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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; Oriol Pujol; Josep Llados; Petia Radeva |

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Title |
Circular Blurred Shape Model for Multiclass Symbol Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (Part B) (IEEE) |
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TSMCB |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
497-506 |
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In this paper, we propose a circular blurred shape model descriptor to deal with the problem of symbol detection and classification as a particular case of object recognition. The feature extraction is performed by capturing the spatial arrangement of significant object characteristics in a correlogram structure. The shape information from objects is shared among correlogram regions, where a prior blurring degree defines the level of distortion allowed in the symbol, making the descriptor tolerant to irregular deformations. Moreover, the descriptor is rotation invariant by definition. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed descriptor in both the multiclass symbol recognition and symbol detection domains. In order to perform the symbol detection, the descriptors are learned using a cascade of classifiers. In the case of multiclass categorization, the new feature space is learned using a set of binary classifiers which are embedded in an error-correcting output code design. The results over four symbol data sets show the significant improvements of the proposed descriptor compared to the state-of-the-art descriptors. In particular, the results are even more significant in those cases where the symbols suffer from elastic deformations. |
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1083-4419 |
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MILAB; DAG;HuPBA |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ EFP2011 |
Serial |
1784 |
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Author |
Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Anjan Dutta; Chew Lim Tan; Umapada Pal |

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Title |
Multi-oriented scene text detection in video based on wavelet and angle projection boundary growing |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Multimedia Tools and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MTAP |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
515-539 |
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In this paper, we address two complex issues: 1) Text frame classification and 2) Multi-oriented text detection in video text frame. We first divide a video frame into 16 blocks and propose a combination of wavelet and median-moments with k-means clustering at the block level to identify probable text blocks. For each probable text block, the method applies the same combination of feature with k-means clustering over a sliding window running through the blocks to identify potential text candidates. We introduce a new idea of symmetry on text candidates in each block based on the observation that pixel distribution in text exhibits a symmetric pattern. The method integrates all blocks containing text candidates in the frame and then all text candidates are mapped on to a Sobel edge map of the original frame to obtain text representatives. To tackle the multi-orientation problem, we present a new method called Angle Projection Boundary Growing (APBG) which is an iterative algorithm and works based on a nearest neighbor concept. APBG is then applied on the text representatives to fix the bounding box for multi-oriented text lines in the video frame. Directional information is used to eliminate false positives. Experimental results on a variety of datasets such as non-horizontal, horizontal, publicly available data (Hua’s data) and ICDAR-03 competition data (camera images) show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods proposed for video and the state of the art methods for scene text as well. |
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Springer US |
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1380-7501 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SDT2014 |
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2357 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Lluis Pere de las Heras; Oriol Ramos Terrades |


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Title |
Flowchart Recognition for Non-Textual Information Retrieval in Patent Search |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Information Retrieval |
Abbreviated Journal |
IR |
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17 |
Issue |
5-6 |
Pages |
545-562 |
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Flowchart recognition; Patent documents; Text/graphics separation; Raster-to-vector conversion; Symbol recognition |
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Abstract |
Relatively little research has been done on the topic of patent image retrieval and in general in most of the approaches the retrieval is performed in terms of a similarity measure between the query image and the images in the corpus. However, systems aimed at overcoming the semantic gap between the visual description of patent images and their conveyed concepts would be very helpful for patent professionals. In this paper we present a flowchart recognition method aimed at achieving a structured representation of flowchart images that can be further queried semantically. The proposed method was submitted to the CLEF-IP 2012 flowchart recognition task. We report the obtained results on this dataset. |
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1386-4564 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RHR2013 |
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2342 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; Josep Llados |

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Title |
A Performance Evaluation Protocol for Symbol Spotting Systems in Terms of Recognition and Location Indices |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
83-96 |
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Keywords |
Performance evaluation; Symbol Spotting; Graphics Recognition |
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Symbol spotting systems are intended to retrieve regions of interest from a document image database where the queried symbol is likely to be found. They shall have the ability to recognize and locate graphical symbols in a single step. In this paper, we present a set of measures to evaluate the performance of a symbol spotting system in terms of recognition abilities, location accuracy and scalability. We show that the proposed measures allow to determine the weaknesses and strengths of different methods. In particular we have tested a symbol spotting method based on a set of four different off-the-shelf shape descriptors. |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ RuL2009a |
Serial |
1166 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |

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Title |
Rotation Invariant Hand-Drawn Symbol Recognition based on a Dynamic Time Warping Model |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
229–241 |
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Abstract |
One of the major difficulties of handwriting symbol recognition is the high variability among symbols because of the different writer styles. In this paper, we introduce a robust approach for describing and recognizing hand-drawn symbols tolerant to these writer style differences. This method, which is invariant to scale and rotation, is based on the dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm. The symbols are described by vector sequences, a variation of the DTW distance is used for computing the matching distance, and K-Nearest Neighbor is used to classify them. Our approach has been evaluated in two benchmarking scenarios consisting of hand-drawn symbols. Compared with state-of-the-art methods for symbol recognition, our method shows higher tolerance to the irregular deformations induced by hand-drawn strokes. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; IF 2009: 1,213 |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ FLS2010a |
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1288 |
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Author |
Mathieu Nicolas Delalandre; Ernest Valveny; Tony Pridmore; Dimosthenis Karatzas |

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Title |
Generation of Synthetic Documents for Performance Evaluation of Symbol Recognition & Spotting Systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
187-207 |
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This paper deals with the topic of performance evaluation of symbol recognition & spotting systems. We propose here a new approach to the generation of synthetic graphics documents containing non-isolated symbols in a real context. This approach is based on the definition of a set of constraints that permit us to place the symbols on a pre-defined background according to the properties of a particular domain (architecture, electronics, engineering, etc.). In this way, we can obtain a large amount of images resembling real documents by simply defining the set of constraints and providing a few pre-defined backgrounds. As documents are synthetically generated, the groundtruth (the location and the label of every symbol) becomes automatically available. We have applied this approach to the generation of a large database of architectural drawings and electronic diagrams, which shows the flexibility of the system. Performance evaluation experiments of a symbol localization system show that our approach permits to generate documents with different features that are reflected in variation of localization results. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ DVP2010 |
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1289 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Xavier Otazu; Horst Bunke |

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Title |
A Combination of Features for Symbol-Independent Writer Identification in Old Music Scores |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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13 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
243-259 |
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The aim of writer identification is determining the writer of a piece of handwriting from a set of writers. In this paper, we present an architecture for writer identification in old handwritten music scores. Even though an important amount of music compositions contain handwritten text, the aim of our work is to use only music notation to determine the author. The main contribution is therefore the use of features extracted from graphical alphabets. Our proposal consists in combining the identification results of two different approaches, based on line and textural features. The steps of the ensemble architecture are the following. First of all, the music sheet is preprocessed for removing the staff lines. Then, music lines and texture images are generated for computing line features and textural features. Finally, the classification results are combined for identifying the writer. The proposed method has been tested on a database of old music scores from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, achieving a recognition rate of about 92% with 20 writers. |
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Springer-Verlag |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG; CAT;CIC |
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no |
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FLS2010b |
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1319 |
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Author |
Lluis Pere de las Heras; Ahmed Sheraz; Marcus Liwicki; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez |


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Title |
Statistical Segmentation and Structural Recognition for Floor Plan Interpretation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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17 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
221-237 |
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A generic method for floor plan analysis and interpretation is presented in this article. The method, which is mainly inspired by the way engineers draw and interpret floor plans, applies two recognition steps in a bottom-up manner. First, basic building blocks, i.e., walls, doors, and windows are detected using a statistical patch-based segmentation approach. Second, a graph is generated, and structural pattern recognition techniques are applied to further locate the main entities, i.e., rooms of the building. The proposed approach is able to analyze any type of floor plan regardless of the notation used. We have evaluated our method on different publicly available datasets of real architectural floor plans with different notations. The overall detection and recognition accuracy is about 95 %, which is significantly better than any other state-of-the-art method. Our approach is generic enough such that it could be easily adopted to the recognition and interpretation of any other printed machine-generated structured documents. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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1433-2833 |
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Notes |
DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077 |
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no |
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Call Number |
HSL2014 |
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2370 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta; Albert Gordo; Josep Llados |


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Title |
CVC-MUSCIMA: A Ground-Truth of Handwritten Music Score Images for Writer Identification and Staff Removal |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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15 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
243-251 |
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Keywords |
Music scores; Handwritten documents; Writer identification; Staff removal; Performance evaluation; Graphics recognition; Ground truths |
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Abstract |
0,405JCR
The analysis of music scores has been an active research field in the last decades. However, there are no publicly available databases of handwritten music scores for the research community. In this paper we present the CVC-MUSCIMA database and ground-truth of handwritten music score images. The dataset consists of 1,000 music sheets written by 50 different musicians. It has been especially designed for writer identification and staff removal tasks. In addition to the description of the dataset, ground-truth, partitioning and evaluation metrics, we also provide some base-line results for easing the comparison between different approaches. |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ FDG2012 |
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2129 |
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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados |


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Title |
Text line extraction in graphical documents using background and foreground |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
IJDAR |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
3 |
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227-241 |
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Abstract |
0,405 JCR
In graphical documents (e.g., maps, engineering drawings), artistic documents etc., the text lines are annotated in multiple orientations or curvilinear way to illustrate different locations or symbols. For the optical character recognition of such documents, individual text lines from the documents need to be extracted. In this paper, we propose a novel method to segment such text lines and the method is based on the foreground and background information of the text components. To effectively utilize the background information, a water reservoir concept is used here. In the proposed scheme, at first, individual components are detected and grouped into character clusters in a hierarchical way using size and positional information. Next, the clusters are extended in two extreme sides to determine potential candidate regions. Finally, with the help of these candidate regions,
individual lines are extracted. The experimental results are presented on different datasets of graphical documents, camera-based warped documents, noisy images containing seals, etc. The results demonstrate that our approach is robust and invariant to size and orientation of the text lines present in
the document. |
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1433-2833 |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ RPL2012b |
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2134 |
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