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Author |
Fernando Vilariño; Debora Gil; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
A Novel FLDA Formulation for Numerical Stability Analysis |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence Research and Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
113 |
Issue |
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Pages |
77-84 |
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Keywords |
Supervised Learning; Linear Discriminant Analysis; Numerical Stability; Computer Vision |
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Abstract |
Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis (FLDA) is one of the most popular techniques used in classification applying dimensional reduction. The numerical scheme involves the inversion of the within-class scatter matrix, which makes FLDA potentially ill-conditioned when it becomes singular. In this paper we present a novel explicit formulation of FLDA in terms of the eccentricity ratio and eigenvector orientations of the within-class scatter matrix. An analysis of this function will characterize those situations where FLDA response is not reliable because of numerical instability. This can solve common situations of poor classification performance in computer vision. |
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IOS Press |
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J. Vitrià, P. Radeva and I. Aguiló |
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978-1-58603-466-5 |
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Notes |
MV;IAM;MILAB;SIAI |
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no |
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Call Number |
IAM @ iam @ VGR2004 |
Serial |
1663 |
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Author |
Jorge Charco; Angel Sappa; Boris X. Vintimilla; Henry Velesaca |
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Title |
Human Body Pose Estimation in Multi-view Environments |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ICT Applications for Smart Cities. Intelligent Systems Reference Library |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
224 |
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Pages |
79-99 |
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This chapter tackles the challenging problem of human pose estimation in multi-view environments to handle scenes with self-occlusions. The proposed approach starts by first estimating the camera pose—extrinsic parameters—in multi-view scenarios; due to few real image datasets, different virtual scenes are generated by using a special simulator, for training and testing the proposed convolutional neural network based approaches. Then, these extrinsic parameters are used to establish the relation between different cameras into the multi-view scheme, which captures the pose of the person from different points of view at the same time. The proposed multi-view scheme allows to robustly estimate human body joints’ position even in situations where they are occluded. This would help to avoid possible false alarms in behavioral analysis systems of smart cities, as well as applications for physical therapy, safe moving assistance for the elderly among other. The chapter concludes by presenting experimental results in real scenes by using state-of-the-art and the proposed multi-view approaches. |
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September 2022 |
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Springer |
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ISRL |
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978-3-031-06306-0 |
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Notes |
MSIAU; MACO |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CSV2022b |
Serial |
3810 |
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Author |
Henry Velesaca; Patricia Suarez; Dario Carpio; Rafael E. Rivadeneira; Angel Sanchez; Angel Morera |
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Title |
Video Analytics in Urban Environments: Challenges and Approaches |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ICT Applications for Smart Cities |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
224 |
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Pages |
101-121 |
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This chapter reviews state-of-the-art approaches generally present in the pipeline of video analytics on urban scenarios. A typical pipeline is used to cluster approaches in the literature, including image preprocessing, object detection, object classification, and object tracking modules. Then, a review of recent approaches for each module is given. Additionally, applications and datasets generally used for training and evaluating the performance of these approaches are included. This chapter does not pretend to be an exhaustive review of state-of-the-art video analytics in urban environments but rather an illustration of some of the different recent contributions. The chapter concludes by presenting current trends in video analytics in the urban scenario field. |
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September 2022 |
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Springer |
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ISRL |
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978-3-031-06306-0 |
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Notes |
MSIAU; MACO |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ VSC2022 |
Serial |
3811 |
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Author |
Victoria Ruiz; Angel Sanchez; Jose F. Velez; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
Waste Classification with Small Datasets and Limited Resources |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ICT Applications for Smart Cities. Intelligent Systems Reference Library |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
224 |
Issue |
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Pages |
185-203 |
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Abstract |
Automatic waste recycling has become a very important societal challenge nowadays, raising people’s awareness for a cleaner environment and a more sustainable lifestyle. With the transition to Smart Cities, and thanks to advanced ICT solutions, this problem has received a new impulse. The waste recycling focus has shifted from general waste treating facilities to an individual responsibility, where each person should become aware of selective waste separation. The surge of the mobile devices, accompanied by a significant increase in computation power, has potentiated and facilitated this individual role. An automated image-based waste classification mechanism can help with a more efficient recycling and a reduction of contamination from residuals. Despite the good results achieved with the deep learning methodologies for this task, the Achille’s heel is that they require large neural networks which need significant computational resources for training and therefore are not suitable for mobile devices. To circumvent this apparently intractable problem, we will rely on knowledge distillation in order to transfer the network’s knowledge from a larger network (called ‘teacher’) to a smaller, more compact one, (referred as ‘student’) and thus making it possible the task of image classification on a device with limited resources. For evaluation, we considered as ‘teachers’ large architectures such as InceptionResNet or DenseNet and as ‘students’, several configurations of the MobileNets. We used the publicly available TrashNet dataset to demonstrate that the distillation process does not significantly affect system’s performance (e.g. classification accuracy) of the student network. |
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September 2022 |
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Springer |
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ISRL |
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ISBN |
978-3-031-06306-0 |
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Notes |
LAMP |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ |
Serial |
3813 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika |
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Title |
A Discriminative Non-Linear Manifold Learning Technique for Face Recognition |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Informatics Engineering and Information Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
254 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
339-353 |
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Abstract |
In this paper we propose a novel non-linear discriminative analysis technique for manifold learning. The proposed approach is a discriminant version of Laplacian Eigenmaps which takes into account the class label information in order to guide the procedure of non-linear dimensionality reduction. By following the large margin concept, the graph Laplacian is split in two components: within-class graph and between-class graph to better characterize the discriminant property of the data.
Our approach has been tested on several challenging face databases and it has been conveniently compared with other linear and non-linear techniques. The experimental results confirm that our method outperforms, in general, the existing ones. Although we have concentrated in this paper on the face recognition problem, the proposed approach could also be applied to other category of objects characterized by large variance in their appearance. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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ISSN |
1865-0929 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-25482-6 |
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ICIEIS |
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Notes |
OR;MV |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RaD2011 |
Serial |
1804 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jordina Torrents-Barrena; Aida Valls; Petia Radeva; Meritxell Arenas; Domenec Puig |
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Title |
Automatic Recognition of Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in X-Ray images using Segmentation-based Fractal Texture Analysis |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Artificial Intelligence Research and Development |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
277 |
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Pages |
247 - 256 |
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Abstract |
Breast cancer disease has recently been classified into four subtypes regarding the molecular properties of the affected tumor region. For each patient, an accurate diagnosis of the specific type is vital to decide the most appropriate therapy in order to enhance life prospects. Nowadays, advanced therapeutic diagnosis research is focused on gene selection methods, which are not robust enough. Hence, we hypothesize that computer vision algorithms can offer benefits to address the problem of discriminating among them through X-Ray images. In this paper, we propose a novel approach driven by texture feature descriptors and machine learning techniques. First, we segment the tumour part through an active contour technique and then, we perform a complete fractal analysis to collect qualitative information of the region of interest in the feature extraction stage. Finally, several supervised and unsupervised classifiers are used to perform multiclass classification of the aforementioned data. The experimental results presented in this paper support that it is possible to establish a relation between each tumor subtype and the extracted features of the patterns revealed on mammograms. |
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IOS Press |
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Series Title |
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications |
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Notes |
MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @TVR2015 |
Serial |
2780 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol; Eric Laciar; Jordi Vitria; Esther Pueyo; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Classification of Coronary Damage in Chronic Chagasic Patients |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Intelligent Systems – From Theory to Practice. Studies in Computational Intelligence |
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Volume |
299 |
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Pages |
461-478 |
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Keywords |
Chagas disease; Error-Correcting Output Codes; High resolution ECG; Decoding |
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Abstract |
Post Conference IEEE-IS 2008
The Chagas’ disease is endemic in all Latin America, affecting millions of people in the continent. In order to diagnose and treat the chagas’ disease, it is important to detect and measure the coronary damage of the patient. In this paper,
we analyze and categorize patients into different groups based on the coronary damage produced by the disease. Based on the features of the heart cycle extracted using high resolution ECG, a multi-class scheme of Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC)is formulated and successfully applied. The results show that the proposed scheme obtains significant performance improvements compared to previous works and state-of-the-art ECOC designs. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Editor |
V. Sgurev, M. Hadjiski (eds) |
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Notes |
OR;MILAB;HUPBA;MV |
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no |
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Call Number |
BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EPL2010 |
Serial |
1452 |
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Author |
Estefania Talavera; Alexandre Cola; Nicolai Petkov; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Towards Egocentric Person Re-identification and Social Pattern Analysis. |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications |
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Volume |
310 |
Issue |
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Pages |
203 - 211 |
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Abstract |
CoRR abs/1905.04073
Wearable cameras capture a first-person view of the daily activities of the camera wearer, offering a visual diary of the user behaviour. Detection of the appearance of people the camera user interacts with for social interactions analysis is of high interest. Generally speaking, social events, lifestyle and health are highly correlated, but there is a lack of tools to monitor and analyse them. We consider that egocentric vision provides a tool to obtain information and understand users social interactions. We propose a model that enables us to evaluate and visualize social traits obtained by analysing social interactions appearance within egocentric photostreams. Given sets of egocentric images, we detect the appearance of faces within the days of the camera wearer, and rely on clustering algorithms to group their feature descriptors in order to re-identify persons. Recurrence of detected faces within photostreams allows us to shape an idea of the social pattern of behaviour of the user. We validated our model over several weeks recorded by different camera wearers. Our findings indicate that social profiles are potentially useful for social behaviour interpretation. |
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Notes |
MILAB; no proj |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ TCP2019 |
Serial |
3377 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; David M.J. Tax; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva; Robert P.W. Duin |
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Title |
Multi-Class Classification in Image Analysis Via Error-Correcting Output Codes |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Innovations in Intelligent Image Analysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
339 |
Issue |
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Pages |
7-29 |
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Abstract |
A common way to model multi-class classification problems is by means of Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC). Given a multi-class problem, the ECOC technique designs a codeword for each class, where each position of the code identifies the membership of the class for a given binary problem.A classification decision is obtained by assigning the label of the class with the closest code. In this paper, we overview the state-of-the-art on ECOC designs and test them in real applications. Results on different multi-class data sets show the benefits of using the ensemble of classifiers when categorizing objects in images. |
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Publisher |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
H. Kawasnicka; L.Jain |
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ISSN |
1860-949X |
ISBN |
978-3-642-17933-4 |
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Notes |
MILAB;HuPBA |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ ETP2011 |
Serial |
1746 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera; Xavier Baro; Oriol Pujol; Jordi Vitria; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
On the Design of Low Redundancy Error-Correcting Output Codes |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ensembles in Machine Learning Applications |
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Volume |
373 |
Issue |
2 |
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21-38 |
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Abstract |
The classification of large number of object categories is a challenging trend in the Pattern Recognition field. In the literature, this is often addressed using an ensemble of classifiers . In this scope, the Error-Correcting Output Codes framework has demonstrated to be a powerful tool for combining classifiers. However, most of the state-of-the-art ECOC approaches use a linear or exponential number of classifiers, making the discrimination of a large number of classes unfeasible. In this paper, we explore and propose a compact design of ECOC in terms of the number of classifiers. Evolutionary computation is used for tuning the parameters of the classifiers and looking for the best compact ECOC code configuration. The results over several public UCI data sets and different multi-class Computer Vision problems show that the proposed methodology obtains comparable (even better) results than the state-of-the-art ECOC methodologies with far less number of dichotomizers. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1860-949X |
ISBN |
978-3-642-22909-1 |
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MILAB; OR;HuPBA;MV |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BEB2011b |
Serial |
1886 |
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Author |
Pau Baiget; Carles Fernandez; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez |
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Title |
Trajectory-Based Abnormality Categorization for Learning Route Patterns in Surveillance |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Detection and Identification of Rare Audiovisual Cues, Studies in Computational Intelligence |
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Volume |
384 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
87-95 |
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The recognition of abnormal behaviors in video sequences has raised as a hot topic in video understanding research. Particularly, an important challenge resides on automatically detecting abnormality. However, there is no convention about the types of anomalies that training data should derive. In surveillance, these are typically detected when new observations differ substantially from observed, previously learned behavior models, which represent normality. This paper focuses on properly defining anomalies within trajectory analysis: we propose a hierarchical representation conformed by Soft, Intermediate, and Hard Anomaly, which are identified from the extent and nature of deviation from learned models. Towards this end, a novel Gaussian Mixture Model representation of learned route patterns creates a probabilistic map of the image plane, which is applied to detect and classify anomalies in real-time. Our method overcomes limitations of similar existing approaches, and performs correctly even when the tracking is affected by different sources of noise. The reliability of our approach is demonstrated experimentally. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1860-949X |
ISBN |
978-3-642-24033-1 |
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ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BFR2012 |
Serial |
2062 |
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Author |
Angel Sappa; David Geronimo; Fadi Dornaika; Mohammad Rouhani; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Moving object detection from mobile platforms using stereo data registration |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Computational Intelligence paradigms in advanced pattern classification |
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Volume |
386 |
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25-37 |
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pedestrian detection |
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Abstract |
This chapter describes a robust approach for detecting moving objects from on-board stereo vision systems. It relies on a feature point quaternion-based registration, which avoids common problems that appear when computationally expensive iterative-based algorithms are used on dynamic environments. The proposed approach consists of three main stages. Initially, feature points are extracted and tracked through consecutive 2D frames. Then, a RANSAC based approach is used for registering two point sets, with known correspondences in the 3D space. The computed 3D rigid displacement is used to map two consecutive 3D point clouds into the same coordinate system by means of the quaternion method. Finally, moving objects correspond to those areas with large 3D registration errors. Experimental results show the viability of the proposed approach to detect moving objects like vehicles or pedestrians in different urban scenarios. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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Marek R. Ogiela; Lakhmi C. Jain |
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1860-949X |
ISBN |
978-3-642-24048-5 |
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ADAS |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ SGD2012 |
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2061 |
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Author |
Thanh Ha Do; Salvatore Tabbone; Oriol Ramos Terrades |
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Title |
Spotting Symbol over Graphical Documents Via Sparsity in Visual Vocabulary |
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Book Chapter |
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2016 |
Publication |
Recent Trends in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition |
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709 |
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Admin @ si @ HTR2016 |
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2956 |
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Author |
David Roche; Debora Gil; Jesus Giraldo |
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Mathematical modeling of G protein-coupled receptor function: What can we learn from empirical and mechanistic models? |
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2014 |
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G Protein-Coupled Receptors – Modeling and Simulation Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology |
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796 |
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3 |
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159-181 |
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β-arrestin; biased agonism; curve fitting; empirical modeling; evolutionary algorithm; functional selectivity; G protein; GPCR; Hill coefficient; intrinsic efficacy; inverse agonism; mathematical modeling; mechanistic modeling; operational model; parameter optimization; receptor dimer; receptor oligomerization; receptor constitutive activity; signal transduction; two-state model |
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Empirical and mechanistic models differ in their approaches to the analysis of pharmacological effect. Whereas the parameters of the former are not physical constants those of the latter embody the nature, often complex, of biology. Empirical models are exclusively used for curve fitting, merely to characterize the shape of the E/[A] curves. Mechanistic models, on the contrary, enable the examination of mechanistic hypotheses by parameter simulation. Regretfully, the many parameters that mechanistic models may include can represent a great difficulty for curve fitting, representing, thus, a challenge for computational method development. In the present study some empirical and mechanistic models are shown and the connections, which may appear in a number of cases between them, are analyzed from the curves they yield. It may be concluded that systematic and careful curve shape analysis can be extremely useful for the understanding of receptor function, ligand classification and drug discovery, thus providing a common language for the communication between pharmacologists and medicinal chemists. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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0065-2598 |
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978-94-007-7422-3 |
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IAM; 600.075 |
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IAM @ iam @ RGG2014 |
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2197 |
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Ole Vilhelm-Larsen; Petia Radeva; Enric Marti |
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Guidelines for choosing optimal parameters of elasticity for snakes |
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1995 |
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Computer Analysis Of Images And Patterns |
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970 |
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106-113 |
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This paper proposes a guidance in the process of choosing and using the parameters of elasticity of a snake in order to obtain a precise segmentation. A new two step procedure is defined based on upper and lower bounds on the parameters. Formulas, by which these bounds can be calculated for real images where parts of the contour may be missing, are presented. Experiments on segmentation of bone structures in X-ray images have verified the usefulness of the new procedure. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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MILAB;IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ LRM1995b |
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1558 |
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