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Author |
Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol |
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Title |
On the Design of an ECOC-Compliant Genetic Algorithm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
865-884 |
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Abstract |
Genetic Algorithms (GA) have been previously applied to Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) in state-of-the-art works in order to find a suitable coding matrix. Nevertheless, none of the presented techniques directly take into account the properties of the ECOC matrix. As a result the considered search space is unnecessarily large. In this paper, a novel Genetic strategy to optimize the ECOC coding step is presented. This novel strategy redefines the usual crossover and mutation operators in order to take into account the theoretical properties of the ECOC framework. Thus, it reduces the search space and lets the algorithm to converge faster. In addition, a novel operator that is able to enlarge the code in a smart way is introduced. The novel methodology is tested on several UCI datasets and four challenging computer vision problems. Furthermore, the analysis of the results done in terms of performance, code length and number of Support Vectors shows that the optimization process is able to find very efficient codes, in terms of the trade-off between classification performance and the number of classifiers. Finally, classification performance per dichotomizer results shows that the novel proposal is able to obtain similar or even better results while defining a more compact number of dichotomies and SVs compared to state-of-the-art approaches. |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BEP2013 |
Serial |
2254 |
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Author |
Miguel Reyes; Albert Clapes; Jose Ramirez; Juan R Revilla; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
Automatic Digital Biometry Analysis based on Depth Maps |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Computers in Industry |
Abbreviated Journal |
COMPUTIND |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1316-1325 |
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Keywords |
Multi-modal data fusion; Depth maps; Posture analysis; Anthropometric data; Musculo-skeletal disorders; Gesture analysis |
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Abstract |
World Health Organization estimates that 80% of the world population is affected by back-related disorders during his life. Current practices to analyze musculo-skeletal disorders (MSDs) are expensive, subjective, and invasive. In this work, we propose a tool for static body posture analysis and dynamic range of movement estimation of the skeleton joints based on 3D anthropometric information from multi-modal data. Given a set of keypoints, RGB and depth data are aligned, depth surface is reconstructed, keypoints are matched, and accurate measurements about posture and spinal curvature are computed. Given a set of joints, range of movement measurements is also obtained. Moreover, gesture recognition based on joint movements is performed to look for the correctness in the development of physical exercises. The system shows high precision and reliable measurements, being useful for posture reeducation purposes to prevent MSDs, as well as tracking the posture evolution of patients in rehabilitation treatments. |
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Elsevier |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RCR2013 |
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2252 |
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Author |
Eloi Puertas; Sergio Escalera; Oriol Pujol |
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Title |
Generalized Multi-scale Stacked Sequential Learning for Multi-class Classification |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Analysis and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
PAA |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
247-261 |
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Stacked sequential learning; Multi-scale; Error-correct output codes (ECOC); Contextual classification |
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In many classification problems, neighbor data labels have inherent sequential relationships. Sequential learning algorithms take benefit of these relationships in order to improve generalization. In this paper, we revise the multi-scale sequential learning approach (MSSL) for applying it in the multi-class case (MMSSL). We introduce the error-correcting output codesframework in the MSSL classifiers and propose a formulation for calculating confidence maps from the margins of the base classifiers. In addition, we propose a MMSSL compression approach which reduces the number of features in the extended data set without a loss in performance. The proposed methods are tested on several databases, showing significant performance improvement compared to classical approaches. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-7541 |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ PEP2013 |
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2251 |
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Author |
Albert Clapes; Miguel Reyes; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
Multi-modal User Identification and Object Recognition Surveillance System |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
799-808 |
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Keywords |
Multi-modal RGB-Depth data analysis; User identification; Object recognition; Intelligent surveillance; Visual features; Statistical learning |
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Abstract |
We propose an automatic surveillance system for user identification and object recognition based on multi-modal RGB-Depth data analysis. We model a RGBD environment learning a pixel-based background Gaussian distribution. Then, user and object candidate regions are detected and recognized using robust statistical approaches. The system robustly recognizes users and updates the system in an online way, identifying and detecting new actors in the scene. Moreover, segmented objects are described, matched, recognized, and updated online using view-point 3D descriptions, being robust to partial occlusions and local 3D viewpoint rotations. Finally, the system saves the historic of user–object assignments, being specially useful for surveillance scenarios. The system has been evaluated on a novel data set containing different indoor/outdoor scenarios, objects, and users, showing accurate recognition and better performance than standard state-of-the-art approaches. |
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Elsevier |
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HUPBA; 600.046; 605.203;MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ CRE2013 |
Serial |
2248 |
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Author |
Mohammad Ali Bagheri; Qigang Gao; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
A Genetic-based Subspace Analysis Method for Improving Error-Correcting Output Coding |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
2830-2839 |
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Keywords |
Error Correcting Output Codes; Evolutionary computation; Multiclass classification; Feature subspace; Ensemble classification |
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Abstract |
Two key factors affecting the performance of Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) in multiclass classification problems are the independence of binary classifiers and the problem-dependent coding design. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach to the design of an application-dependent codematrix in the ECOC framework. The central idea of this work is to design a three-dimensional codematrix, where the third dimension is the feature space of the problem domain. In order to do that, we consider the feature space in the design process of the codematrix with the aim of improving the independence and accuracy of binary classifiers. The proposed method takes advantage of some basic concepts of ensemble classification, such as diversity of classifiers, and also benefits from the evolutionary approach for optimizing the three-dimensional codematrix, taking into account the problem domain. We provide a set of experimental results using a set of benchmark datasets from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, as well as two real multiclass Computer Vision problems. Both sets of experiments are conducted using two different base learners: Neural Networks and Decision Trees. The results show that the proposed method increases the classification accuracy in comparison with the state-of-the-art ECOC coding techniques. |
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Elsevier |
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0031-3203 |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BGE2013a |
Serial |
2247 |
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Author |
Fernando Barrera; Felipe Lumbreras; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Multispectral Piecewise Planar Stereo using Manhattan-World Assumption |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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Volume |
34 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
52-61 |
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Keywords |
Multispectral stereo rig; Dense disparity maps from multispectral stereo; Color and infrared images |
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This paper proposes a new framework for extracting dense disparity maps from a multispectral stereo rig. The system is constructed with an infrared and a color camera. It is intended to explore novel multispectral stereo matching approaches that will allow further extraction of semantic information. The proposed framework consists of three stages. Firstly, an initial sparse disparity map is generated by using a cost function based on feature matching in a multiresolution scheme. Then, by looking at the color image, a set of planar hypotheses is defined to describe the surfaces on the scene. Finally, the previous stages are combined by reformulating the disparity computation as a global minimization problem. The paper has two main contributions. The first contribution combines mutual information with a shape descriptor based on gradient in a multiresolution scheme. The second contribution, which is based on the Manhattan-world assumption, extracts a dense disparity representation using the graph cut algorithm. Experimental results in outdoor scenarios are provided showing the validity of the proposed framework. |
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ADAS; 600.054; 600.055; 605.203 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BLS2013 |
Serial |
2245 |
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Author |
Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
A Novel Space Variant Image Representation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
JMIV |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
1-2 |
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48-59 |
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Space-variant representation; Log-polar mapping; Onboard vision applications |
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Traditionally, in machine vision images are represented using cartesian coordinates with uniform sampling along the axes. On the contrary, biological vision systems represent images using polar coordinates with non-uniform sampling. For various advantages provided by space-variant representations many researchers are interested in space-variant computer vision. In this direction the current work proposes a novel and simple space variant representation of images. The proposed representation is compared with the classical log-polar mapping. The log-polar representation is motivated by biological vision having the characteristic of higher resolution at the fovea and reduced resolution at the periphery. On the contrary to the log-polar, the proposed new representation has higher resolution at the periphery and lower resolution at the fovea. Our proposal is proved to be a better representation in navigational scenarios such as driver assistance systems and robotics. The experimental results involve analysis of optical flow fields computed on both proposed and log-polar representations. Additionally, an egomotion estimation application is also shown as an illustrative example. The experimental analysis comprises results from synthetic as well as real sequences. |
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Springer US |
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0924-9907 |
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ADAS; 600.055; 605.203; 601.215 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ OnS2013a |
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2243 |
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Author |
Olivier Penacchio; Xavier Otazu; Laura Dempere-Marco |
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Title |
A Neurodynamical Model of Brightness Induction in V1 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
PloS ONE |
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Plos |
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8 |
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5 |
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e64086 |
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Brightness induction is the modulation of the perceived intensity of an area by the luminance of surrounding areas. Recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that brightness information might be explicitly represented in V1, in contrast to the more common assumption that the striate cortex is an area mostly responsive to sensory information. Here we investigate possible neural mechanisms that offer a plausible explanation for such phenomenon. To this end, a neurodynamical model which is based on neurophysiological evidence and focuses on the part of V1 responsible for contextual influences is presented. The proposed computational model successfully accounts for well known psychophysical effects for static contexts and also for brightness induction in dynamic contexts defined by modulating the luminance of surrounding areas. This work suggests that intra-cortical interactions in V1 could, at least partially, explain brightness induction effects and reveals how a common general architecture may account for several different fundamental processes, such as visual saliency and brightness induction, which emerge early in the visual processing pathway. |
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CIC |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ POD2013 |
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2242 |
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Author |
Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Speed and Texture: An Empirical Study on Optical-Flow Accuracy in ADAS Scenarios |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
TITS |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
136-147 |
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Abstract |
IF: 3.064
Increasing mobility in everyday life has led to the concern for the safety of automotives and human life. Computer vision has become a valuable tool for developing driver assistance applications that target such a concern. Many such vision-based assisting systems rely on motion estimation, where optical flow has shown its potential. A variational formulation of optical flow that achieves a dense flow field involves a data term and regularization terms. Depending on the image sequence, the regularization has to appropriately be weighted for better accuracy of the flow field. Because a vehicle can be driven in different kinds of environments, roads, and speeds, optical-flow estimation has to be accurately computed in all such scenarios. In this paper, we first present the polar representation of optical flow, which is quite suitable for driving scenarios due to the possibility that it offers to independently update regularization factors in different directional components. Then, we study the influence of vehicle speed and scene texture on optical-flow accuracy. Furthermore, we analyze the relationships of these specific characteristics on a driving scenario (vehicle speed and road texture) with the regularization weights in optical flow for better accuracy. As required by the work in this paper, we have generated several synthetic sequences along with ground-truth flow fields. |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS; 600.076 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ OnS2014a |
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2386 |
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Author |
Michal Drozdzal; Santiago Segui; Petia Radeva; Carolina Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz; Jordi Vitria |
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Title |
An Application for Efficient Error-Free Labeling of Medical Images |
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Book Chapter |
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2013 |
Publication |
Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications |
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48 |
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1-16 |
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In this chapter we describe an application for efficient error-free labeling of medical images. In this scenario, the compilation of a complete training set for building a realistic model of a given class of samples is not an easy task, making the process tedious and time consuming. For this reason, there is a need for interactive labeling applications that minimize the effort of the user while providing error-free labeling. We propose a new algorithm that is based on data similarity in feature space. This method actively explores data in order to find the best label-aligned clustering and exploits it to reduce the labeler effort, that is measured by the number of “clicks. Moreover, error-free labeling is guaranteed by the fact that all data and their labels proposals are visually revised by en expert. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1868-4394 |
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978-3-642-35931-6 |
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MILAB; OR;MV |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DSR2013 |
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2235 |
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Author |
Marina Alberti; Simone Balocco; Xavier Carrillo; J. Mauri; Petia Radeva |
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Automatic non-rigid temporal alignment of IVUS sequences: method and quantitative validation |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology |
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UMB |
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39 |
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9 |
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1698-712 |
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Intravascular ultrasound; Dynamic time warping; Non-rigid alignment; Sequence matching; Partial overlapping strategy |
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Clinical studies on atherosclerosis regression/progression performed by intravascular ultrasound analysis would benefit from accurate alignment of sequences of the same patient before and after clinical interventions and at follow-up. In this article, a methodology for automatic alignment of intravascular ultrasound sequences based on the dynamic time warping technique is proposed. The non-rigid alignment is adapted to the specific task by applying it to multidimensional signals describing the morphologic content of the vessel. Moreover, dynamic time warping is embedded into a framework comprising a strategy to address partial overlapping between acquisitions and a term that regularizes non-physiologic temporal compression/expansion of the sequences. Extensive validation is performed on both synthetic and in vivo data. The proposed method reaches alignment errors of approximately 0.43 mm for pairs of sequences acquired during the same intervention phase and 0.77 mm for pairs of sequences acquired at successive intervention stages. |
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MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ ABC2013 |
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2313 |
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Author |
Simone Balocco; Carlo Gatta; Francesco Ciompi; A. Wahle; Petia Radeva; S. Carlier; G. Unal; E. Sanidas; J. Mauri; X. Carillo; T. Kovarnik; C. Wang; H. Chen; T. P. Exarchos; D. I. Fotiadis; F. Destrempes; G. Cloutier; Oriol Pujol; Marina Alberti; E. G. Mendizabal-Ruiz; M. Rivera; T. Aksoy; R. W. Downe; I. A. Kakadiaris |
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Title |
Standardized evaluation methodology and reference database for evaluating IVUS image segmentation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
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Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics |
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CMIG |
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38 |
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2 |
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70-90 |
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IVUS (intravascular ultrasound); Evaluation framework; Algorithm comparison; Image segmentation |
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This paper describes an evaluation framework that allows a standardized and quantitative comparison of IVUS lumen and media segmentation algorithms. This framework has been introduced at the MICCAI 2011 Computing and Visualization for (Intra)Vascular Imaging (CVII) workshop, comparing the results of eight teams that participated.
We describe the available data-base comprising of multi-center, multi-vendor and multi-frequency IVUS datasets, their acquisition, the creation of the reference standard and the evaluation measures. The approaches address segmentation of the lumen, the media, or both borders; semi- or fully-automatic operation; and 2-D vs. 3-D methodology. Three performance measures for quantitative analysis have
been proposed. The results of the evaluation indicate that segmentation of the vessel lumen and media is possible with an accuracy that is comparable to manual annotation when semi-automatic methods are used, as well as encouraging results can be obtained also in case of fully-automatic segmentation. The analysis performed in this paper also highlights the challenges in IVUS segmentation that remains to be
solved. |
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MILAB; LAMP; HuPBA; 600.046; 600.063; 600.079 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BGC2013 |
Serial |
2314 |
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Author |
Santiago Segui; Michal Drozdzal; Fernando Vilariño; Carolina Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz; Petia Radeva; Jordi Vitria |
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Title |
Categorization and Segmentation of Intestinal Content Frames for Wireless Capsule Endoscopy |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
TITB |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1341-1352 |
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Abstract |
Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is a device that allows the direct visualization of gastrointestinal tract with minimal discomfort for the patient, but at the price of a large amount of time for screening. In order to reduce this time, several works have proposed to automatically remove all the frames showing intestinal content. These methods label frames as {intestinal content – clear} without discriminating between types of content (with different physiological meaning) or the portion of image covered. In addition, since the presence of intestinal content has been identified as an indicator of intestinal motility, its accurate quantification can show a potential clinical relevance. In this paper, we present a method for the robust detection and segmentation of intestinal content in WCE images, together with its further discrimination between turbid liquid and bubbles. Our proposal is based on a twofold system. First, frames presenting intestinal content are detected by a support vector machine classifier using color and textural information. Second, intestinal content frames are segmented into {turbid, bubbles, and clear} regions. We show a detailed validation using a large dataset. Our system outperforms previous methods and, for the first time, discriminates between turbid from bubbles media. |
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ISSN |
1089-7771 |
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800 |
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Notes |
MILAB; MV; OR;SIAI |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ SDV2012 |
Serial |
2124 |
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Author |
Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika |
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Title |
Texture-independent recognition of facial expressions in image snapshots and videos |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Machine Vision and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MVA |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
811-820 |
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Abstract |
This paper addresses the static and dynamic recognition of basic facial expressions. It has two main contributions. First, we introduce a view- and texture-independent scheme that exploits facial action parameters estimated by an appearance-based 3D face tracker. We represent the learned facial actions associated with different facial expressions by time series. Second, we compare this dynamic scheme with a static one based on analyzing individual snapshots and show that the former performs better than the latter. We provide evaluations of performance using three subspace learning techniques: linear discriminant analysis, non-parametric discriminant analysis and support vector machines. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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ISSN |
0932-8092 |
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Notes |
OR; 600.046; 605.203;MV |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RaD2013 |
Serial |
2230 |
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Author |
Ferran Diego; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Joint spatio-temporal alignment of sequences |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia |
Abbreviated Journal |
TMM |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1377-1387 |
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Keywords |
video alignment |
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Abstract |
Video alignment is important in different areas of computer vision such as wide baseline matching, action recognition, change detection, video copy detection and frame dropping prevention. Current video alignment methods usually deal with a relatively simple case of fixed or rigidly attached cameras or simultaneous acquisition. Therefore, in this paper we propose a joint video alignment for bringing two video sequences into a spatio-temporal alignment. Specifically, the novelty of the paper is to formulate the video alignment to fold the spatial and temporal alignment into a single alignment framework. This simultaneously satisfies a frame-correspondence and frame-alignment similarity; exploiting the knowledge among neighbor frames by a standard pairwise Markov random field (MRF). This new formulation is able to handle the alignment of sequences recorded at different times by independent moving cameras that follows a similar trajectory, and also generalizes the particular cases that of fixed geometric transformation and/or linear temporal mapping. We conduct experiments on different scenarios such as sequences recorded simultaneously or by moving cameras to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed method provides the highest video alignment accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods on sequences recorded from vehicles driving along the same track at different times. |
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1520-9210 |
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ADAS |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ DSL2013; ADAS @ adas @ |
Serial |
2228 |
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