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Author Laura Igual; Xavier Perez Sala; Sergio Escalera; Cecilio Angulo; Fernando De la Torre edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Continuous Generalized Procrustes Analysis Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 659–671  
  Keywords Procrustes analysis; 2D shape model; Continuous approach  
  Abstract PR4883, PII: S0031-3203(13)00327-0
Two-dimensional shape models have been successfully applied to solve many problems in computer vision, such as object tracking, recognition, and segmentation. Typically, 2D shape models are learned from a discrete set of image landmarks (corresponding to projection of 3D points of an object), after applying Generalized Procustes Analysis (GPA) to remove 2D rigid transformations. However, the
standard GPA process suffers from three main limitations. Firstly, the 2D training samples do not necessarily cover a uniform sampling of all the 3D transformations of an object. This can bias the estimate of the shape model. Secondly, it can be computationally expensive to learn the shape model by sampling 3D transformations. Thirdly, standard GPA methods use only one reference shape, which can might be insufficient to capture large structural variability of some objects.
To address these drawbacks, this paper proposes continuous generalized Procrustes analysis (CGPA).
CGPA uses a continuous formulation that avoids the need to generate 2D projections from all the rigid 3D transformations. It builds an efficient (in space and time) non-biased 2D shape model from a set of 3D model of objects. A major challenge in CGPA is the need to integrate over the space of 3D rotations, especially when the rotations are parameterized with Euler angles. To address this problem, we introduce the use of the Haar measure. Finally, we extended CGPA to incorporate several reference shapes. Experimental results on synthetic and real experiments show the benefits of CGPA over GPA.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes OR; HuPBA; 605.203; 600.046;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ IPE2014 Serial 2352  
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Author Marco Pedersoli; Jordi Gonzalez; Xu Hu; Xavier Roca edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Toward Real-Time Pedestrian Detection Based on a Deformable Template Model Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Abbreviated Journal TITS  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 355-364  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Most advanced driving assistance systems already include pedestrian detection systems. Unfortunately, there is still a tradeoff between precision and real time. For a reliable detection, excellent precision-recall such a tradeoff is needed to detect as many pedestrians as possible while, at the same time, avoiding too many false alarms; in addition, a very fast computation is needed for fast reactions to dangerous situations. Recently, novel approaches based on deformable templates have been proposed since these show a reasonable detection performance although they are computationally too expensive for real-time performance. In this paper, we present a system for pedestrian detection based on a hierarchical multiresolution part-based model. The proposed system is able to achieve state-of-the-art detection accuracy due to the local deformations of the parts while exhibiting a speedup of more than one order of magnitude due to a fast coarse-to-fine inference technique. Moreover, our system explicitly infers the level of resolution available so that the detection of small examples is feasible with a very reduced computational cost. We conclude this contribution by presenting how a graphics processing unit-optimized implementation of our proposed system is suitable for real-time pedestrian detection in terms of both accuracy and speed.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1524-9050 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE; 601.213; 600.078 Approved no  
  Call Number PGH2014 Serial 2350  
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Author Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Boosting the Handwritten Word Spotting Experience by Including the User in the Loop Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 1063–1072  
  Keywords Handwritten word spotting; Query by example; Relevance feedback; Query fusion; Multidimensional scaling  
  Abstract In this paper, we study the effect of taking the user into account in a query-by-example handwritten word spotting framework. Several off-the-shelf query fusion and relevance feedback strategies have been tested in the handwritten word spotting context. The increase in terms of precision when the user is included in the loop is assessed using two datasets of historical handwritten documents and two baseline word spotting approaches both based on the bag-of-visual-words model. We finally present two alternative ways of presenting the results to the user that might be more attractive and suitable to the user's needs than the classic ranked list.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0031-3203 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.045; 600.061; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RuL2013 Serial 2343  
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Author Marçal Rusiñol; Lluis Pere de las Heras; Oriol Ramos Terrades edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Flowchart Recognition for Non-Textual Information Retrieval in Patent Search Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Information Retrieval Abbreviated Journal IR  
  Volume 17 Issue 5-6 Pages 545-562  
  Keywords Flowchart recognition; Patent documents; Text/graphics separation; Raster-to-vector conversion; Symbol recognition  
  Abstract Relatively little research has been done on the topic of patent image retrieval and in general in most of the approaches the retrieval is performed in terms of a similarity measure between the query image and the images in the corpus. However, systems aimed at overcoming the semantic gap between the visual description of patent images and their conveyed concepts would be very helpful for patent professionals. In this paper we present a flowchart recognition method aimed at achieving a structured representation of flowchart images that can be further queried semantically. The proposed method was submitted to the CLEF-IP 2012 flowchart recognition task. We report the obtained results on this dataset.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1386-4564 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RHR2013 Serial 2342  
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Author Juan Ramon Terven Salinas; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title New Opportunities for Computer Vision-Based Assistive Technology Systems for the Visually Impaired Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Computer Abbreviated Journal COMP  
  Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 52-58  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Computing advances and increased smartphone use gives technology system designers greater flexibility in exploiting computer vision to support visually impaired users. Understanding these users' needs will certainly provide insight for the development of improved usability of computing devices.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0018-9162 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TSR2014a Serial 2317  
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Author Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Embedding new observations via sparse-coding for non-linear manifold learning Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages 480-492  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques are affected by two critical aspects: (i) the design of the adjacency graphs, and (ii) the embedding of new test data-the out-of-sample problem. For the first aspect, the proposed solutions, in general, were heuristically driven. For the second aspect, the difficulty resides in finding an accurate mapping that transfers unseen data samples into an existing manifold. Past works addressing these two aspects were heavily parametric in the sense that the optimal performance is only achieved for a suitable parameter choice that should be known in advance. In this paper, we demonstrate that the sparse representation theory not only serves for automatic graph construction as shown in recent works, but also represents an accurate alternative for out-of-sample embedding. Considering for a case study the Laplacian Eigenmaps, we applied our method to the face recognition problem. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed out-of-sample embedding, experiments are conducted using the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Kernel Support Vector Machines (KSVM) classifiers on six public face datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed model is able to achieve high categorization effectiveness as well as high consistency with non-linear embeddings/manifolds obtained in batch modes.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RaD2013b Serial 2316  
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Author Volkmar Frinken; Andreas Fischer; Markus Baumgartner; Horst Bunke edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Keyword spotting for self-training of BLSTM NN based handwriting recognition systems Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 1073-1082  
  Keywords Document retrieval; Keyword spotting; Handwriting recognition; Neural networks; Semi-supervised learning  
  Abstract The automatic transcription of unconstrained continuous handwritten text requires well trained recognition systems. The semi-supervised paradigm introduces the concept of not only using labeled data but also unlabeled data in the learning process. Unlabeled data can be gathered at little or not cost. Hence it has the potential to reduce the need for labeling training data, a tedious and costly process. Given a weak initial recognizer trained on labeled data, self-training can be used to recognize unlabeled data and add words that were recognized with high confidence to the training set for re-training. This process is not trivial and requires great care as far as selecting the elements that are to be added to the training set is concerned. In this paper, we propose to use a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network handwritten recognition system for keyword spotting in order to select new elements. A set of experiments shows the high potential of self-training for bootstrapping handwriting recognition systems, both for modern and historical handwritings, and demonstrate the benefits of using keyword spotting over previously published self-training schemes.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.077; 602.101 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FFB2014 Serial 2297  
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Author Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title On the Design of an ECOC-Compliant Genetic Algorithm Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 865-884  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Genetic Algorithms (GA) have been previously applied to Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) in state-of-the-art works in order to find a suitable coding matrix. Nevertheless, none of the presented techniques directly take into account the properties of the ECOC matrix. As a result the considered search space is unnecessarily large. In this paper, a novel Genetic strategy to optimize the ECOC coding step is presented. This novel strategy redefines the usual crossover and mutation operators in order to take into account the theoretical properties of the ECOC framework. Thus, it reduces the search space and lets the algorithm to converge faster. In addition, a novel operator that is able to enlarge the code in a smart way is introduced. The novel methodology is tested on several UCI datasets and four challenging computer vision problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the results done in terms of performance, code length and number of Support Vectors shows that the optimization process is able to find very efficient codes, in terms of the trade-off between classification performance and the number of classifiers. Finally, classification performance per dichotomizer results shows that the novel proposal is able to obtain similar or even better results while defining a more compact number of dichotomies and SVs compared to state-of-the-art approaches.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BEP2013 Serial 2254  
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Author Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Speed and Texture: An Empirical Study on Optical-Flow Accuracy in ADAS Scenarios Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems Abbreviated Journal TITS  
  Volume 15 Issue 1 Pages 136-147  
  Keywords  
  Abstract IF: 3.064
Increasing mobility in everyday life has led to the concern for the safety of automotives and human life. Computer vision has become a valuable tool for developing driver assistance applications that target such a concern. Many such vision-based assisting systems rely on motion estimation, where optical flow has shown its potential. A variational formulation of optical flow that achieves a dense flow field involves a data term and regularization terms. Depending on the image sequence, the regularization has to appropriately be weighted for better accuracy of the flow field. Because a vehicle can be driven in different kinds of environments, roads, and speeds, optical-flow estimation has to be accurately computed in all such scenarios. In this paper, we first present the polar representation of optical flow, which is quite suitable for driving scenarios due to the possibility that it offers to independently update regularization factors in different directional components. Then, we study the influence of vehicle speed and scene texture on optical-flow accuracy. Furthermore, we analyze the relationships of these specific characteristics on a driving scenario (vehicle speed and road texture) with the regularization weights in optical flow for better accuracy. As required by the work in this paper, we have generated several synthetic sequences along with ground-truth flow fields.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1524-9050 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OnS2014a Serial 2386  
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Author Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Francesco Ciompi; A. Wahle; Petia Radeva; S. Carlier; G. Unal; E. Sanidas; J. Mauri; X. Carillo; T. Kovarnik; C. Wang; H. Chen; T. P. Exarchos; D. I. Fotiadis; F. Destrempes; G. Cloutier; Oriol Pujol; Marina Alberti; E. G. Mendizabal-Ruiz; M. Rivera; T. Aksoy; R. W. Downe; I. A. Kakadiaris edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Standardized evaluation methodology and reference database for evaluating IVUS image segmentation Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics Abbreviated Journal CMIG  
  Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 70-90  
  Keywords IVUS (intravascular ultrasound); Evaluation framework; Algorithm comparison; Image segmentation  
  Abstract This paper describes an evaluation framework that allows a standardized and quantitative comparison of IVUS lumen and media segmentation algorithms. This framework has been introduced at the MICCAI 2011 Computing and Visualization for (Intra)Vascular Imaging (CVII) workshop, comparing the results of eight teams that participated.
We describe the available data-base comprising of multi-center, multi-vendor and multi-frequency IVUS datasets, their acquisition, the creation of the reference standard and the evaluation measures. The approaches address segmentation of the lumen, the media, or both borders; semi- or fully-automatic operation; and 2-D vs. 3-D methodology. Three performance measures for quantitative analysis have
been proposed. The results of the evaluation indicate that segmentation of the vessel lumen and media is possible with an accuracy that is comparable to manual annotation when semi-automatic methods are used, as well as encouraging results can be obtained also in case of fully-automatic segmentation. The analysis performed in this paper also highlights the challenges in IVUS segmentation that remains to be
solved.
 
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB; LAMP; HuPBA; 600.046; 600.063; 600.079 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BGC2013 Serial 2314  
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Author Cesar Isaza; Joaquin Salas; Bogdan Raducanu edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Rendering ground truth data sets to detect shadows cast by static objects in outdoors Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 557-571  
  Keywords Synthetic ground truth data set; Sun position; Shadow detection; Static objects shadow detection  
  Abstract In our work, we are particularly interested in studying the shadows cast by static objects in outdoor environments, during daytime. To assess the accuracy of a shadow detection algorithm, we need ground truth information. The collection of such information is a very tedious task because it is a process that requires manual annotation. To overcome this severe limitation, we propose in this paper a methodology to automatically render ground truth using a virtual environment. To increase the degree of realism and usefulness of the simulated environment, we incorporate in the scenario the precise longitude, latitude and elevation of the actual location of the object, as well as the sun’s position for a given time and day. To evaluate our method, we consider a qualitative and a quantitative comparison. In the quantitative one, we analyze the shadow cast by a real object in a particular geographical location and its corresponding rendered model. To evaluate qualitatively the methodology, we use some ground truth images obtained both manually and automatically.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer US Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1380-7501 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes LAMP; Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ISR2014 Serial 2229  
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Author Javier Marin; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Jaume Amores; Ludmila I. Kuncheva edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Occlusion handling via random subspace classifiers for human detection Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (Part B) Abbreviated Journal TSMCB  
  Volume 44 Issue 3 Pages 342-354  
  Keywords Pedestriand Detection; occlusion handling  
  Abstract This paper describes a general method to address partial occlusions for human detection in still images. The Random Subspace Method (RSM) is chosen for building a classifier ensemble robust against partial occlusions. The component classifiers are chosen on the basis of their individual and combined performance. The main contribution of this work lies in our approach’s capability to improve the detection rate when partial occlusions are present without compromising the detection performance on non occluded data. In contrast to many recent approaches, we propose a method which does not require manual labelling of body parts, defining any semantic spatial components, or using additional data coming from motion or stereo. Moreover, the method can be easily extended to other object classes. The experiments are performed on three large datasets: the INRIA person dataset, the Daimler Multicue dataset, and a new challenging dataset, called PobleSec, in which a considerable number of targets are partially occluded. The different approaches are evaluated at the classification and detection levels for both partially occluded and non-occluded data. The experimental results show that our detector outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in the presence of partial occlusions, while offering performance and reliability similar to those of the holistic approach on non-occluded data. The datasets used in our experiments have been made publicly available for benchmarking purposes  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2168-2267 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 605.203; 600.057; 600.054; 601.042; 601.187; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ MVL2014 Serial 2213  
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Author Thierry Brouard; Jordi Gonzalez; Caifeng Shan; Massimo Piccardi; Larry S. Davis edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Special issue on background modeling for foreground detection in real-world dynamic scenes Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Machine Vision and Applications Abbreviated Journal MVAP  
  Volume 25 Issue 5 Pages 1101-1103  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Although background modeling and foreground detection are not mandatory steps for computer vision applications, they may prove useful as they separate the primal objects usually called “foreground” from the remaining part of the scene called “background”, and permits different algorithmic treatment in the video processing field such as video surveillance, optical motion capture, multimedia applications, teleconferencing and human–computer interfaces. Conventional background modeling methods exploit the temporal variation of each pixel to model the background, and the foreground detection is made using change detection. The last decade witnessed very significant publications on background modeling but recently new applications in which background is not static, such as recordings taken from mobile devices or Internet videos, need new developments to detect robustly moving objects in challenging environments. Thus, effective methods for robustness to deal both with dynamic backgrounds, i  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0932-8092 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE; 600.078 Approved no  
  Call Number BGS2014a Serial 2411  
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Author T.Chauhan; E.Perales; Kaida Xiao; E.Hird ; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Sophie Wuerger edit  doi
openurl 
  Title The achromatic locus: Effect of navigation direction in color space Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of Vision Abbreviated Journal VSS  
  Volume 14 (1) Issue 25 Pages 1-11  
  Keywords achromatic; unique hues; color constancy; luminance; color space  
  Abstract 5Y Impact Factor: 2.99 / 1st (Ophthalmology)
An achromatic stimulus is defined as a patch of light that is devoid of any hue. This is usually achieved by asking observers to adjust the stimulus such that it looks neither red nor green and at the same time neither yellow nor blue. Despite the theoretical and practical importance of the achromatic locus, little is known about the variability in these settings. The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate whether achromatic settings were dependent on the task of the observers, namely the navigation direction in color space. Observers could either adjust the test patch along the two chromatic axes in the CIE u*v* diagram or, alternatively, navigate along the unique-hue lines. Our main result is that the navigation method affects the reliability of these achromatic settings. Observers are able to make more reliable achromatic settings when adjusting the test patch along the directions defined by the four unique hues as opposed to navigating along the main axes in the commonly used CIE u*v* chromaticity plane. This result holds across different ambient viewing conditions (Dark, Daylight, Cool White Fluorescent) and different test luminance levels (5, 20, and 50 cd/m2). The reduced variability in the achromatic settings is consistent with the idea that internal color representations are more aligned with the unique-hue lines than the u* and v* axes.
 
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CPX2014 Serial 2418  
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Author Antonio Clavelli; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Josep Llados; Mario Ferraro; Giuseppe Boccignone edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Modelling task-dependent eye guidance to objects in pictures Type (down) Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Cognitive Computation Abbreviated Journal CoCom  
  Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages 558-584  
  Keywords Visual attention; Gaze guidance; Value; Payoff; Stochastic fixation prediction  
  Abstract 5Y Impact Factor: 1.14 / 3rd (Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence)
We introduce a model of attentional eye guidance based on the rationale that the deployment of gaze is to be considered in the context of a general action-perception loop relying on two strictly intertwined processes: sensory processing, depending on current gaze position, identifies sources of information that are most valuable under the given task; motor processing links such information with the oculomotor act by sampling the next gaze position and thus performing the gaze shift. In such a framework, the choice of where to look next is task-dependent and oriented to classes of objects embedded within pictures of complex scenes. The dependence on task is taken into account by exploiting the value and the payoff of gazing at certain image patches or proto-objects that provide a sparse representation of the scene objects. The different levels of the action-perception loop are represented in probabilistic form and eventually give rise to a stochastic process that generates the gaze sequence. This way the model also accounts for statistical properties of gaze shifts such as individual scan path variability. Results of the simulations are compared either with experimental data derived from publicly available datasets and from our own experiments.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer US Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1866-9956 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 600.056; 600.045; 605.203; 601.212; 600.077 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CKL2014 Serial 2419  
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