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Author Carola Figueroa Flores; David Berga; Joost Van de Weijer; Bogdan Raducanu edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Saliency for free: Saliency prediction as a side-effect of object recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume 150 Issue Pages 1-7  
  Keywords Saliency maps; Unsupervised learning; Object recognition  
  Abstract Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects instead of the background. So far, computational methods for saliency estimation required the explicit generation of a saliency map, process which is usually achieved via eyetracking experiments on still images. This is a tedious process that needs to be repeated for each new dataset. In the current paper, we demonstrate that is possible to automatically generate saliency maps without ground-truth. In our approach, saliency maps are learned as a side effect of object recognition. Extensive experiments carried out on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrated that our approach is able to generate accurate saliency maps, achieving competitive results when compared with supervised methods.  
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  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes LAMP; 600.147; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ FBW2021 Serial 3559  
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Author Guillem Cucurull; Pau Rodriguez; Vacit Oguz Yazici; Josep M. Gonfaus; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez edit  openurl
  Title Deep Inference of Personality Traits by Integrating Image and Word Use in Social Networks Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2018 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract arXiv:1802.06757
Social media, as a major platform for communication and information exchange, is a rich repository of the opinions and sentiments of 2.3 billion users about a vast spectrum of topics. To sense the whys of certain social user’s demands and cultural-driven interests, however, the knowledge embedded in the 1.8 billion pictures which are uploaded daily in public profiles has just started to be exploited since this process has been typically been text-based. Following this trend on visual-based social analysis, we present a novel methodology based on Deep Learning to build a combined image-and-text based personality trait model, trained with images posted together with words found highly correlated to specific personality traits. So the key contribution here is to explore whether OCEAN personality trait modeling can be addressed based on images, here called MindPics, appearing with certain tags with psychological insights. We found that there is a correlation between those posted images and their accompanying texts, which can be successfully modeled using deep neural networks for personality estimation. The experimental results are consistent with previous cyber-psychology results based on texts or images.
In addition, classification results on some traits show that some patterns emerge in the set of images corresponding to a specific text, in essence to those representing an abstract concept. These results open new avenues of research for further refining the proposed personality model under the supervision of psychology experts.
 
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  Notes ISE; 600.098; 600.119 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ CRY2018 Serial 3550  
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Author Ana Garcia Rodriguez; Yael Tudela; Henry Cordova; S. Carballal; I. Ordas; L. Moreira; E. Vaquero; O. Ortiz; L. Rivero; F. Javier Sanchez; Miriam Cuatrecasas; Maria Pellise; Jorge Bernal; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach edit  doi
openurl 
  Title First in Vivo Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps using White Light Endoscopy Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Endoscopy Abbreviated Journal END  
  Volume 54 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address 2022/04/14  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Georg Thieme Verlag KG Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GTC2022a Serial 3746  
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Author Henry Velesaca; Patricia Suarez; Raul Mira; Angel Sappa edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Computer Vision based Food Grain Classification: a Comprehensive Survey Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Computers and Electronics in Agriculture Abbreviated Journal CEA  
  Volume 187 Issue Pages 106287  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This manuscript presents a comprehensive survey on recent computer vision based food grain classification techniques. It includes state-of-the-art approaches intended for different grain varieties. The approaches proposed in the literature are analyzed according to the processing stages considered in the classification pipeline, making it easier to identify common techniques and comparisons. Additionally, the type of images considered by each approach (i.e., images from the: visible, infrared, multispectral, hyperspectral bands) together with the strategy used to generate ground truth data (i.e., real and synthetic images) are reviewed. Finally, conclusions highlighting future needs and challenges are presented.  
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  Notes MSIAU; 600.130; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VSM2021 Serial 3576  
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Author Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Learning Graph Edit Distance by Graph NeuralNetworks Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2020 Publication Arxiv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The emergence of geometric deep learning as a novel framework to deal with graph-based representations has faded away traditional approaches in favor of completely new methodologies. In this paper, we propose a new framework able to combine the advances on deep metric learning with traditional approximations of the graph edit distance. Hence, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the novel field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure, and thus, leveraging this information for its use on a distance computation. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated on two different scenarios. On the one hand, in a graph retrieval of handwritten words~\ie~keyword spotting, showing its superior performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. On the other hand, demonstrating competitive results for graph similarity learning when compared with the current state-of-the-art on a recent benchmark dataset.  
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  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 601.302 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RFL2020 Serial 3555  
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Author Lei Kang; Pau Riba; Marçal Rusiñol; Alicia Fornes; Mauricio Villegas edit   file
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Pay Attention to What You Read: Non-recurrent Handwritten Text-Line Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal PR  
  Volume 129 Issue Pages 108766  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The advent of recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition marked an important milestone reaching impressive recognition accuracies despite the great variability that we observe across different writing styles. Sequential architectures are a perfect fit to model text lines, not only because of the inherent temporal aspect of text, but also to learn probability distributions over sequences of characters and words. However, using such recurrent paradigms comes at a cost at training stage, since their sequential pipelines prevent parallelization. In this work, we introduce a non-recurrent approach to recognize handwritten text by the use of transformer models. We propose a novel method that bypasses any recurrence. By using multi-head self-attention layers both at the visual and textual stages, we are able to tackle character recognition as well as to learn language-related dependencies of the character sequences to be decoded. Our model is unconstrained to any predefined vocabulary, being able to recognize out-of-vocabulary words, i.e. words that do not appear in the training vocabulary. We significantly advance over prior art and demonstrate that satisfactory recognition accuracies are yielded even in few-shot learning scenarios.  
  Address Sept. 2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.162 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KRR2022 Serial 3556  
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Author Daniel Hernandez; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Juan C. Moure edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title 3D Perception With Slanted Stixels on GPU Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems Abbreviated Journal TPDS  
  Volume 32 Issue 10 Pages 2434-2447  
  Keywords Daniel Hernandez-Juarez; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio M. Lopez; Juan C. Moure  
  Abstract This article presents a GPU-accelerated software design of the recently proposed model of Slanted Stixels, which represents the geometric and semantic information of a scene in a compact and accurate way. We reformulate the measurement depth model to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm, relying on the confidence of the depth estimation and the identification of invalid values to handle outliers. The proposed massively parallel scheme and data layout for the irregular computation pattern that corresponds to a Dynamic Programming paradigm is described and carefully analyzed in performance terms. Performance is shown to scale gracefully on current generation embedded GPUs. We assess the proposed methods in terms of semantic and geometric accuracy as well as run-time performance on three publicly available benchmark datasets. Our approach achieves real-time performance with high accuracy for 2048 × 1024 image sizes and 4 × 4 Stixel resolution on the low-power embedded GPU of an NVIDIA Tegra Xavier.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ HEV2021 Serial 3561  
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Author Jose Luis Gomez; Gabriel Villalonga; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Co-Training for Deep Object Detection: Comparing Single-Modal and Multi-Modal Approaches Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 3185  
  Keywords co-training; multi-modality; vision-based object detection; ADAS; self-driving  
  Abstract Top-performing computer vision models are powered by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Training an accurate CNN highly depends on both the raw sensor data and their associated ground truth (GT). Collecting such GT is usually done through human labeling, which is time-consuming and does not scale as we wish. This data-labeling bottleneck may be intensified due to domain shifts among image sensors, which could force per-sensor data labeling. In this paper, we focus on the use of co-training, a semi-supervised learning (SSL) method, for obtaining self-labeled object bounding boxes (BBs), i.e., the GT to train deep object detectors. In particular, we assess the goodness of multi-modal co-training by relying on two different views of an image, namely, appearance (RGB) and estimated depth (D). Moreover, we compare appearance-based single-modal co-training with multi-modal. Our results suggest that in a standard SSL setting (no domain shift, a few human-labeled data) and under virtual-to-real domain shift (many virtual-world labeled data, no human-labeled data) multi-modal co-training outperforms single-modal. In the latter case, by performing GAN-based domain translation both co-training modalities are on par, at least when using an off-the-shelf depth estimation model not specifically trained on the translated images.  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GVL2021 Serial 3562  
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Author Shiqi Yang; Kai Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title On Implicit Attribute Localization for Generalized Zero-Shot Learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Signal Processing Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 28 Issue Pages 872 - 876  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to discriminate images from unseen classes by exploiting relations to seen classes via their attribute-based descriptions. Since attributes are often related to specific parts of objects, many recent works focus on discovering discriminative regions. However, these methods usually require additional complex part detection modules or attention mechanisms. In this paper, 1) we show that common ZSL backbones (without explicit attention nor part detection) can implicitly localize attributes, yet this property is not exploited. 2) Exploiting it, we then propose SELAR, a simple method that further encourages attribute localization, surprisingly achieving very competitive generalized ZSL (GZSL) performance when compared with more complex state-of-the-art methods. Our findings provide useful insight for designing future GZSL methods, and SELAR provides an easy to implement yet strong baseline.  
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  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes LAMP; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number YWH2021 Serial 3563  
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Author Domicele Jonauskaite; Lucia Camenzind; C. Alejandro Parraga; Cecile N Diouf; Mathieu Mercapide Ducommun; Lauriane Müller; Melanie Norberg; Christine Mohr edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Colour-emotion associations in individuals with red-green colour blindness Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication PeerJ Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages e11180  
  Keywords Affect; Chromotherapy; Colour cognition; Colour vision deficiency; Cross-modal correspondences; Daltonism; Deuteranopia; Dichromatic; Emotion; Protanopia.  
  Abstract Colours and emotions are associated in languages and traditions. Some of us may convey sadness by saying feeling blue or by wearing black clothes at funerals. The first example is a conceptual experience of colour and the second example is an immediate perceptual experience of colour. To investigate whether one or the other type of experience more strongly drives colour-emotion associations, we tested 64 congenitally red-green colour-blind men and 66 non-colour-blind men. All participants associated 12 colours, presented as terms or patches, with 20 emotion concepts, and rated intensities of the associated emotions. We found that colour-blind and non-colour-blind men associated similar emotions with colours, irrespective of whether colours were conveyed via terms (r = .82) or patches (r = .80). The colour-emotion associations and the emotion intensities were not modulated by participants' severity of colour blindness. Hinting at some additional, although minor, role of actual colour perception, the consistencies in associations for colour terms and patches were higher in non-colour-blind than colour-blind men. Together, these results suggest that colour-emotion associations in adults do not require immediate perceptual colour experiences, as conceptual experiences are sufficient.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes CIC; LAMP; 600.120; 600.128 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ JCP2021 Serial 3564  
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Author Sanket Biswas; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title DocSynth: A Layout Guided Approach for Controllable Document Image Synthesis Type Conference Article
  Year 2021 Publication 16th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12823 Issue Pages 555–568  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Despite significant progress on current state-of-the-art image generation models, synthesis of document images containing multiple and complex object layouts is a challenging task. This paper presents a novel approach, called DocSynth, to automatically synthesize document images based on a given layout. In this work, given a spatial layout (bounding boxes with object categories) as a reference by the user, our proposed DocSynth model learns to generate a set of realistic document images consistent with the defined layout. Also, this framework has been adapted to this work as a superior baseline model for creating synthetic document image datasets for augmenting real data during training for document layout analysis tasks. Different sets of learning objectives have been also used to improve the model performance. Quantitatively, we also compare the generated results of our model with real data using standard evaluation metrics. The results highlight that our model can successfully generate realistic and diverse document images with multiple objects. We also present a comprehensive qualitative analysis summary of the different scopes of synthetic image generation tasks. Lastly, to our knowledge this is the first work of its kind.  
  Address Lausanne; Suissa; September 2021  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 110.312 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BRL2021a Serial 3573  
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Author Sanket Biswas; Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Beyond Document Object Detection: Instance-Level Segmentation of Complex Layouts Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition Abbreviated Journal IJDAR  
  Volume 24 Issue Pages 269–281  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Information extraction is a fundamental task of many business intelligence services that entail massive document processing. Understanding a document page structure in terms of its layout provides contextual support which is helpful in the semantic interpretation of the document terms. In this paper, inspired by the progress of deep learning methodologies applied to the task of object recognition, we transfer these models to the specific case of document object detection, reformulating the traditional problem of document layout analysis. Moreover, we importantly contribute to prior arts by defining the task of instance segmentation on the document image domain. An instance segmentation paradigm is especially important in complex layouts whose contents should interact for the proper rendering of the page, i.e., the proper text wrapping around an image. Finally, we provide an extensive evaluation, both qualitative and quantitative, that demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed methodology over the current state of the art.  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 110.312 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BRL2021b Serial 3574  
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Author Diego Velazquez; Pau Rodriguez; Josep M. Gonfaus; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez edit  url
openurl 
  Title A Closer Look at Embedding Propagation for Manifold Smoothing Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Journal of Machine Learning Research Abbreviated Journal JMLR  
  Volume 23 Issue 252 Pages 1-27  
  Keywords Regularization; emi-supervised learning; self-supervised learning; adversarial robustness; few-shot classification  
  Abstract Supervised training of neural networks requires a large amount of manually annotated data and the resulting networks tend to be sensitive to out-of-distribution (OOD) data.
Self- and semi-supervised training schemes reduce the amount of annotated data required during the training process. However, OOD generalization remains a major challenge for most methods. Strategies that promote smoother decision boundaries play an important role in out-of-distribution generalization. For example, embedding propagation (EP) for manifold smoothing has recently shown to considerably improve the OOD performance for few-shot classification. EP achieves smoother class manifolds by building a graph from sample embeddings and propagating information through the nodes in an unsupervised manner. In this work, we extend the original EP paper providing additional evidence and experiments showing that it attains smoother class embedding manifolds and improves results in settings beyond few-shot classification. Concretely, we show that EP improves the robustness of neural networks against multiple adversarial attacks as well as semi- and
self-supervised learning performance.
 
  Address 9/2022  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VRG2022 Serial 3762  
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Author Kai Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title ACAE-REMIND for online continual learning with compressed feature replay Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume 150 Issue Pages 122-129  
  Keywords online continual learning; autoencoders; vector quantization  
  Abstract Online continual learning aims to learn from a non-IID stream of data from a number of different tasks, where the learner is only allowed to consider data once. Methods are typically allowed to use a limited buffer to store some of the images in the stream. Recently, it was found that feature replay, where an intermediate layer representation of the image is stored (or generated) leads to superior results than image replay, while requiring less memory. Quantized exemplars can further reduce the memory usage. However, a drawback of these methods is that they use a fixed (or very intransigent) backbone network. This significantly limits the learning of representations that can discriminate between all tasks. To address this problem, we propose an auxiliary classifier auto-encoder (ACAE) module for feature replay at intermediate layers with high compression rates. The reduced memory footprint per image allows us to save more exemplars for replay. In our experiments, we conduct task-agnostic evaluation under online continual learning setting and get state-of-the-art performance on ImageNet-Subset, CIFAR100 and CIFAR10 dataset.  
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  Notes LAMP; 600.147; 601.379; 600.120; 600.141 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ WWH2021 Serial 3575  
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Author Patricia Suarez; Angel Sappa; Boris X. Vintimilla edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Deep learning-based vegetation index estimation Type Book Chapter
  Year 2021 Publication Generative Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Translation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 205-234  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Chapter 9  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor A.Solanki; A.Nayyar; M.Naved  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference (down)  
  Notes MSIAU; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SSV2021a Serial 3578  
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