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Author |
Youssef El Rhabi; Simon Loic; Brun Luc; Josep Llados; Felipe Lumbreras |
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Title |
Information Theoretic Rotationwise Robust Binary Descriptor Learning |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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Joint IAPR International Workshops on Statistical Techniques in Pattern Recognition (SPR) and Structural and Syntactic Pattern Recognition (SSPR) |
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368-378 |
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In this paper, we propose a new data-driven approach for binary descriptor selection. In order to draw a clear analysis of common designs, we present a general information-theoretic selection paradigm. It encompasses several standard binary descriptor construction schemes, including a recent state-of-the-art one named BOLD. We pursue the same endeavor to increase the stability of the produced descriptors with respect to rotations. To achieve this goal, we have designed a novel offline selection criterion which is better adapted to the online matching procedure. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on two standard datasets, where our descriptor is compared to BOLD and to several classical descriptors. In particular, it emerges that our approach can reproduce equivalent if not better performance as BOLD while relying on twice shorter descriptors. Such an improvement can be influential for real-time applications. |
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Mérida; Mexico; November 2016 |
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S+SSPR |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.097; 600.086 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RLL2016 |
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2871 |
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Author |
Yaxing Wang; L. Zhang; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Ensembles of generative adversarial networks |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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30th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Worshops |
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Ensembles are a popular way to improve results of discriminative CNNs. The
combination of several networks trained starting from different initializations
improves results significantly. In this paper we investigate the usage of ensembles of GANs. The specific nature of GANs opens up several new ways to construct ensembles. The first one is based on the fact that in the minimax game which is played to optimize the GAN objective the generator network keeps on changing even after the network can be considered optimal. As such ensembles of GANs can be constructed based on the same network initialization but just taking models which have different amount of iterations. These so-called self ensembles are much faster to train than traditional ensembles. The second method, called cascade GANs, redirects part of the training data which is badly modeled by the first GAN to another GAN. In experiments on the CIFAR10 dataset we show that ensembles of GANs obtain model probability distributions which better model the data distribution. In addition, we show that these improved results can be obtained at little additional computational cost. |
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Barcelona; Spain; December 2016 |
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NIPSW |
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LAMP; 600.068 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ WZW2016 |
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2905 |
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Author |
Y. Patel; Lluis Gomez; Marçal Rusiñol; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Dynamic Lexicon Generation for Natural Scene Images |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
14th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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395-410 |
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scene text; photo OCR; scene understanding; lexicon generation; topic modeling; CNN |
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Many scene text understanding methods approach the endtoend recognition problem from a word-spotting perspective and take huge benet from using small per-image lexicons. Such customized lexicons are normally assumed as given and their source is rarely discussed.
In this paper we propose a method that generates contextualized lexicons
for scene images using only visual information. For this, we exploit
the correlation between visual and textual information in a dataset consisting
of images and textual content associated with them. Using the topic modeling framework to discover a set of latent topics in such a dataset allows us to re-rank a xed dictionary in a way that prioritizes the words that are more likely to appear in a given image. Moreover, we train a CNN that is able to reproduce those word rankings but using only the image raw pixels as input. We demonstrate that the quality of the automatically obtained custom lexicons is superior to a generic frequency-based baseline. |
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Amsterdam; The Netherlands; October 2016 |
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ECCVW |
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DAG; 600.084 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ PGR2016 |
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2825 |
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Author |
Xavier Baro; Sergio Escalera; Isabelle Guyon; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Lukasz Romaszko; Lisheng Sun; Sebastien Treguer; Evelyne Viegas |
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Title |
Coompetitions in machine learning: case studies |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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30th Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems Worshops |
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Barcelona; Spain; December 2016 |
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NIPSW |
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HuPBA |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BEG2016 |
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2911 |
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Author |
Wenjuan Gong; Xuena Zhang; Jordi Gonzalez; Andrews Sobral; Thierry Bouwmans; Changhe Tu; El-hadi Zahzah |
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Title |
Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Images: A Comprehensive Survey |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Sensors |
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SENS |
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16 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1966 |
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Keywords |
human pose estimation; human bodymodels; generativemethods; discriminativemethods; top-down methods; bottom-up methods |
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Abstract |
Human pose estimation refers to the estimation of the location of body parts and how they are connected in an image. Human pose estimation from monocular images has wide applications (e.g., image indexing). Several surveys on human pose estimation can be found in the literature, but they focus on a certain category; for example, model-based approaches or human motion analysis, etc. As far as we know, an overall review of this problem domain has yet to be provided. Furthermore, recent advancements based on deep learning have brought novel algorithms for this problem. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of human pose estimation from monocular images is carried out including milestone works and recent advancements. Based on one standard pipeline for the solution of computer vision problems, this survey splits the problem into several modules: feature extraction and description, human body models, and modeling
methods. Problem modeling methods are approached based on two means of categorization in this survey. One way to categorize includes top-down and bottom-up methods, and another way includes generative and discriminative methods. Considering the fact that one direct application of human pose estimation is to provide initialization for automatic video surveillance, there are additional sections for motion-related methods in all modules: motion features, motion models, and motion-based methods. Finally, the paper also collects 26 publicly available data sets for validation and provides error measurement methods that are frequently used. |
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ISE; 600.098; 600.119 |
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Admin @ si @ GZG2016 |
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2933 |
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Author |
Victor Ponce; Baiyu Chen; Marc Oliu; Ciprian Corneanu; Albert Clapes; Isabelle Guyon; Xavier Baro; Hugo Jair Escalante; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
ChaLearn LAP 2016: First Round Challenge on First Impressions – Dataset and Results |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
14th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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Behavior Analysis; Personality Traits; First Impressions |
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This paper summarizes the ChaLearn Looking at People 2016 First Impressions challenge data and results obtained by the teams in the rst round of the competition. The goal of the competition was to automatically evaluate ve \apparent“ personality traits (the so-called \Big Five”) from videos of subjects speaking in front of a camera, by using human judgment. In this edition of the ChaLearn challenge, a novel data set consisting of 10,000 shorts clips from YouTube videos has been made publicly available. The ground truth for personality traits was obtained from workers of Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). To alleviate calibration problems between workers, we used pairwise comparisons between videos, and variable levels were reconstructed by tting a Bradley-Terry-Luce model with maximum likelihood. The CodaLab open source
platform was used for submission of predictions and scoring. The competition attracted, over a period of 2 months, 84 participants who are grouped in several teams. Nine teams entered the nal phase. Despite the diculty of the task, the teams made great advances in this round of the challenge. |
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Amsterdam; The Netherlands; October 2016 |
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ECCVW |
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HuPBA;MV; 600.063 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ PCP2016 |
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2828 |
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Author |
Victor Ponce |
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Title |
Evolutionary Bags of Space-Time Features for Human Analysis |
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Book Whole |
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2016 |
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PhD Thesis Universitat de Barcelona, UOC and CVC |
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Computer algorithms; Digital image processing; Digital video; Analysis of variance; Dynamic programming; Evolutionary computation; Gesture |
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The representation (or feature) learning has been an emerging concept in the last years, since it collects a set of techniques that are present in any theoretical or practical methodology referring to artificial intelligence. In computer vision, a very common representation has adopted the form of the well-known Bag of Visual Words. This representation appears implicitly in most approaches where images are described, and is also present in a huge number of areas and domains: image content retrieval, pedestrian detection, human-computer interaction, surveillance, e-health, and social computing, amongst others. The early stages of this dissertation provide an approach for learning visual representations inside evolutionary algorithms, which consists of evolving weighting schemes to improve the BoVW representations for the task of recognizing categories of videos and images. Thus, we demonstrate the applicability of the most common weighting schemes, which are often used in text mining but are less frequently found in computer vision tasks. Beyond learning these visual representations, we provide an approach based on fusion strategies for learning spatiotemporal representations, from multimodal data obtained by depth sensors. Besides, we specially aim at the evolutionary and dynamic modelling, where the temporal factor is present in the nature of the data, such as video sequences of gestures and actions. Indeed, we explore the effects of probabilistic modelling for those approaches based on dynamic programming, so as to handle the temporal deformation and variance amongst video sequences of different categories. Finally, we integrate dynamic programming and generative models into an evolutionary computation framework, with the aim of learning Bags of SubGestures (BoSG) representations and hence to improve the generalization capability of standard gesture recognition approaches. The results obtained in the experimentation demonstrate, first, that evolutionary algorithms are useful for improving the representation of BoVW approaches in several datasets for recognizing categories in still images and video sequences. On the other hand, our experimentation reveals that both, the use of dynamic programming and generative models to align video sequences, and the representations obtained from applying fusion strategies in multimodal data, entail an enhancement on the performance when recognizing some gesture categories. Furthermore, the combination of evolutionary algorithms with models based on dynamic programming and generative approaches results, when aiming at the classification of video categories on large video datasets, in a considerable improvement over standard gesture and action recognition approaches. Finally, we demonstrate the applications of these representations in several domains for human analysis: classification of images where humans may be present, action and gesture recognition for general applications, and in particular for conversational settings within the field of restorative justice |
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June 2016 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Sergio Escalera;Xavier Baro;Hugo Jair Escalante |
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HuPBA |
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Pon2016 |
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2814 |
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Author |
Victor Campmany; Sergio Silva; Juan Carlos Moure; Toni Espinosa; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
GPU-based pedestrian detection for autonomous driving |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
GPU Technology Conference |
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Pedestrian Detection; GPU |
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Pedestrian detection for autonomous driving is one of the hardest tasks within computer vision, and involves huge computational costs. Obtaining acceptable real-time performance, measured in frames per second (fps), for the most advanced algorithms is nowadays a hard challenge. Taking the work in [1] as our baseline, we propose a CUDA implementation of a pedestrian detection system that includes LBP and HOG as feature descriptors and SVM and Random forest as classifiers. We introduce significant algorithmic adjustments and optimizations to adapt the problem to the NVIDIA GPU architecture. The aim is to deploy a real-time system providing reliable results. |
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Silicon Valley; San Francisco; USA; April 2016 |
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GTC |
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ADAS; 600.085; 600.082; 600.076 |
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ADAS @ adas @ CSM2016 |
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2737 |
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Author |
Victor Campmany; Sergio Silva; Antonio Espinosa; Juan Carlos Moure; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
GPU-based pedestrian detection for autonomous driving |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
16th International Conference on Computational Science |
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80 |
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2377-2381 |
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Pedestrian detection; Autonomous Driving; CUDA |
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We propose a real-time pedestrian detection system for the embedded Nvidia Tegra X1 GPU-CPU hybrid platform. The pipeline is composed by the following state-of-the-art algorithms: Histogram of Local Binary Patterns (LBP) and Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features extracted from the input image; Pyramidal Sliding Window technique for foreground segmentation; and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for classification. Results show a 8x speedup in the target Tegra X1 platform and a better performance/watt ratio than desktop CUDA platforms in study. |
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San Diego; CA; USA; June 2016 |
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ICCS |
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ADAS; 600.085; 600.082; 600.076 |
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ADAS @ adas @ CSE2016 |
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2741 |
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Author |
Veronica Romero; Alicia Fornes; Enrique Vidal; Joan Andreu Sanchez |
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Title |
Using the MGGI Methodology for Category-based Language Modeling in Handwritten Marriage Licenses Books |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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15th international conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition |
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Handwritten marriage licenses books have been used for centuries by ecclesiastical and secular institutions to register marriages. The information contained in these historical documents is useful for demography studies and
genealogical research, among others. Despite the generally simple structure of the text in these documents, automatic transcription and semantic information extraction is difficult due to the distinct and evolutionary vocabulary, which is composed mainly of proper names that change along the time. In previous
works we studied the use of category-based language models to both improve the automatic transcription accuracy and make easier the extraction of semantic information. Here we analyze the main causes of the semantic errors observed in previous results and apply a Grammatical Inference technique known as MGGI to improve the semantic accuracy of the language model obtained. Using this language model, full handwritten text recognition experiments have been carried out, with results supporting the interest of the proposed approach. |
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Shenzhen; China; October 2016 |
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ICFHR |
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DAG; 600.097; 602.006 |
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Admin @ si @ RFV2016 |
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2909 |
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Vassileios Balntas; Edgar Riba; Daniel Ponsa; Krystian Mikolajczyk |
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Learning local feature descriptors with triplets and shallow convolutional neural networks |
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2016 |
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27th British Machine Vision Conference |
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It has recently been demonstrated that local feature descriptors based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) can significantly improve the matching performance. Previous work on learning such descriptors has focused on exploiting pairs of positive and negative patches to learn discriminative CNN representations. In this work, we propose to utilize triplets of training samples, together with in-triplet mining of hard negatives.
We show that our method achieves state of the art results, without the computational overhead typically associated with mining of negatives and with lower complexity of the network architecture. We compare our approach to recently introduced convolutional local feature descriptors, and demonstrate the advantages of the proposed methods in terms of performance and speed. We also examine different loss functions associated with triplets. |
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York; UK; September 2016 |
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BMVC |
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ADAS; 600.086 |
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Admin @ si @ BRP2016 |
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2818 |
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Author |
Thanh Ha Do; Salvatore Tabbone; Oriol Ramos Terrades |
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Sparse representation over learned dictionary for symbol recognition |
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2016 |
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Signal Processing |
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SP |
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125 |
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36-47 |
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Symbol Recognition; Sparse Representation; Learned Dictionary; Shape Context; Interest Points |
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In this paper we propose an original sparse vector model for symbol retrieval task. More specically, we apply the K-SVD algorithm for learning a visual dictionary based on symbol descriptors locally computed around interest points. Results on benchmark datasets show that the obtained sparse representation is competitive related to state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our sparse representation is invariant to rotation and scale transforms and also robust to degraded images and distorted symbols. Thereby, the learned visual dictionary is able to represent instances of unseen classes of symbols. |
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DAG; 600.061; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ DTR2016 |
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2946 |
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Author |
Thanh Ha Do; Salvatore Tabbone; Oriol Ramos Terrades |
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Title |
Spotting Symbol over Graphical Documents Via Sparsity in Visual Vocabulary |
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Book Chapter |
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2016 |
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Recent Trends in Image Processing and Pattern Recognition |
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709 |
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RTIP2R |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ HTR2016 |
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2956 |
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Tadashi Araki; Sumit K. Banchhor; Narendra D. Londhe; Nobutaka Ikeda; Petia Radeva; Devarshi Shukla; Luca Saba; Antonella Balestrieri; Andrew Nicolaides; Shoaib Shafique; John R. Laird; Jasjit S. Suri |
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Reliable and Accurate Calcium Volume Measurement in Coronary Artery Using Intravascular Ultrasound Videos |
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2016 |
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Journal of Medical Systems |
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JMS |
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40 |
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3 |
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51:1-51:20 |
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Interventional cardiology; Atherosclerosis; Coronary arteries; IVUS; calcium volume; Soft computing; Performance Reliability; Accuracy |
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Quantitative assessment of calcified atherosclerotic volume within the coronary artery wall is vital for cardiac interventional procedures. The goal of this study is to automatically measure the calcium volume, given the borders of coronary vessel wall for all the frames of the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) video. Three soft computing fuzzy classification techniques were adapted namely Fuzzy c-Means (FCM), K-means, and Hidden Markov Random Field (HMRF) for automated segmentation of calcium regions and volume computation. These methods were benchmarked against previously developed threshold-based method. IVUS image data sets (around 30,600 IVUS frames) from 15 patients were collected using 40 MHz IVUS catheter (Atlantis® SR Pro, Boston Scientific®, pullback speed of 0.5 mm/s). Calcium mean volume for FCM, K-means, HMRF and threshold-based method were 37.84 ± 17.38 mm3, 27.79 ± 10.94 mm3, 46.44 ± 19.13 mm3 and 35.92 ± 16.44 mm3 respectively. Cross-correlation, Jaccard Index and Dice Similarity were highest between FCM and threshold-based method: 0.99, 0.92 ± 0.02 and 0.95 + 0.02 respectively. Student’s t-test, z-test and Wilcoxon-test are also performed to demonstrate consistency, reliability and accuracy of the results. Given the vessel wall region, the system reliably and automatically measures the calcium volume in IVUS videos. Further, we validated our system against a trained expert using scoring: K-means showed the best performance with an accuracy of 92.80 %. Out procedure and protocol is along the line with method previously published clinically. |
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MILAB; |
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Admin @ si @ ABL2016 |
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2729 |
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Svebor Karaman; Andrew Bagdanov; Lea Landucci; Gianpaolo D'Amico; Andrea Ferracani; Daniele Pezzatini; Alberto del Bimbo |
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Personalized multimedia content delivery on an interactive table by passive observation of museum visitors |
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2016 |
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Multimedia Tools and Applications |
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MTAP |
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75 |
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7 |
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3787-3811 |
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Computer vision; Video surveillance; Cultural heritage; Multimedia museum; Personalization; Natural interaction; Passive profiling |
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The amount of multimedia data collected in museum databases is growing fast, while the capacity of museums to display information to visitors is acutely limited by physical space. Museums must seek the perfect balance of information given on individual pieces in order to provide sufficient information to aid visitor understanding while maintaining sparse usage of the walls and guaranteeing high appreciation of the exhibit. Moreover, museums often target the interests of average visitors instead of the entire spectrum of different interests each individual visitor might have. Finally, visiting a museum should not be an experience contained in the physical space of the museum but a door opened onto a broader context of related artworks, authors, artistic trends, etc. In this paper we describe the MNEMOSYNE system that attempts to address these issues through a new multimedia museum experience. Based on passive observation, the system builds a profile of the artworks of interest for each visitor. These profiles of interest are then used to drive an interactive table that personalizes multimedia content delivery. The natural user interface on the interactive table uses the visitor’s profile, an ontology of museum content and a recommendation system to personalize exploration of multimedia content. At the end of their visit, the visitor can take home a personalized summary of their visit on a custom mobile application. In this article we describe in detail each component of our approach as well as the first field trials of our prototype system built and deployed at our permanent exhibition space at LeMurate (http://www.lemurate.comune.fi.it/lemurate/) in Florence together with the first results of the evaluation process during the official installation in the National Museum of Bargello (http://www.uffizi.firenze.it/musei/?m=bargello). |
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Springer US |
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1380-7501 |
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LAMP; 601.240; 600.079 |
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Admin @ si @ KBL2016 |
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2520 |
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