these features is exploited using a weighted linear combination. Experiments on a publicly available database show the effectiveness of the proposed method to perform semantic road scene segmentation in still images. The algorithm outperforms appearance based methods and its performance is similar compared to state–of–the–art methods using other sources of information such as depth, motion or stereo.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33867-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCVW
	Notes	ADAS;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ALG2012; ADAS @ adas			Serial	2187
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	Author	Jose Manuel Alvarez; Theo Gevers; Y. LeCun; Antonio Lopez
	Title	Road Scene Segmentation from a Single Image			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7578	Issue	VII	Pages	376-389
	Keywords	road detection
	Abstract	Road scene segmentation is important in computer vision for different applications such as autonomous driving and pedestrian detection. Recovering the 3D structure of road scenes provides relevant contextual information to improve their understanding. In this paper, we use a convolutional neural network based algorithm to learn features from noisy labels to recover the 3D scene layout of a road image. The novelty of the algorithm relies on generating training labels by applying an algorithm trained on a general image dataset to classify on–board images. Further, we propose a novel texture descriptor based on a learned color plane fusion to obtain maximal uniformity in road areas. Finally, acquired (off–line) and current (on–line) information are combined to detect road areas in single images. From quantitative and qualitative experiments, conducted on publicly available datasets, it is concluded that convolutional neural networks are suitable for learning 3D scene layout from noisy labels and provides a relative improvement of 7% compared to the baseline. Furthermore, combining color planes provides a statistical description of road areas that exhibits maximal uniformity and provides a relative improvement of 8% compared to the baseline. Finally, the improvement is even bigger when acquired and current information from a single image are combined
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33785-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ADAS;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ AGL2012; ADAS @ adas @ agl2012a			Serial	2022
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	Author	Mohammad Rouhani; Angel Sappa
	Title	Non-Rigid Shape Registration: A Single Linear Least Squares Framework			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7578	Issue		Pages	264-277
	Keywords
	Abstract	This paper proposes a non-rigid registration formulation capturing both global and local deformations in a single framework. This formulation is based on a quadratic estimation of the registration distance together with a quadratic regularization term. Hence, the optimal transformation parameters are easily obtained by solving a liner system of equations, which guarantee a fast convergence. Experimental results with challenging 2D and 3D shapes are presented to show the validity of the proposed framework. Furthermore, comparisons with the most relevant approaches are provided.
	Address	Florencia
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33785-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ RoS2012a			Serial	2158
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	Author	Ivo Everts; Jan van Gemert; Theo Gevers
	Title	Per-patch Descriptor Selection using Surface and Scene Properties			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7577	Issue	VI	Pages	172-186
	Keywords
	Abstract	Local image descriptors are generally designed for describing all possible image patches. Such patches may be subject to complex variations in appearance due to incidental object, scene and recording conditions. Because of this, a single-best descriptor for accurate image representation under all conditions does not exist. Therefore, we propose to automatically select from a pool of descriptors the one that is best suitable based on object surface and scene properties. These properties are measured on the fly from a single image patch through a set of attributes. Attributes are input to a classifier which selects the best descriptor. Our experiments on a large dataset of colored object patches show that the proposed selection method outperforms the best single descriptor and a-priori combinations of the descriptor pool.
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33782-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ EGG2012			Serial	2023
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	Author	Hamdi Dibeklioglu; Theo Gevers; Albert Ali Salah
	Title	Are You Really Smiling at Me? Spontaneous versus Posed Enjoyment Smiles			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	12th European Conference on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7574	Issue	III	Pages	525-538
	Keywords
	Abstract	Smiling is an indispensable element of nonverbal social interaction. Besides, automatic distinction between spontaneous and posed expressions is important for visual analysis of social signals. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a method to distinguish between spontaneous and posed enjoyment smiles by using the dynamics of eyelid, cheek, and lip corner movements. The discriminative power of these movements, and the effect of different fusion levels are investigated on multiple databases. Our results improve the state-of-the-art. We also introduce the largest spontaneous/posed enjoyment smile database collected to date, and report new empirical and conceptual findings on smile dynamics. The collected database consists of 1240 samples of 400 subjects. Moreover, it has the unique property of having an age range from 8 to 76 years. Large scale experiments on the new database indicate that eyelid dynamics are highly relevant for smile classification, and there are age-related differences in smile dynamics.
	Address	Florence, Italy
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33711-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ECCV
	Notes	ALTRES;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DGS2012			Serial	2024
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	Author	David Geronimo; Frederic Lerasle; Antonio Lopez
	Title	State-driven particle filter for multi-person tracking			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	11th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7517	Issue		Pages	467-478
	Keywords	human tracking
	Abstract	Multi-person tracking can be exploited in applications such as driver assistance, surveillance, multimedia and human-robot interaction. With the help of human detectors, particle filters offer a robust method able to filter noisy detections and provide temporal coherence. However, some traditional problems such as occlusions with other targets or the scene, temporal drifting or even the lost targets detection are rarely considered, making the systems performance decrease. Some authors propose to overcome these problems using heuristics not explained and formalized in the papers, for instance by defining exceptions to the model updating depending on tracks overlapping. In this paper we propose to formalize these events by the use of a state-graph, defining the current state of the track (e.g., potential , tracked, occluded or lost) and the transitions between states in an explicit way. This approach has the advantage of linking track actions such as the online underlying models updating, which gives flexibility to the system. It provides an explicit representation to adapt the multiple parallel trackers depending on the context, i.e., each track can make use of a specific filtering strategy, dynamic model, number of particles, etc. depending on its state. We implement this technique in a single-camera multi-person tracker and test it in public video sequences.
	Address	Brno, Chzech Republic
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Heidelberg	Editor	J. Blanc-Talon et al.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ACIVS
	Notes	ADAS			Approved	yes
	Call Number	GLL2012; ADAS @ adas @ gll2012a			Serial	1990
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	Author	Yainuvis Socarras; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; David Geronimo; Theo Gevers
	Title	Improving HOG with Image Segmentation: Application to Human Detection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	11th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7517	Issue		Pages	178-189
	Keywords	Segmentation; Pedestrian Detection
	Abstract	In this paper we improve the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG), a core descriptor of state-of-the-art object detection, by the use of higher-level information coming from image segmentation. The idea is to re-weight the descriptor while computing it without increasing its size. The benefits of the proposal are two-fold: (i) to improve the performance of the detector by enriching the descriptor information and (ii) take advantage of the information of image segmentation, which in fact is likely to be used in other stages of the detection system such as candidate generation or refinement. We test our technique in the INRIA person dataset, which was originally developed to test HOG, embedding it in a human detection system. The well-known segmentation method, mean-shift (from smaller to larger super-pixels), and different methods to re-weight the original descriptor (constant, region-luminance, color or texture-dependent) has been evaluated. We achieve performance improvements of 4:47% in detection rate through the use of differences of color between contour pixel neighborhoods as re-weighting function.
	Address	Brno, Czech Republic
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	J. Blanc-Talon et al.
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33139-8	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ACIVS
	Notes	ADAS;ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	ADAS @ adas @ SLV2012			Serial	1980
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	Author	Ekaterina Zaytseva; Santiago Segui; Jordi Vitria
	Title	Sketchable Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Object Detection			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	17th Iberomerican Conference on Pattern Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7441	Issue		Pages	374-381
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we investigate a new representation approach for visual object recognition. The new representation, called sketchable-HoG, extends the classical histogram of oriented gradients (HoG) feature by adding two different aspects: the stability of the majority orientation and the continuity of gradient orientations. In this way, the sketchable-HoG locally characterizes the complexity of an object model and introduces global structure information while still keeping simplicity, compactness and robustness. We evaluated the proposed image descriptor on publicly Catltech 101 dataset. The obtained results outperforms classical HoG descriptor as well as other reported descriptors in the literature.
	Address	Buenos Aires, Argentina
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-33274-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	CIARP
	Notes	OR; MILAB;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ZSV2012			Serial	2048
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	Author	Albert Clapes; Miguel Reyes; Sergio Escalera
	Title	User Identification and Object Recognition in Clutter Scenes Based on RGB-Depth Analysis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	7th Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7378	Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords
	Abstract	We propose an automatic system for user identification and object recognition based on multi-modal RGB-Depth data analysis. We model a RGBD environment learning a pixel-based background Gaussian distribution. Then, user and object candidate regions are detected and recognized online using robust statistical approaches over RGBD descriptions. Finally, the system saves the historic of user-object assignments, being specially useful for surveillance scenarios. The system has been evaluated on a novel data set containing different indoor/outdoor scenarios, objects, and users, showing accurate recognition and better performance than standard state-of-the-art approaches.
	Address	Mallorca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31566-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	AMDO
	Notes	HUPBA;MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CRE2012			Serial	2010
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	Author	Wenjuan Gong; Jordi Gonzalez; Joao Manuel R. S. Taveres; Xavier Roca
	Title	A New Image Dataset on Human Interactions			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	7th Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7378	Issue		Pages	204-209
	Keywords
	Abstract	This article describes a new collection of still image dataset which are dedicated to interactions between people. Human action recognition from still images have been a hot topic recently, but most of them are actions performed by a single person, like running, walking, riding bikes, phoning and so on and there is no interactions between people in one image. The dataset collected in this paper are concentrating on human interaction between two people aiming to explore this new topic in the research area of action recognition from still images.
	Address	Mallorca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31566-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	AMDO
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GGT2012			Serial	2030
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	Author	Sergio Escalera
	Title	Human Behavior Analysis From Depth Maps			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	7th Conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7378	Issue		Pages	282-292
	Keywords
	Abstract	Pose Recovery (PR) and Human Behavior Analysis (HBA) have been a main focus of interest from the beginnings of Computer Vision and Machine Learning. PR and HBA were originally addressed by the analysis of still images and image sequences. More recent strategies consisted of Motion Capture technology (MOCAP), based on the synchronization of multiple cameras in controlled environments; and the analysis of depth maps from Time-of-Flight (ToF) technology, based on range image recording from distance sensor measurements. Recently, with the appearance of the multi-modal RGBD information provided by the low cost Kinect \textsfTM sensor (from RGB and Depth, respectively), classical methods for PR and HBA have been redefined, and new strategies have been proposed. In this paper, the recent contributions and future trends of multi-modal RGBD data analysis for PR and HBA are reviewed and discussed.
	Address	Mallorca
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	F.J. Perales; R.B. Fisher; T.B. Moeslund
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31566-4	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	AMDO
	Notes	MILAB; HuPBA			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Esc2012			Serial	2040
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	Author	Carles Sanchez;F. Javier Sanchez; Antoni Rosell; Debora Gil
	Title	An illumination model of the trachea appearance in videobronchoscopy images			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2012	Publication	Image Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal	LNCS
	Volume	7325	Issue		Pages	313-320
	Keywords	Bronchoscopy, tracheal ring, stenosis assesment, trachea appearance model, segmentation
	Abstract	Videobronchoscopy is a medical imaging technique that allows interactive navigation inside the respiratory pathways. This imaging modality provides realistic images and allows non-invasive minimal intervention procedures. Tracheal procedures are routinary interventions that require assessment of the percentage of obstructed pathway for injury (stenosis) detection. Visual assessment in videobronchoscopic sequences requires high expertise of trachea anatomy and is prone to human error. This paper introduces an automatic method for the estimation of steneosed trachea percentage reduction in videobronchoscopic images. We look for tracheal rings , whose deformation determines the degree of obstruction. For ring extraction , we present a ring detector based on an illumination and appearance model. This model allows us to parametrise the ring detection. Finally, we can infer optimal estimation parameters for any video resolution.
	Address	Aveiro, Portugal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31297-7	Medium
	Area	800	Expedition		Conference	ICIAR
	Notes	MV;IAM			Approved	no
	Call Number	IAM @ iam @ SSR2012			Serial	1898
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	Author	Ricard Borras; Agata Lapedriza; Laura Igual
	Title	Depth Information in Human Gait Analysis: An Experimental Study on Gender Recognition			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7325	Issue	II	Pages	98-105
	Keywords
	Abstract	This work presents DGait, a new gait database acquired with a depth camera. This database contains videos from 53 subjects walking in different directions. The intent of this database is to provide a public set to explore whether the depth can be used as an additional information source for gait classification purposes. Each video is labelled according to subject, gender and age. Furthermore, for each subject and view point, we provide initial and final frames of an entire walk cycle. On the other hand, we perform gait-based gender classification experiments with DGait database, in order to illustrate the usefulness of depth information for this purpose. In our experiments, we extract 2D and 3D gait features based on shape descriptors, and compare the performance of these features for gender identification, using a Kernel SVM. The obtained results show that depth can be an information source of great relevance for gait classification problems.
	Address	Aveiro, Portugal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31297-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICIAR
	Notes	OR; MILAB;MV			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BLI2012			Serial	2009
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	Author	Laura Igual; Joan Carles Soliva; Roger Gimeno; Sergio Escalera; Oscar Vilarroya; Petia Radeva
	Title	Automatic Internal Segmentation of Caudate Nucleus for Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	9th International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7325	Issue	II	Pages	222-229
	Keywords
	Abstract	Poster Studies on volumetric brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed neuroanatomical abnormalities in pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In particular, the diminished right caudate volume is one of the most replicated findings among ADHD samples in morphometric MRI studies. In this paper, we propose a fully-automatic method for internal caudate nucleus segmentation based on machine learning. Moreover, the ratio between right caudate body volume and the bilateral caudate body volume is applied in a ADHD diagnostic test. We separately validate the automatic internal segmentation of caudate in head and body structures and the diagnostic test using real data from ADHD and control subjects. As a result, we show accurate internal caudate segmentation and similar performance among the proposed automatic diagnostic test and the manual annotation.
	Address	Aveiro, Portugal
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-31297-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	ICIAR
	Notes	OR; HuPBA; MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ ISG2012			Serial	2059
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