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Author Daniel Hernandez; Lukas Schneider; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Uwe Franke; Marc Pollefeys; Juan C. Moure edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Slanted Stixels: Representing San Francisco's Steepest Streets} Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication 28th British Machine Vision Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract In this work we present a novel compact scene representation based on Stixels that infers geometric and semantic information. Our approach overcomes the previous rather restrictive geometric assumptions for Stixels by introducing a novel depth model to account for non-flat roads and slanted objects. Both semantic and depth cues are used jointly to infer the scene representation in a sound global energy minimization formulation. Furthermore, a novel approximation scheme is introduced that uses an extremely efficient over-segmentation. In doing so, the computational complexity of the Stixel inference algorithm is reduced significantly, achieving real-time computation capabilities with only a slight drop in accuracy. We evaluate the proposed approach in terms of semantic and geometric accuracy as well as run-time on four publicly available benchmark datasets. Our approach maintains accuracy on flat road scene datasets while improving substantially on a novel non-flat road dataset.  
  Address London; uk; September 2017  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference BMVC  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HSE2017a Serial 2945  
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Author Bart M. Ter Haar Romeny; W. Niessen; J. Weickert; P. Van Roermund; W. Van Enk; Antonio Lopez; R. Maas edit  openurl
  Title Orientation detection of trabecular bone Type Miscellaneous
  Year 1996 Publication Biophysics and Molecular Biology, International Biophysics Congress. Volume 65, pgs. P–H5–43 Abbreviated Journal  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HNW1996 Serial 489  
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Author Daniel Hernandez; Juan Carlos Moure; Toni Espinosa; Alejandro Chacon; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Real-time 3D Reconstruction for Autonomous Driving via Semi-Global Matching Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication GPU Technology Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Stereo; Autonomous Driving; GPU; 3d reconstruction  
  Abstract Robust and dense computation of depth information from stereo-camera systems is a computationally demanding requirement for real-time autonomous driving. Semi-Global Matching (SGM) [1] approximates heavy-computation global algorithms results but with lower computational complexity, therefore it is a good candidate for a real-time implementation. SGM minimizes energy along several 1D paths across the image. The aim of this work is to provide a real-time system producing reliable results on energy-efficient hardware. Our design runs on a NVIDIA Titan X GPU at 104.62 FPS and on a NVIDIA Drive PX at 6.7 FPS, promising for real-time platforms  
  Address Silicon Valley; San Francisco; USA; April 2016  
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  Area Expedition Conference GTC  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.082; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HME2016 Serial 2738  
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Author Daniel Hernandez; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Juan Carlos Moure edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title GPU-accelerated real-time stixel computation Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1054-1062  
  Keywords Autonomous Driving; GPU; Stixel  
  Abstract The Stixel World is a medium-level, compact representation of road scenes that abstracts millions of disparity pixels into hundreds or thousands of stixels. The goal of this work is to implement and evaluate a complete multi-stixel estimation pipeline on an embedded, energyefficient, GPU-accelerated device. This work presents a full GPU-accelerated implementation of stixel estimation that produces reliable results at 26 frames per second (real-time) on the Tegra X1 for disparity images of 1024×440 pixels and stixel widths of 5 pixels, and achieves more than 400 frames per second on a high-end Titan X GPU card.  
  Address Santa Rosa; CA; USA; March 2017  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACV  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HEV2017b Serial 2812  
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Author Daniel Hernandez; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Juan Carlos Moure edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Embedded Real-time Stixel Computation Type Conference Article
  Year 2017 Publication GPU Technology Conference Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords GPU; CUDA; Stixels; Autonomous Driving  
  Abstract  
  Address Silicon Valley; USA; May 2017  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference GTC  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HEV2017a Serial 2879  
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Author Daniel Hernandez; Alejandro Chacon; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Juan Carlos Moure; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Stereo Matching using SGM on the GPU Type Report
  Year 2016 Publication Programming and Tuning Massively Parallel Systems Abbreviated Journal PUMPS  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords CUDA; Stereo; Autonomous Vehicle  
  Abstract Dense, robust and real-time computation of depth information from stereo-camera systems is a computationally demanding requirement for robotics, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. Semi-Global Matching (SGM) is a widely used algorithm that propagates consistency constraints along several paths across the image. This work presents a real-time system producing reliable disparity estimation results on the new embedded energy efficient GPU devices. Our design runs on a Tegra X1 at 42 frames per second (fps) for an image size of 640x480, 128 disparity levels, and using 4 path directions for the SGM method.  
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  Area Expedition Conference PUMPS  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.087; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HCE2016b Serial 2776  
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Author Daniel Hernandez; Alejandro Chacon; Antonio Espinosa; David Vazquez; Juan Carlos Moure; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Embedded real-time stereo estimation via Semi-Global Matching on the GPU Type Conference Article
  Year 2016 Publication 16th International Conference on Computational Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 80 Issue Pages 143-153  
  Keywords Autonomous Driving; Stereo; CUDA; 3d reconstruction  
  Abstract Dense, robust and real-time computation of depth information from stereo-camera systems is a computationally demanding requirement for robotics, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous vehicles. Semi-Global Matching (SGM) is a widely used algorithm that propagates consistency constraints along several paths across the image. This work presents a real-time system producing reliable disparity estimation results on the new embedded energy-efficient GPU devices. Our design runs on a Tegra X1 at 41 frames per second for an image size of 640x480, 128 disparity levels, and using 4 path directions for the SGM method.  
  Address San Diego; CA; USA; June 2016  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICCS  
  Notes ADAS; 600.085; 600.082; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ HCE2016a Serial 2740  
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Author Alejandro Gonzalez Alzate; Gabriel Villalonga; Jiaolong Xu; David Vazquez; Jaume Amores; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Multiview Random Forest of Local Experts Combining RGB and LIDAR data for Pedestrian Detection Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium IV2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 356-361  
  Keywords Pedestrian Detection  
  Abstract Despite recent significant advances, pedestrian detection continues to be an extremely challenging problem in real scenarios. In order to develop a detector that successfully operates under these conditions, it becomes critical to leverage upon multiple cues, multiple imaging modalities and a strong multi-view classifier that accounts for different pedestrian views and poses. In this paper we provide an extensive evaluation that gives insight into how each of these aspects (multi-cue, multimodality and strong multi-view classifier) affect performance both individually and when integrated together. In the multimodality component we explore the fusion of RGB and depth maps obtained by high-definition LIDAR, a type of modality that is only recently starting to receive attention. As our analysis reveals, although all the aforementioned aspects significantly help in improving the performance, the fusion of visible spectrum and depth information allows to boost the accuracy by a much larger margin. The resulting detector not only ranks among the top best performers in the challenging KITTI benchmark, but it is built upon very simple blocks that are easy to implement and computationally efficient. These simple blocks can be easily replaced with more sophisticated ones recently proposed, such as the use of convolutional neural networks for feature representation, to further improve the accuracy.  
  Address Seoul; Corea; June 2015  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Area ACDC Expedition Conference IV  
  Notes ADAS; 600.076; 600.057; 600.054 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GVX2015 Serial 2625  
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Author Alejandro Gonzalez Alzate; Gabriel Villalonga; German Ros; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title 3D-Guided Multiscale Sliding Window for Pedestrian Detection Type Conference Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Proceedings of 7th Iberian Conference , ibPRIA 2015 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9117 Issue Pages 560-568  
  Keywords Pedestrian Detection  
  Abstract The most relevant modules of a pedestrian detector are the candidate generation and the candidate classification. The former aims at presenting image windows to the latter so that they are classified as containing a pedestrian or not. Much attention has being paid to the classification module, while candidate generation has mainly relied on (multiscale) sliding window pyramid. However, candidate generation is critical for achieving real-time. In this paper we assume a context of autonomous driving based on stereo vision. Accordingly, we evaluate the effect of taking into account the 3D information (derived from the stereo) in order to prune the hundred of thousands windows per image generated by classical pyramidal sliding window. For our study we use a multimodal (RGB, disparity) and multi-descriptor (HOG, LBP, HOG+LBP) holistic ensemble based on linear SVM. Evaluation on data from the challenging KITTI benchmark suite shows the effectiveness of using 3D information to dramatically reduce the number of candidate windows, even improving the overall pedestrian detection accuracy.  
  Address Santiago de Compostela; España; June 2015  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area ACDC Expedition Conference IbPRIA  
  Notes ADAS; 600.076; 600.057; 600.054 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GVR2015 Serial 2585  
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Author David Geronimo; David Vazquez; Arturo de la Escalera edit  url
openurl 
  Title Vision-Based Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Type Book Chapter
  Year 2017 Publication Computer Vision in Vehicle Technology: Land, Sea, and Air Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords ADAS; Autonomous Driving  
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  Address  
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  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GVE2017 Serial 2881  
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Author David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title 2D-3D based on-board pedestrian detection system Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Computer Vision and Image Understanding Abbreviated Journal CVIU  
  Volume 114 Issue 5 Pages 583–595  
  Keywords Pedestrian detection; Advanced Driver Assistance Systems; Horizon line; Haar wavelets; Edge orientation histograms  
  Abstract During the next decade, on-board pedestrian detection systems will play a key role in the challenge of increasing traffic safety. The main target of these systems, to detect pedestrians in urban scenarios, implies overcoming difficulties like processing outdoor scenes from a mobile platform and searching for aspect-changing objects in cluttered environments. This makes such systems combine techniques in the state-of-the-art Computer Vision. In this paper we present a three module system based on both 2D and 3D cues. The first module uses 3D information to estimate the road plane parameters and thus select a coherent set of regions of interest (ROIs) to be further analyzed. The second module uses Real AdaBoost and a combined set of Haar wavelets and edge orientation histograms to classify the incoming ROIs as pedestrian or non-pedestrian. The final module loops again with the 3D cue in order to verify the classified ROIs and with the 2D in order to refine the final results. According to the results, the integration of the proposed techniques gives rise to a promising system.  
  Address Computer Vision and Image Understanding (Special Issue on Intelligent Vision Systems), Vol. 114(5):583-595  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1077-3142 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GSP2010 Serial 1341  
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Author David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Stereo-based Candidate Generation for Pedestrian Protection Systems Type Book Chapter
  Year 2010 Publication Binocular Vision: Development, Depth Perception and Disorders Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 9 Pages 189–208  
  Keywords Pedestrian Detection  
  Abstract This chapter describes a stereo-based algorithm that provides candidate image windows to a latter 2D classification stage in an on-board pedestrian detection system. The proposed algorithm, which consists of three stages, is based on the use of both stereo imaging and scene prior knowledge (i.e., pedestrians are on the ground) to reduce the candidate searching space. First, a successful road surface fitting algorithm provides estimates on the relative ground-camera pose. This stage directs the search toward the road area thus avoiding irrelevant regions like the sky. Then, three different schemes are used to scan the estimated road surface with pedestrian-sized windows: (a) uniformly distributed through the road surface (3D); (b) uniformly distributed through the image (2D); (c) not uniformly distributed but according to a quadratic function (combined 2D-3D). Finally, the set of candidate windows is reduced by analyzing their 3D content. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm, together with statistics of searching space reduction are provided.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher NOVA Publishers Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GSL2010 Serial 1301  
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Author David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez; Daniel Ponsa edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Adaptive Image Sampling and Windows Classification for On-board Pedestrian Detection Type Conference Article
  Year 2007 Publication Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computer Vision Systems Abbreviated Journal ICVS  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Pedestrian Detection  
  Abstract On–board pedestrian detection is in the frontier of the state–of–the–art since it implies processing outdoor scenarios from a mobile platform and searching for aspect–changing objects in cluttered urban environments. Most promising approaches include the development of classifiers based on feature selection and machine learning. However, they use a large number of features which compromises real–time. Thus, methods for running the classifiers in only a few image windows must be provided. In this paper we contribute in both aspects, proposing a camera
pose estimation method for adaptive sparse image sampling, as well as a classifier for pedestrian detection based on Haar wavelets and edge orientation histograms as features and AdaBoost as learning machine. Both proposals are compared with relevant approaches in the literature, showing comparable results but reducing processing time by four for the sampling tasks and by ten for the classification one.
 
  Address Bielefeld (Germany)  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ gsl2007a Serial 786  
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Author David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez; Daniel Ponsa edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Pedestrian Detection Using AdaBoost Learning of Features and Vehicle Pitch Estimation Type Miscellaneous
  Year 2006 Publication 6th IASTED International Conference on Visualization, Imaging and Image Processing Abbreviated Journal VIIP  
  Volume Issue Pages 400–405  
  Keywords ADAS, pedestrian detection, adaboost learning, pitch estimation, haar wavelets, edge orientation histograms.  
  Abstract In this paper we propose a combination of different Haar filter sets and Edge Orientation Histograms (EOH) in order to learn a model for pedestrian detection. As we will show, with the addition of EOH we obtain better ROCs than using Haar filters alone. Hence, a model consisting of discriminant features, selected by AdaBoost, is applied at pedestrian-sized image windows in order to perform
the classification. Additionally, taking into account the final application, a driver assistance system with realtime requirements, we propose a novel stereo-based camera pitch estimation to reduce the number of explored windows.
With this approach, the system can work in urban roads, as will be illustrated by current results.
 
  Address Palma de Mallorca (Spain)  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GSL2006 Serial 672  
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Author David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez; Angel Sappa; Thorsten Graf edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Survey on Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence Abbreviated Journal TPAMI  
  Volume 32 Issue 7 Pages 1239–1258  
  Keywords ADAS, pedestrian detection, on-board vision, survey  
  Abstract Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one-after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0162-8828 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number (down) ADAS @ adas @ GLS2010 Serial 1340  
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