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Author |
Francisco Alvaro; Francisco Cruz; Joan Andreu Sanchez; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Jose Miguel Benedi |
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Title |
Structure Detection and Segmentation of Documents Using 2D Stochastic Context-Free Grammars |
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Journal Article |
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Year  |
2015 |
Publication |
Neurocomputing |
Abbreviated Journal |
NEUCOM |
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Volume |
150 |
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A |
Pages |
147-154 |
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Keywords |
document image analysis; stochastic context-free grammars; text classi cation features |
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Abstract |
In this paper we de ne a bidimensional extension of Stochastic Context-Free Grammars for structure detection and segmentation of images of documents.
Two sets of text classi cation features are used to perform an initial classi cation of each zone of the page. Then, the document segmentation is obtained as the most likely hypothesis according to a stochastic grammar. We used a dataset of historical marriage license books to validate this approach. We also tested several inference algorithms for Probabilistic Graphical Models
and the results showed that the proposed grammatical model outperformed
the other methods. Furthermore, grammars also provide the document structure
along with its segmentation. |
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DAG; 601.158; 600.077; 600.061 |
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Admin @ si @ ACS2015 |
Serial |
2531 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; David Aldavert; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
545–555 |
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Historical documents; Keyword spotting; Segmentation-free; Dense SIFT features; Latent semantic analysis; Product quantization |
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In this paper we present an efficient segmentation-free word spotting method, applied in the context of historical document collections, that follows the query-by-example paradigm. We use a patch-based framework where local patches are described by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. By projecting the patch descriptors to a topic space with the latent semantic analysis technique and compressing the descriptors with the product quantization method, we are able to efficiently index the document information both in terms of memory and time. The proposed method is evaluated using four different collections of historical documents achieving good performances on both handwritten and typewritten scenarios. The yielded performances outperform the recent state-of-the-art keyword spotting approaches. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077; 600.061; 601.223; 602.006; 600.055 |
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Admin @ si @ RAT2015a |
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2544 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Sergi Robles; Gemma Sanchez |
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Title |
CVC-FP and SGT: a new database for structural floor plan analysis and its groundtruthing tool |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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18 |
Issue |
1 |
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15-30 |
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Recent results on structured learning methods have shown the impact of structural information in a wide range of pattern recognition tasks. In the field of document image analysis, there is a long experience on structural methods for the analysis and information extraction of multiple types of documents. Yet, the lack of conveniently annotated and free access databases has not benefited the progress in some areas such as technical drawing understanding. In this paper, we present a floor plan database, named CVC-FP, that is annotated for the architectural objects and their structural relations. To construct this database, we have implemented a groundtruthing tool, the SGT tool, that allows to make specific this sort of information in a natural manner. This tool has been made for general purpose groundtruthing: It allows to define own object classes and properties, multiple labeling options are possible, grants the cooperative work, and provides user and version control. We finally have collected some of the recent work on floor plan interpretation and present a quantitative benchmark for this database. Both CVC-FP database and the SGT tool are freely released to the research community to ease comparisons between methods and boost reproducible research. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.061; 600.076; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ HRR2015 |
Serial |
2567 |
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Author |
G.Thorvaldsen; Joana Maria Pujadas-Mora; T.Andersen ; L.Eikvil; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anna Cabre |
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Title |
A Tale of two Transcriptions |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Historical Life Course Studies |
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2 |
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1-19 |
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Nominative Sources; Census; Vital Records; Computer Vision; Optical Character Recognition; Word Spotting |
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non-indexed
This article explains how two projects implement semi-automated transcription routines: for census sheets in Norway and marriage protocols from Barcelona. The Spanish system was created to transcribe the marriage license books from 1451 to 1905 for the Barcelona area; one of the world’s longest series of preserved vital records. Thus, in the Project “Five Centuries of Marriages” (5CofM) at the Autonomous University of Barcelona’s Center for Demographic Studies, the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database has been built. More than 600,000 records were transcribed by 150 transcribers working online. The Norwegian material is cross-sectional as it is the 1891 census, recorded on one sheet per person. This format and the underlining of keywords for several variables made it more feasible to semi-automate data entry than when many persons are listed on the same page. While Optical Character Recognition (OCR) for printed text is scientifically mature, computer vision research is now focused on more difficult problems such as handwriting recognition. In the marriage project, document analysis methods have been proposed to automatically recognize the marriage licenses. Fully automatic recognition is still a challenge, but some promising results have been obtained. In Spain, Norway and elsewhere the source material is available as scanned pictures on the Internet, opening up the possibility for further international cooperation concerning automating the transcription of historic source materials. Like what is being done in projects to digitize printed materials, the optimal solution is likely to be a combination of manual transcription and machine-assisted recognition also for hand-written sources. |
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2352-6343 |
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Notes |
DAG; 600.077; 602.006 |
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Admin @ si @ TPA2015 |
Serial |
2582 |
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Author |
Hongxing Gao |
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Title |
Focused Structural Document Image Retrieval in Digital Mailroom Applications |
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Book Whole |
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2015 |
Publication |
PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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In this work, we develop a generic framework that is able to handle the document retrieval problem in various scenarios such as searching for full page matches or retrieving the counterparts for specific document areas, focusing on their structural similarity or letting their visual resemblance to play a dominant role. Based on the spatial indexing technique, we propose to search for matches of local key-region pairs carrying both structural and visual information from the collection while a scheme allowing to adjust the relative contribution of structural and visual similarity is presented.
Based on the fact that the structure of documents is tightly linked with the distance among their elements, we firstly introduce an efficient detector named Distance Transform based Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (DTMSER). We illustrate that this detector is able to efficiently extract the structure of a document image as a dendrogram (hierarchical tree) of multi-scale key-regions that roughly correspond to letters, words and paragraphs. We demonstrate that, without benefiting from the structure information, the key-regions extracted by the DTMSER algorithm achieve better results comparing with state-of-the-art methods while much less amount of key-regions are employed.
We subsequently propose a pair-wise Bag of Words (BoW) framework to efficiently embed the explicit structure extracted by the DTMSER algorithm. We represent each document as a list of key-region pairs that correspond to the edges in the dendrogram where inclusion relationship is encoded. By employing those structural key-region pairs as the pooling elements for generating the histogram of features, the proposed method is able to encode the explicit inclusion relations into a BoW representation. The experimental results illustrate that the pair-wise BoW, powered by the embedded structural information, achieves remarkable improvement over the conventional BoW and spatial pyramidal BoW methods.
To handle various retrieval scenarios in one framework, we propose to directly query a series of key-region pairs, carrying both structure and visual information, from the collection. We introduce the spatial indexing techniques to the document retrieval community to speed up the structural relationship computation for key-region pairs. We firstly test the proposed framework in a full page retrieval scenario where structurally similar matches are expected. In this case, the pair-wise querying method achieves notable improvement over the BoW and spatial pyramidal BoW frameworks. Furthermore, we illustrate that the proposed method is also able to handle focused retrieval situations where the queries are defined as a specific interesting partial areas of the images. We examine our method on two types of focused queries: structure-focused and exact queries. The experimental results show that, the proposed generic framework obtains nearly perfect precision on both types of focused queries while it is the first framework able to tackle structure-focused queries, setting a new state of the art in the field.
Besides, we introduce a line verification method to check the spatial consistency among the matched key-region pairs. We propose a computationally efficient version of line verification through a two step implementation. We first compute tentative localizations of the query and subsequently employ them to divide the matched key-region pairs into several groups, then line verification is performed within each group while more precise bounding boxes are computed. We demonstrate that, comparing with the standard approach (based on RANSAC), the line verification proposed generally achieves much higher recall with slight loss on precision on specific queries. |
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January 2015 |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Josep Llados;Dimosthenis Karatzas;Marçal Rusiñol |
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978-84-943427-0-7 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ Gao2015 |
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2577 |
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Author |
Christophe Rigaud; Clement Guerin; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Jean-Christophe Burie; Jean-Marc Ogier |
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Title |
Knowledge-driven understanding of images in comic books |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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18 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
199-221 |
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Document Understanding; comics analysis; expert system |
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Document analysis is an active field of research, which can attain a complete understanding of the semantics of a given document. One example of the document understanding process is enabling a computer to identify the key elements of a comic book story and arrange them according to a predefined domain knowledge. In this study, we propose a knowledge-driven system that can interact with bottom-up and top-down information to progressively understand the content of a document. We model the comic book’s and the image processing domains knowledge for information consistency analysis. In addition, different image processing methods are improved or developed to extract panels, balloons, tails, texts, comic characters and their semantic relations in an unsupervised way. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; 600.056; 600.077 |
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RGK2015 |
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2595 |
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Author |
Carles Sanchez; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Patricia Marquez; Enric Marti; J.Roncaries; Debora Gil |
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Title |
Automatic evaluation of practices in Moodle for Self Learning in Engineering |
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2015 |
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Journal of Technology and Science Education |
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JOTSE |
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5 |
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2 |
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97-106 |
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IAM; DAG; 600.075; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ SRM2015 |
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2610 |
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Author |
Olivier Lefebvre; Pau Riba; Charles Fournier; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Rejean Plamondon; Jules Gagnon-Marchand |
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Title |
Monitoring neuromotricity on-line: a cloud computing approach |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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17th Conference of the International Graphonomics Society IGS2015 |
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The goal of our experiment is to develop a useful and accessible tool that can be used to evaluate a patient's health by analyzing handwritten strokes. We use a cloud computing approach to analyze stroke data sampled on a commercial tablet working on the Android platform and a distant server to perform complex calculations using the Delta and Sigma lognormal algorithms. A Google Drive account is used to store the data and to ease the development of the project. The communication between the tablet, the cloud and the server is encrypted to ensure biomedical information confidentiality. Highly parameterized biomedical tests are implemented on the tablet as well as a free drawing test to evaluate the validity of the data acquired by the first test compared to the second one. A blurred shape model descriptor pattern recognition algorithm is used to classify the data obtained by the free drawing test. The functions presented in this paper are still currently under development and other improvements are needed before launching the application in the public domain. |
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Pointe-à-Pitre; Guadeloupe; June 2015 |
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IGS |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ LRF2015 |
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2617 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta |
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Title |
Large-scale Graph Indexing using Binary Embeddings of Node Contexts |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
10th IAPR-TC15 Workshop on Graph-based Representations in Pattern Recognition |
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9069 |
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208-217 |
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Graph matching; Graph indexing; Application in document analysis; Word spotting; Binary embedding |
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Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations in terms of feature vectors. Retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs has the drawback of the high computational complexity required to compare the query and the target graphs. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. In this paper we propose a fast indexation formalism for graph retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Hence, each attribute counts the length of a walk of order k originated in a vertex with label l. Each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in a handwritten word spotting scenario in images of historical documents. |
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Beijing; China; May 2015 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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C.-L.Liu; B.Luo; W.G.Kropatsch; J.Cheng |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-319-18223-0 |
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GbRPR |
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DAG; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ RLF2015a |
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2618 |
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Author |
Youssef El Rhabi; Simon Loic; Brun Luc |
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Estimation de la pose d’une caméra à partir d’un flux vidéo en s’approchant du temps réel |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
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15ème édition d'ORASIS, journées francophones des jeunes chercheurs en vision par ordinateur ORASIS2015 |
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Augmented Reality; SFM; SLAM; real time pose computation; 2D/3D registration |
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Finding a way to estimate quickly and robustly the pose of an image is essential in augmented reality. Here we will discuss the approach we chose in order to get closer to real time by using SIFT points [4]. We propose a method based on filtering both SIFT points and images on which to focus on. Hence we will focus on relevant data. |
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Amiens; France; June 2015 |
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ORASIS |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RLL2015 |
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2626 |
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