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Patricia Suarez, Henry Velesaca, Dario Carpio, & Angel Sappa. (2023). Corn kernel classification from few training samples. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 89–99.
Abstract: This article presents an efficient approach to classify a set of corn kernels in contact, which may contain good, or defective kernels along with impurities. The proposed approach consists of two stages, the first one is a next-generation segmentation network, trained by using a set of synthesized images that is applied to divide the given image into a set of individual instances. An ad-hoc lightweight CNN architecture is then proposed to classify each instance into one of three categories (ie good, defective, and impurities). The segmentation network is trained using a strategy that avoids the time-consuming and human-error-prone task of manual data annotation. Regarding the classification stage, the proposed ad-hoc network is designed with only a few sets of layers to result in a lightweight architecture capable of being used in integrated solutions. Experimental results and comparisons with previous approaches showing both the improvement in accuracy and the reduction in time are provided. Finally, the segmentation and classification approach proposed can be easily adapted for use with other cereal types.
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Henry Velesaca, Patricia Suarez, Raul Mira, & Angel Sappa. (2021). Computer Vision based Food Grain Classification: a Comprehensive Survey. CEA - Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 187, 106287.
Abstract: This manuscript presents a comprehensive survey on recent computer vision based food grain classification techniques. It includes state-of-the-art approaches intended for different grain varieties. The approaches proposed in the literature are analyzed according to the processing stages considered in the classification pipeline, making it easier to identify common techniques and comparisons. Additionally, the type of images considered by each approach (i.e., images from the: visible, infrared, multispectral, hyperspectral bands) together with the strategy used to generate ground truth data (i.e., real and synthetic images) are reviewed. Finally, conclusions highlighting future needs and challenges are presented.
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Joan Serrat, Felipe Lumbreras, Francisco Blanco, Manuel Valiente, & Montserrat Lopez-Mesas. (2017). myStone: A system for automatic kidney stone classification. ESA - Expert Systems with Applications, 89, 41–51.
Abstract: Kidney stone formation is a common disease and the incidence rate is constantly increasing worldwide. It has been shown that the classification of kidney stones can lead to an important reduction of the recurrence rate. The classification of kidney stones by human experts on the basis of certain visual color and texture features is one of the most employed techniques. However, the knowledge of how to analyze kidney stones is not widespread, and the experts learn only after being trained on a large number of samples of the different classes. In this paper we describe a new device specifically designed for capturing images of expelled kidney stones, and a method to learn and apply the experts knowledge with regard to their classification. We show that with off the shelf components, a carefully selected set of features and a state of the art classifier it is possible to automate this difficult task to a good degree. We report results on a collection of 454 kidney stones, achieving an overall accuracy of 63% for a set of eight classes covering almost all of the kidney stones taxonomy. Moreover, for more than 80% of samples the real class is the first or the second most probable class according to the system, being then the patient recommendations for the two top classes similar. This is the first attempt towards the automatic visual classification of kidney stones, and based on the current results we foresee better accuracies with the increase of the dataset size.
Keywords: Kidney stone; Optical device; Computer vision; Image classification
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Xavier Soria, Gonzalo Pomboza-Junez, & Angel Sappa. (2022). LDC: Lightweight Dense CNN for Edge Detection. ACCESS - IEEE Access, 10, 68281–68290.
Abstract: This paper presents a Lightweight Dense Convolutional (LDC) neural network for edge detection. The proposed model is an adaptation of two state-of-the-art approaches, but it requires less than 4% of parameters in comparison with these approaches. The proposed architecture generates thin edge maps and reaches the highest score (i.e., ODS) when compared with lightweight models (models with less than 1 million parameters), and reaches a similar performance when compare with heavy architectures (models with about 35 million parameters). Both quantitative and qualitative results and comparisons with state-of-the-art models, using different edge detection datasets, are provided. The proposed LDC does not use pre-trained weights and requires straightforward hyper-parameter settings. The source code is released at https://github.com/xavysp/LDC
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Armin Mehri, Parichehr Behjati, & Angel Sappa. (2023). TnTViT-G: Transformer in Transformer Network for Guidance Super Resolution. ACCESS - IEEE Access, 11, 11529–11540.
Abstract: Image Super Resolution is a potential approach that can improve the image quality of low-resolution optical sensors, leading to improved performance in various industrial applications. It is important to emphasize that most state-of-the-art super resolution algorithms often use a single channel of input data for training and inference. However, this practice ignores the fact that the cost of acquiring high-resolution images in various spectral domains can differ a lot from one another. In this paper, we attempt to exploit complementary information from a low-cost channel (visible image) to increase the image quality of an expensive channel (infrared image). We propose a dual stream Transformer-based super resolution approach that uses the visible image as a guide to super-resolve another spectral band image. To this end, we introduce Transformer in Transformer network for Guidance super resolution, named TnTViT-G, an efficient and effective method that extracts the features of input images via different streams and fuses them together at various stages. In addition, unlike other guidance super resolution approaches, TnTViT-G is not limited to a fixed upsample size and it can generate super-resolved images of any size. Extensive experiments on various datasets show that the proposed model outperforms other state-of-the-art super resolution approaches. TnTViT-G surpasses state-of-the-art methods by up to 0.19∼2.3dB , while it is memory efficient.
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