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Marçal Rusiñol; J. Chazalon; Katerine Diaz |
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Title |
Augmented Songbook: an Augmented Reality Educational Application for Raising Music Awareness |
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2018 |
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Multimedia Tools and Applications |
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MTAP |
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77 |
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11 |
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13773-13798 |
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Augmented reality; Document image matching; Educational applications |
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This paper presents the development of an Augmented Reality mobile application which aims at sensibilizing young children to abstract concepts of music. Such concepts are, for instance, the musical notation or the idea of rhythm. Recent studies in Augmented Reality for education suggest that such technologies have multiple benefits for students, including younger ones. As mobile document image acquisition and processing gains maturity on mobile platforms, we explore how it is possible to build a markerless and real-time application to augment the physical documents with didactic animations and interactive virtual content. Given a standard image processing pipeline, we compare the performance of different local descriptors at two key stages of the process. Results suggest alternatives to the SIFT local descriptors, regarding result quality and computational efficiency, both for document model identification and perspective transform estimation. All experiments are performed on an original and public dataset we introduce here. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.084; 600.121; 600.118; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ RCD2018 |
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2996 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; J.A. Jorge |
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Title |
A syntactic approach based on distortion-tolerant Adjacency Grammars and a spatial-directed parser to interpret sketched diagrams |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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43 |
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12 |
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4148–4164 |
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Syntactic Pattern Recognition; Symbol recognition; Diagram understanding; Sketched diagrams; Adjacency Grammars; Incremental parsing; Spatial directed parsing |
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This paper presents a syntactic approach based on Adjacency Grammars (AG) for sketch diagram modeling and understanding. Diagrams are a combination of graphical symbols arranged according to a set of spatial rules defined by a visual language. AG describe visual shapes by productions defined in terms of terminal and non-terminal symbols (graphical primitives and subshapes), and a set functions describing the spatial arrangements between symbols. Our approach to sketch diagram understanding provides three main contributions. First, since AG are linear grammars, there is a need to define shapes and relations inherently bidimensional using a sequential formalism. Second, our parsing approach uses an indexing structure based on a spatial tessellation. This serves to reduce the search space when finding candidates to produce a valid reduction. This allows order-free parsing of 2D visual sentences while keeping combinatorial explosion in check. Third, working with sketches requires a distortion model to cope with the natural variations of hand drawn strokes. To this end we extended the basic grammar with a distortion measure modeled on the allowable variation on spatial constraints associated with grammar productions. Finally, the paper reports on an experimental framework an interactive system for sketch analysis. User tests performed on two real scenarios show that our approach is usable in interactive settings. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG @ dag @ MLS2010 |
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1336 |
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Umapada Pal; Partha Pratim Roy; N. Tripathya; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Multi-oriented Bangla and Devnagari text recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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43 |
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12 |
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4124–4136 |
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There are printed complex documents where text lines of a single page may have different orientations or the text lines may be curved in shape. As a result, it is difficult to detect the skew of such documents and hence character segmentation and recognition of such documents are a complex task. In this paper, using background and foreground information we propose a novel scheme towards the recognition of Indian complex documents of Bangla and Devnagari script. In Bangla and Devnagari documents usually characters in a word touch and they form cavity regions. To take care of these cavity regions, background information of such documents is used. Convex hull and water reservoir principle have been applied for this purpose. Here, at first, the characters are segmented from the documents using the background information of the text. Next, individual characters are recognized using rotation invariant features obtained from the foreground part of the characters.
For character segmentation, at first, writing mode of a touching component (word) is detected using water reservoir principle based features. Next, depending on writing mode and the reservoir base-region of the touching component, a set of candidate envelope points is then selected from the contour points of the component. Based on these candidate points, the touching component is finally segmented into individual characters. For recognition of multi-sized/multi-oriented characters the features are computed from different angular information obtained from the external and internal contour pixels of the characters. These angular information are computed in such a way that they do not depend on the size and rotation of the characters. Circular and convex hull rings have been used to divide a character into smaller zones to get zone-wise features for higher recognition results. We combine circular and convex hull features to improve the results and these features are fed to support vector machines (SVM) for recognition. From our experiment we obtained recognition results of 99.18% (98.86%) accuracy when tested on 7515 (7874) Devnagari (Bangla) characters. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ PRT2010 |
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1337 |
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Yunchao Gong; Svetlana Lazebnik; Albert Gordo; Florent Perronnin |
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Title |
Iterative quantization: A procrustean approach to learning binary codes for Large-Scale Image Retrieval |
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2012 |
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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35 |
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12 |
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2916-2929 |
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This paper addresses the problem of learning similarity-preserving binary codes for efficient similarity search in large-scale image collections. We formulate this problem in terms of finding a rotation of zero-centered data so as to minimize the quantization error of mapping this data to the vertices of a zero-centered binary hypercube, and propose a simple and efficient alternating minimization algorithm to accomplish this task. This algorithm, dubbed iterative quantization (ITQ), has connections to multi-class spectral clustering and to the orthogonal Procrustes problem, and it can be used both with unsupervised data embeddings such as PCA and supervised embeddings such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The resulting binary codes significantly outperform several other state-of-the-art methods. We also show that further performance improvements can result from transforming the data with a nonlinear kernel mapping prior to PCA or CCA. Finally, we demonstrate an application of ITQ to learning binary attributes or “classemes” on the ImageNet dataset. |
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0162-8828 |
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978-1-4577-0394-2 |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ GLG 2012b |
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2008 |
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Author |
Jon Almazan; Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Word Spotting and Recognition with Embedded Attributes |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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36 |
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12 |
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2552 - 2566 |
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This article addresses the problems of word spotting and word recognition on images. In word spotting, the goal is to find all instances of a query word in a dataset of images. In recognition, the goal is to recognize the content of the word image, usually aided by a dictionary or lexicon. We describe an approach in which both word images and text strings are embedded in a common vectorial subspace. This is achieved by a combination of label embedding and attributes learning, and a common subspace regression. In this subspace, images and strings that represent the same word are close together, allowing one to cast recognition and retrieval tasks as a nearest neighbor problem. Contrary to most other existing methods, our representation has a fixed length, is low dimensional, and is very fast to compute and, especially, to compare. We test our approach on four public datasets of both handwritten documents and natural images showing results comparable or better than the state-of-the-art on spotting and recognition tasks. |
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0162-8828 |
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DAG; 600.056; 600.045; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ AGF2014a |
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2483 |
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Author |
Jon Almazan; Albert Gordo; Alicia Fornes; Ernest Valveny |
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Title |
Segmentation-free Word Spotting with Exemplar SVMs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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47 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3967–3978 |
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Word spotting; Segmentation-free; Unsupervised learning; Reranking; Query expansion; Compression |
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In this paper we propose an unsupervised segmentation-free method for word spotting in document images. Documents are represented with a grid of HOG descriptors, and a sliding-window approach is used to locate the document regions that are most similar to the query. We use the Exemplar SVM framework to produce a better representation of the query in an unsupervised way. Then, we use a more discriminative representation based on Fisher Vector to rerank the best regions retrieved, and the most promising ones are used to expand the Exemplar SVM training set and improve the query representation. Finally, the document descriptors are precomputed and compressed with Product Quantization. This offers two advantages: first, a large number of documents can be kept in RAM memory at the same time. Second, the sliding window becomes significantly faster since distances between quantized HOG descriptors can be precomputed. Our results significantly outperform other segmentation-free methods in the literature, both in accuracy and in speed and memory usage. |
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DAG; 600.045; 600.056; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ AGF2014b |
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2485 |
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Author |
Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Enric Marti |
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Title |
Finding rotational symmetries by cyclic string matching |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Pattern recognition letters |
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PRL |
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18 |
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14 |
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1435-1442 |
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Rotational symmetry; Reflectional symmetry; String matching |
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Symmetry is an important shape feature. In this paper, a simple and fast method to detect perfect and distorted rotational symmetries of 2D objects is described. The boundary of a shape is polygonally approximated and represented as a string. Rotational symmetries are found by cyclic string matching between two identical copies of the shape string. The set of minimum cost edit sequences that transform the shape string to a cyclically shifted version of itself define the rotational symmetry and its order. Finally, a modification of the algorithm is proposed to detect reflectional symmetries. Some experimental results are presented to show the reliability of the proposed algorithm |
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Elsevier |
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DAG;IAM; |
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IAM @ iam @ LBM1997a |
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1562 |
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Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; O. Pujol; Petia Radeva; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Blurred Shape Model for Binary and Grey-level Symbol Recognition |
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2009 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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30 |
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15 |
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1424–1433 |
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Many symbol recognition problems require the use of robust descriptors in order to obtain rich information of the data. However, the research of a good descriptor is still an open issue due to the high variability of symbols appearance. Rotation, partial occlusions, elastic deformations, intra-class and inter-class variations, or high variability among symbols due to different writing styles, are just a few problems. In this paper, we introduce a symbol shape description to deal with the changes in appearance that these types of symbols suffer. The shape of the symbol is aligned based on principal components to make the recognition invariant to rotation and reflection. Then, we present the Blurred Shape Model descriptor (BSM), where new features encode the probability of appearance of each pixel that outlines the symbols shape. Moreover, we include the new descriptor in a system to deal with multi-class symbol categorization problems. Adaboost is used to train the binary classifiers, learning the BSM features that better split symbol classes. Then, the binary problems are embedded in an Error-Correcting Output Codes framework (ECOC) to deal with the multi-class case. The methodology is evaluated on different synthetic and real data sets. State-of-the-art descriptors and classifiers are compared, showing the robustness and better performance of the present scheme to classify symbols with high variability of appearance. |
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HuPBA; DAG; MILAB |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EFP2009a |
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1180 |
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Ernest Valveny; Enric Marti |
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A model for image generation and symbol recognition through the deformation of lineal shapes |
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2003 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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24 |
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15 |
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2857-2867 |
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We describe a general framework for the recognition of distorted images of lineal shapes, which relies on three items: a model to represent lineal shapes and their deformations, a model for the generation of distorted binary images and the combination of both models in a common probabilistic framework, where the generation of deformations is related to an internal energy, and the generation of binary images to an external energy. Then, recognition consists in the minimization of a global energy function, performed by using the EM algorithm. This general framework has been applied to the recognition of hand-drawn lineal symbols in graphic documents. |
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Elsevier Science Inc. |
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New York, NY, USA |
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0167-8655 |
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DAG; IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ VAM2003 |
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1653 |
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Jaume Gibert; Ernest Valveny; Horst Bunke |
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Feature Selection on Node Statistics Based Embedding of Graphs |
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2012 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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33 |
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15 |
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1980–1990 |
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Structural pattern recognition; Graph embedding; Feature ranking; PCA; Graph classification |
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Representing a graph with a feature vector is a common way of making statistical machine learning algorithms applicable to the domain of graphs. Such a transition from graphs to vectors is known as graphembedding. A key issue in graphembedding is to select a proper set of features in order to make the vectorial representation of graphs as strong and discriminative as possible. In this article, we propose features that are constructed out of frequencies of node label representatives. We first build a large set of features and then select the most discriminative ones according to different ranking criteria and feature transformation algorithms. On different classification tasks, we experimentally show that only a small significant subset of these features is needed to achieve the same classification rates as competing to state-of-the-art methods. |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ GVB2012b |
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1993 |
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