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Veronica Romero; Alicia Fornes; Nicolas Serrano; Joan Andreu Sanchez; A.H. Toselli; Volkmar Frinken; E. Vidal; Josep Llados |
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Title |
The ESPOSALLES database: An ancient marriage license corpus for off-line handwriting recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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46 |
Issue |
6 |
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1658-1669 |
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Historical records of daily activities provide intriguing insights into the life of our ancestors, useful for demography studies and genealogical research. Automatic processing of historical documents, however, has mostly been focused on single works of literature and less on social records, which tend to have a distinct layout, structure, and vocabulary. Such information is usually collected by expert demographers that devote a lot of time to manually transcribe them. This paper presents a new database, compiled from a marriage license books collection, to support research in automatic handwriting recognition for historical documents containing social records. Marriage license books are documents that were used for centuries by ecclesiastical institutions to register marriage licenses. Books from this collection are handwritten and span nearly half a millennium until the beginning of the 20th century. In addition, a study is presented about the capability of state-of-the-art handwritten text recognition systems, when applied to the presented database. Baseline results are reported for reference in future studies. |
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Elsevier Science Inc. New York, NY, USA |
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0031-3203 |
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DAG; 600.045; 602.006; 605.203 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RFS2013 |
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2298 |
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Bogdan Raducanu; Fadi Dornaika |
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Title |
A Supervised Non-linear Dimensionality Reduction Approach for Manifold Learning |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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Volume |
45 |
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6 |
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2432-2444 |
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IF= 2.61
IF=2.61 (2010)
In this paper we introduce a novel supervised manifold learning technique called Supervised Laplacian Eigenmaps (S-LE), which makes use of class label information to guide the procedure of non-linear dimensionality reduction by adopting the large margin concept. The graph Laplacian is split into two components: within-class graph and between-class graph to better characterize the discriminant property of the data. Our approach has two important characteristics: (i) it adaptively estimates the local neighborhood surrounding each sample based on data density and similarity and (ii) the objective function simultaneously maximizes the local margin between heterogeneous samples and pushes the homogeneous samples closer to each other.
Our approach has been tested on several challenging face databases and it has been conveniently compared with other linear and non-linear techniques, demonstrating its superiority. Although we have concentrated in this paper on the face recognition problem, the proposed approach could also be applied to other category of objects characterized by large variations in their appearance (such as hand or body pose, for instance. |
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Elsevier |
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0031-3203 |
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OR; MV |
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Admin @ si @ RaD2012a |
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1884 |
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Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Anjan Dutta; Trung Quy Phan; Chew Lim Tan; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
A Novel Mutual Nearest Neighbor based Symmetry for Text Frame Classification in Video |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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44 |
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8 |
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1671-1683 |
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In the field of multimedia retrieval in video, text frame classification is essential for text detection, event detection, event boundary detection, etc. We propose a new text frame classification method that introduces a combination of wavelet and median moment with k-means clustering to select probable text blocks among 16 equally sized blocks of a video frame. The same feature combination is used with a new Max–Min clustering at the pixel level to choose probable dominant text pixels in the selected probable text blocks. For the probable text pixels, a so-called mutual nearest neighbor based symmetry is explored with a four-quadrant formation centered at the centroid of the probable dominant text pixels to know whether a block is a true text block or not. If a frame produces at least one true text block then it is considered as a text frame otherwise it is a non-text frame. Experimental results on different text and non-text datasets including two public datasets and our own created data show that the proposed method gives promising results in terms of recall and precision at the block and frame levels. Further, we also show how existing text detection methods tend to misclassify non-text frames as text frames in term of recall and precision at both the block and frame levels. |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SDP2011 |
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1727 |
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Author |
Jon Almazan; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
A non-rigid appearance model for shape description and recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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45 |
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9 |
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3105--3113 |
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Shape recognition; Deformable models; Shape modeling; Hand-drawn recognition |
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In this paper we describe a framework to learn a model of shape variability in a set of patterns. The framework is based on the Active Appearance Model (AAM) and permits to combine shape deformations with appearance variability. We have used two modifications of the Blurred Shape Model (BSM) descriptor as basic shape and appearance features to learn the model. These modifications permit to overcome the rigidity of the original BSM, adapting it to the deformations of the shape to be represented. We have applied this framework to representation and classification of handwritten digits and symbols. We show that results of the proposed methodology outperform the original BSM approach. |
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0031-3203 |
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DAG |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ AFV2012 |
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1982 |
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Author |
Svebor Karaman; Giuseppe Lisanti; Andrew Bagdanov; Alberto del Bimbo |
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Title |
Leveraging local neighborhood topology for large scale person re-identification |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3767–3778 |
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Keywords |
Re-identification; Conditional random field; Semi-supervised; ETHZ; CAVIAR; 3DPeS; CMV100 |
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Abstract |
In this paper we describe a semi-supervised approach to person re-identification that combines discriminative models of person identity with a Conditional Random Field (CRF) to exploit the local manifold approximation induced by the nearest neighbor graph in feature space. The linear discriminative models learned on few gallery images provides coarse separation of probe images into identities, while a graph topology defined by distances between all person images in feature space leverages local support for label propagation in the CRF. We evaluate our approach using multiple scenarios on several publicly available datasets, where the number of identities varies from 28 to 191 and the number of images ranges between 1003 and 36 171. We demonstrate that the discriminative model and the CRF are complementary and that the combination of both leads to significant improvement over state-of-the-art approaches. We further demonstrate how the performance of our approach improves with increasing test data and also with increasing amounts of additional unlabeled data. |
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LAMP; 601.240; 600.079 |
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Admin @ si @ KLB2014a |
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2522 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; David Aldavert; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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48 |
Issue |
2 |
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545–555 |
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Historical documents; Keyword spotting; Segmentation-free; Dense SIFT features; Latent semantic analysis; Product quantization |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present an efficient segmentation-free word spotting method, applied in the context of historical document collections, that follows the query-by-example paradigm. We use a patch-based framework where local patches are described by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. By projecting the patch descriptors to a topic space with the latent semantic analysis technique and compressing the descriptors with the product quantization method, we are able to efficiently index the document information both in terms of memory and time. The proposed method is evaluated using four different collections of historical documents achieving good performances on both handwritten and typewritten scenarios. The yielded performances outperform the recent state-of-the-art keyword spotting approaches. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077; 600.061; 601.223; 602.006; 600.055 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RAT2015a |
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2544 |
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Author |
Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Umapada Pal |
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Title |
A symbol spotting approach in graphical documents by hashing serialized graphs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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46 |
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3 |
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752-768 |
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Symbol spotting; Graphics recognition; Graph matching; Graph serialization; Graph factorization; Graph paths; Hashing |
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Abstract |
In this paper we propose a symbol spotting technique in graphical documents. Graphs are used to represent the documents and a (sub)graph matching technique is used to detect the symbols in them. We propose a graph serialization to reduce the usual computational complexity of graph matching. Serialization of graphs is performed by computing acyclic graph paths between each pair of connected nodes. Graph paths are one-dimensional structures of graphs which are less expensive in terms of computation. At the same time they enable robust localization even in the presence of noise and distortion. Indexing in large graph databases involves a computational burden as well. We propose a graph factorization approach to tackle this problem. Factorization is intended to create a unified indexed structure over the database of graphical documents. Once graph paths are extracted, the entire database of graphical documents is indexed in hash tables by locality sensitive hashing (LSH) of shape descriptors of the paths. The hashing data structure aims to execute an approximate k-NN search in a sub-linear time. We have performed detailed experiments with various datasets of line drawings and compared our method with the state-of-the-art works. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our technique. |
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Elsevier |
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0031-3203 |
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DAG; 600.042; 600.045; 605.203; 601.152 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ DLP2012 |
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2127 |
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Author |
Jon Almazan; Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Segmentation-free Word Spotting with Exemplar SVMs |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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47 |
Issue |
12 |
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3967–3978 |
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Word spotting; Segmentation-free; Unsupervised learning; Reranking; Query expansion; Compression |
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Abstract |
In this paper we propose an unsupervised segmentation-free method for word spotting in document images. Documents are represented with a grid of HOG descriptors, and a sliding-window approach is used to locate the document regions that are most similar to the query. We use the Exemplar SVM framework to produce a better representation of the query in an unsupervised way. Then, we use a more discriminative representation based on Fisher Vector to rerank the best regions retrieved, and the most promising ones are used to expand the Exemplar SVM training set and improve the query representation. Finally, the document descriptors are precomputed and compressed with Product Quantization. This offers two advantages: first, a large number of documents can be kept in RAM memory at the same time. Second, the sliding window becomes significantly faster since distances between quantized HOG descriptors can be precomputed. Our results significantly outperform other segmentation-free methods in the literature, both in accuracy and in speed and memory usage. |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ AGF2014b |
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2485 |
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Author |
Meysam Madadi; Hugo Bertiche; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
SMPLR: Deep learning based SMPL reverse for 3D human pose and shape recovery |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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106 |
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107472 |
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Deep learning; 3D Human pose; Body shape; SMPL; Denoising autoencoder; Volumetric stack hourglass |
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In this paper we propose to embed SMPL within a deep-based model to accurately estimate 3D pose and shape from a still RGB image. We use CNN-based 3D joint predictions as an intermediate representation to regress SMPL pose and shape parameters. Later, 3D joints are reconstructed again in the SMPL output. This module can be seen as an autoencoder where the encoder is a deep neural network and the decoder is SMPL model. We refer to this as SMPL reverse (SMPLR). By implementing SMPLR as an encoder-decoder we avoid the need of complex constraints on pose and shape. Furthermore, given that in-the-wild datasets usually lack accurate 3D annotations, it is desirable to lift 2D joints to 3D without pairing 3D annotations with RGB images. Therefore, we also propose a denoising autoencoder (DAE) module between CNN and SMPLR, able to lift 2D joints to 3D and partially recover from structured error. We evaluate our method on SURREAL and Human3.6M datasets, showing improvement over SMPL-based state-of-the-art alternatives by about 4 and 12 mm, respectively. |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MBE2020 |
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3439 |
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Author |
Ignasi Rius; Jordi Gonzalez; Javier Varona; Xavier Roca |
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Action-specific motion prior for efficient bayesian 3D human body tracking |
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2009 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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42 |
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11 |
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2907–2921 |
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In this paper, we aim to reconstruct the 3D motion parameters of a human body
model from the known 2D positions of a reduced set of joints in the image plane.
Towards this end, an action-specific motion model is trained from a database of real
motion-captured performances. The learnt motion model is used within a particle
filtering framework as a priori knowledge on human motion. First, our dynamic
model guides the particles according to similar situations previously learnt. Then, the solution space is constrained so only feasible human postures are accepted as valid solutions at each time step. As a result, we are able to track the 3D configuration of the full human body from several cycles of walking motion sequences using only the 2D positions of a very reduced set of joints from lateral or frontal viewpoints. |
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0031-3203 |
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ISE |
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ISE @ ise @ RGV2009 |
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1159 |
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Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados |
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Boosting the Handwritten Word Spotting Experience by Including the User in the Loop |
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2014 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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47 |
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3 |
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1063–1072 |
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Handwritten word spotting; Query by example; Relevance feedback; Query fusion; Multidimensional scaling |
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In this paper, we study the effect of taking the user into account in a query-by-example handwritten word spotting framework. Several off-the-shelf query fusion and relevance feedback strategies have been tested in the handwritten word spotting context. The increase in terms of precision when the user is included in the loop is assessed using two datasets of historical handwritten documents and two baseline word spotting approaches both based on the bag-of-visual-words model. We finally present two alternative ways of presenting the results to the user that might be more attractive and suitable to the user's needs than the classic ranked list. |
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0031-3203 |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.061; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ RuL2013 |
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2343 |
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Pierluigi Casale; Oriol Pujol; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Approximate polytope ensemble for one-class classification |
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2014 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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47 |
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2 |
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854-864 |
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One-class classification; Convex hull; High-dimensionality; Random projections; Ensemble learning |
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In this work, a new one-class classification ensemble strategy called approximate polytope ensemble is presented. The main contribution of the paper is threefold. First, the geometrical concept of convex hull is used to define the boundary of the target class defining the problem. Expansions and contractions of this geometrical structure are introduced in order to avoid over-fitting. Second, the decision whether a point belongs to the convex hull model in high dimensional spaces is approximated by means of random projections and an ensemble decision process. Finally, a tiling strategy is proposed in order to model non-convex structures. Experimental results show that the proposed strategy is significantly better than state of the art one-class classification methods on over 200 datasets. |
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MILAB; 605.203 |
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Admin @ si @ CPR2014a |
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2469 |
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Andres Mafla; Ruben Tito; Sounak Dey; Lluis Gomez; Marçal Rusiñol; Ernest Valveny; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Real-time Lexicon-free Scene Text Retrieval |
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Journal Article |
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2021 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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110 |
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107656 |
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In this work, we address the task of scene text retrieval: given a text query, the system returns all images containing the queried text. The proposed model uses a single shot CNN architecture that predicts bounding boxes and builds a compact representation of spotted words. In this way, this problem can be modeled as a nearest neighbor search of the textual representation of a query over the outputs of the CNN collected from the totality of an image database. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms previous state-of-the-art, while offering a significant increase in processing speed and unmatched expressiveness with samples never seen at training time. Several experiments to assess the generalization capability of the model are conducted in a multilingual dataset, as well as an application of real-time text spotting in videos. |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.129; 601.338 |
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Admin @ si @ MTD2021 |
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3493 |
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Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |
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Product graph-based higher order contextual similarities for inexact subgraph matching |
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2018 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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76 |
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596-611 |
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Many algorithms formulate graph matching as an optimization of an objective function of pairwise quantification of nodes and edges of two graphs to be matched. Pairwise measurements usually consider local attributes but disregard contextual information involved in graph structures. We address this issue by proposing contextual similarities between pairs of nodes. This is done by considering the tensor product graph (TPG) of two graphs to be matched, where each node is an ordered pair of nodes of the operand graphs. Contextual similarities between a pair of nodes are computed by accumulating weighted walks (normalized pairwise similarities) terminating at the corresponding paired node in TPG. Once the contextual similarities are obtained, we formulate subgraph matching as a node and edge selection problem in TPG. We use contextual similarities to construct an objective function and optimize it with a linear programming approach. Since random walk formulation through TPG takes into account higher order information, it is not a surprise that we obtain more reliable similarities and better discrimination among the nodes and edges. Experimental results shown on synthetic as well as real benchmarks illustrate that higher order contextual similarities increase discriminating power and allow one to find approximate solutions to the subgraph matching problem. |
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DAG; 602.167; 600.097; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ DLB2018 |
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3083 |
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Juan Ignacio Toledo; Manuel Carbonell; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
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Information Extraction from Historical Handwritten Document Images with a Context-aware Neural Model |
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2019 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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86 |
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27-36 |
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Document image analysis; Handwritten documents; Named entity recognition; Deep neural networks |
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Many historical manuscripts that hold trustworthy memories of the past societies contain information organized in a structured layout (e.g. census, birth or marriage records). The precious information stored in these documents cannot be effectively used nor accessed without costly annotation efforts. The transcription driven by the semantic categories of words is crucial for the subsequent access. In this paper we describe an approach to extract information from structured historical handwritten text images and build a knowledge representation for the extraction of meaning out of historical data. The method extracts information, such as named entities, without the need of an intermediate transcription step, thanks to the incorporation of context information through language models. Our system has two variants, the first one is based on bigrams, whereas the second one is based on recurrent neural networks. Concretely, our second architecture integrates a Convolutional Neural Network to model visual information from word images together with a Bidirecitonal Long Short Term Memory network to model the relation among the words. This integrated sequential approach is able to extract more information than just the semantic category (e.g. a semantic category can be associated to a person in a record). Our system is generic, it deals with out-of-vocabulary words by design, and it can be applied to structured handwritten texts from different domains. The method has been validated with the ICDAR IEHHR competition protocol, outperforming the existing approaches. |
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DAG; 600.097; 601.311; 603.057; 600.084; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ TCF2019 |
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3166 |
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