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| Author | Ivet Rafegas; Maria Vanrell |
 
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| Title | Color representation in CNNs: parallelisms with biological vision | Type | Conference Article | |||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | ICCV Workshop on Mutual Benefits ofr Cognitive and Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained for object recognition tasks present representational capabilities approaching to primate visual systems [1]. This provides a computational framework to explore how image features
are efficiently represented. Here, we dissect a trained CNN [2] to study how color is represented. We use a classical methodology used in physiology that is measuring index of selectivity of individual neurons to specific features. We use ImageNet Dataset [20] images and synthetic versions of them to quantify color tuning properties of artificial neurons to provide a classification of the network population. We conclude three main levels of color representation showing some parallelisms with biological visual systems: (a) a decomposition in a circular hue space to represent single color regions with a wider hue sampling beyond the first layer (V2), (b) the emergence of opponent low-dimensional spaces in early stages to represent color edges (V1); and (c) a strong entanglement between color and shape patterns representing object-parts (e.g. wheel of a car), objectshapes (e.g. faces) or object-surrounds configurations (e.g. blue sky surrounding an object) in deeper layers (V4 or IT). |
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| Address | Venice; Italy; October 2017 | |||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | ICCV-MBCC | |||
| Notes | CIC; 600.087; 600.051 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RaV2017 | Serial | 2984 | |||
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| Author | Hassan Ahmed Sial; S. Sancho; Ramon Baldrich; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Color-based data augmentation for Reflectance Estimation | Type | Conference Article | |||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | 26th Color Imaging Conference | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 284-289 | |||
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| Abstract | Deep convolutional architectures have shown to be successful frameworks to solve generic computer vision problems. The estimation of intrinsic reflectance from single image is not a solved problem yet. Encoder-Decoder architectures are a perfect approach for pixel-wise reflectance estimation, although it usually suffers from the lack of large datasets. Lack of data can be partially solved with data augmentation, however usual techniques focus on geometric changes which does not help for reflectance estimation. In this paper we propose a color-based data augmentation technique that extends the training data by increasing the variability of chromaticity. Rotation on the red-green blue-yellow plane of an opponent space enable to increase the training set in a coherent and sound way that improves network generalization capability for reflectance estimation. We perform some experiments on the Sintel dataset showing that our color-based augmentation increase performance and overcomes one of the state-of-the-art methods. | |||||
| Address | Vancouver; November 2018 | |||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | CIC | |||
| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SSB2018a | Serial | 3129 | |||
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| Author | Ivet Rafegas; Maria Vanrell; Luis A Alexandre; G. Arias |
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| Title | Understanding trained CNNs by indexing neuron selectivity | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Pattern Recognition Letters | Abbreviated Journal | PRL | |
| Volume | 136 | Issue | Pages | 318-325 | ||
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| Abstract | The impressive performance of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) when solving different vision problems is shadowed by their black-box nature and our consequent lack of understanding of the representations they build and how these representations are organized. To help understanding these issues, we propose to describe the activity of individual neurons by their Neuron Feature visualization and quantify their inherent selectivity with two specific properties. We explore selectivity indexes for: an image feature (color); and an image label (class membership). Our contribution is a framework to seek or classify neurons by indexing on these selectivity properties. It helps to find color selective neurons, such as a red-mushroom neuron in layer Conv4 or class selective neurons such as dog-face neurons in layer Conv5 in VGG-M, and establishes a methodology to derive other selectivity properties. Indexing on neuron selectivity can statistically draw how features and classes are represented through layers in a moment when the size of trained nets is growing and automatic tools to index neurons can be helpful. | |||||
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| Notes | CIC; 600.087; 600.140; 600.118 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RVL2019 | Serial | 3310 | |||
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| Author | Hassan Ahmed Sial; Ramon Baldrich; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Deep intrinsic decomposition trained on surreal scenes yet with realistic light effects | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Journal of the Optical Society of America A | Abbreviated Journal | JOSA A | |
| Volume | 37 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-15 | |
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| Abstract | Estimation of intrinsic images still remains a challenging task due to weaknesses of ground-truth datasets, which either are too small or present non-realistic issues. On the other hand, end-to-end deep learning architectures start to achieve interesting results that we believe could be improved if important physical hints were not ignored. In this work, we present a twofold framework: (a) a flexible generation of images overcoming some classical dataset problems such as larger size jointly with coherent lighting appearance; and (b) a flexible architecture tying physical properties through intrinsic losses. Our proposal is versatile, presents low computation time, and achieves state-of-the-art results. | |||||
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| Notes | CIC; 600.140; 600.12; 600.118 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SBV2019 | Serial | 3311 | |||
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| Author | Hassan Ahmed Sial; Ramon Baldrich; Maria Vanrell; Dimitris Samaras |
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| Title | Light Direction and Color Estimation from Single Image with Deep Regression | Type | Conference Article | |||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | London Imaging Conference | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | We present a method to estimate the direction and color of the scene light source from a single image. Our method is based on two main ideas: (a) we use a new synthetic dataset with strong shadow effects with similar constraints to the SID dataset; (b) we define a deep architecture trained on the mentioned dataset to estimate the direction and color of the scene light source. Apart from showing good performance on synthetic images, we additionally propose a preliminary procedure to obtain light positions of the Multi-Illumination dataset, and, in this way, we also prove that our trained model achieves good performance when it is applied to real scenes. | |||||
| Address | Virtual; September 2020 | |||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | LIM | |||
| Notes | CIC; 600.118; 600.140; | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ SBV2020 | Serial | 3460 | |||
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| Author | Sagnik Das; Hassan Ahmed Sial; Ke Ma; Ramon Baldrich; Maria Vanrell; Dimitris Samaras |
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| Title | Intrinsic Decomposition of Document Images In-the-Wild | Type | Conference Article | |||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | 31st British Machine Vision Conference | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Abstract | Automatic document content processing is affected by artifacts caused by the shape
of the paper, non-uniform and diverse color of lighting conditions. Fully-supervised methods on real data are impossible due to the large amount of data needed. Hence, the current state of the art deep learning models are trained on fully or partially synthetic images. However, document shadow or shading removal results still suffer because: (a) prior methods rely on uniformity of local color statistics, which limit their application on real-scenarios with complex document shapes and textures and; (b) synthetic or hybrid datasets with non-realistic, simulated lighting conditions are used to train the models. In this paper we tackle these problems with our two main contributions. First, a physically constrained learning-based method that directly estimates document reflectance based on intrinsic image formation which generalizes to challenging illumination conditions. Second, a new dataset that clearly improves previous synthetic ones, by adding a large range of realistic shading and diverse multi-illuminant conditions, uniquely customized to deal with documents in-the-wild. The proposed architecture works in two steps. First, a white balancing module neutralizes the color of the illumination on the input image. Based on the proposed multi-illuminant dataset we achieve a good white-balancing in really difficult conditions. Second, the shading separation module accurately disentangles the shading and paper material in a self-supervised manner where only the synthetic texture is used as a weak training signal (obviating the need for very costly ground truth with disentangled versions of shading and reflectance). The proposed approach leads to significant generalization of document reflectance estimation in real scenes with challenging illumination. We extensively evaluate on the real benchmark datasets available for intrinsic image decomposition and document shadow removal tasks. Our reflectance estimation scheme, when used as a pre-processing step of an OCR pipeline, shows a 21% improvement of character error rate (CER), thus, proving the practical applicability. The data and code will be available at: https://github.com/cvlab-stonybrook/DocIIW. |
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| Address | Virtual; September 2020 | |||||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | BMVC | |||
| Notes | CIC; 600.087; 600.140; 600.118 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ DSM2020 | Serial | 3461 | |||
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