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Author |
Emanuel Indermühle; Volkmar Frinken; Horst Bunke |
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Title |
Mode Detection in Online Handwritten Documents using BLSTM Neural Networks |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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13th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition |
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302-307 |
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Mode detection in online handwritten documents refers to the process of distinguishing different types of contents, such as text, formulas, diagrams, or tables, one from another. In this paper a new approach to mode detection is proposed that uses bidirectional long-short term memory (BLSTM) neural networks. The BLSTM neural network is a novel type of recursive neural network that has been successfully applied in speech and handwriting recognition. In this paper we show that it has the potential to significantly outperform traditional methods for mode detection, which are usually based on stroke classification. As a further advantage over previous approaches, the proposed system is trainable and does not rely on user-defined heuristics. Moreover, it can be easily adapted to new or additional types of modes by just providing the system with new training data. |
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Bari, italy |
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978-1-4673-2262-1 |
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ICFHR |
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DAG |
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Admin @ si @ IFB2012 |
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2056 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; J. Chazalon; Jean-Marc Ogier |
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Title |
Combining Focus Measure Operators to Predict OCR Accuracy in Mobile-Captured Document Images |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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11th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis and Systems |
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181 - 185 |
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Mobile document image acquisition is a new trend raising serious issues in business document processing workflows. Such digitization procedure is unreliable, and integrates many distortions which must be detected as soon as possible, on the mobile, to avoid paying data transmission fees, and losing information due to the inability to re-capture later a document with temporary availability. In this context, out-of-focus blur is major issue: users have no direct control over it, and it seriously degrades OCR recognition. In this paper, we concentrate on the estimation of focus quality, to ensure a sufficient legibility of a document image for OCR processing. We propose two contributions to improve OCR accuracy prediction for mobile-captured document images. First, we present 24 focus measures, never tested on document images, which are fast to compute and require no training. Second, we show that a combination of those measures enables state-of-the art performance regarding the correlation with OCR accuracy. The resulting approach is fast, robust, and easy to implement in a mobile device. Experiments are performed on a public dataset, and precise details about image processing are given. |
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Tours; France; April 2014 |
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978-1-4799-3243-6 |
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DAS |
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DAG; 601.223; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ RCO2014a |
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2545 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; J. Chazalon; Jean-Marc Ogier |
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Title |
Normalisation et validation d'images de documents capturées en mobilité |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
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Colloque International Francophone sur l'Écrit et le Document |
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109-124 |
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mobile document image acquisition; perspective correction; illumination correction; quality assessment; focus measure; OCR accuracy prediction |
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Mobile document image acquisition integrates many distortions which must be corrected or detected on the device, before the document becomes unavailable or paying data transmission fees. In this paper, we propose a system to correct perspective and illumination issues, and estimate the sharpness of the image for OCR recognition. The correction step relies on fast and accurate border detection followed by illumination normalization. Its evaluation on a private dataset shows a clear improvement on OCR accuracy. The quality assessment
step relies on a combination of focus measures. Its evaluation on a public dataset shows that this simple method compares well to state of the art, learning-based methods which cannot be embedded on a mobile, and outperforms metric-based methods. |
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Nancy; France; March 2014 |
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CIFED |
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DAG; 601.223; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ RCO2014b |
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2546 |
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Author |
Miquel Ferrer; Ernest Valveny; F. Serratosa |
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Title |
Median graph: A new exact algorithm using a distance based on the maximum common subgraph |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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30 |
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5 |
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579–588 |
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Median graphs have been presented as a useful tool for capturing the essential information of a set of graphs. Nevertheless, computation of optimal solutions is a very hard problem. In this work we present a new and more efficient optimal algorithm for the median graph computation. With the use of a particular cost function that permits the definition of the graph edit distance in terms of the maximum common subgraph, and a prediction function in the backtracking algorithm, we reduce the size of the search space, avoiding the evaluation of a great amount of states and still obtaining the exact median. We present a set of experiments comparing our new algorithm against the previous existing exact algorithm using synthetic data. In addition, we present the first application of the exact median graph computation to real data and we compare the results against an approximate algorithm based on genetic search. These experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the previous existing exact algorithm and in addition show the potential applicability of the exact solutions to real problems. |
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Elsevier Science Inc. |
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0167-8655 |
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DAG |
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DAG @ dag @ FVS2009a |
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1114 |
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Author |
Raul Gomez; Lluis Gomez; Jaume Gibert; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Learning from# Barcelona Instagram data what Locals and Tourists post about its Neighbourhoods |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
15th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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11134 |
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530-544 |
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Massive tourism is becoming a big problem for some cities, such as Barcelona, due to its concentration in some neighborhoods. In this work we gather Instagram data related to Barcelona consisting on images-captions pairs and, using the text as a supervisory signal, we learn relations between images, words and neighborhoods. Our goal is to learn which visual elements appear in photos when people is posting about each neighborhood. We perform a language separate treatment of the data and show that it can be extrapolated to a tourists and locals separate analysis, and that tourism is reflected in Social Media at a neighborhood level. The presented pipeline allows analyzing the differences between the images that tourists and locals associate to the different neighborhoods. The proposed method, which can be extended to other cities or subjects, proves that Instagram data can be used to train multi-modal (image and text) machine learning models that are useful to analyze publications about a city at a neighborhood level. We publish the collected dataset, InstaBarcelona and the code used in the analysis. |
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Munich; Alemanya; September 2018 |
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ECCVW |
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DAG; 600.129; 601.338; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ GGG2018b |
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3176 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Alicia Fornes; O. Pujol; Petia Radeva; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Blurred Shape Model for Binary and Grey-level Symbol Recognition |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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30 |
Issue |
15 |
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1424–1433 |
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Many symbol recognition problems require the use of robust descriptors in order to obtain rich information of the data. However, the research of a good descriptor is still an open issue due to the high variability of symbols appearance. Rotation, partial occlusions, elastic deformations, intra-class and inter-class variations, or high variability among symbols due to different writing styles, are just a few problems. In this paper, we introduce a symbol shape description to deal with the changes in appearance that these types of symbols suffer. The shape of the symbol is aligned based on principal components to make the recognition invariant to rotation and reflection. Then, we present the Blurred Shape Model descriptor (BSM), where new features encode the probability of appearance of each pixel that outlines the symbols shape. Moreover, we include the new descriptor in a system to deal with multi-class symbol categorization problems. Adaboost is used to train the binary classifiers, learning the BSM features that better split symbol classes. Then, the binary problems are embedded in an Error-Correcting Output Codes framework (ECOC) to deal with the multi-class case. The methodology is evaluated on different synthetic and real data sets. State-of-the-art descriptors and classifiers are compared, showing the robustness and better performance of the present scheme to classify symbols with high variability of appearance. |
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HuPBA; DAG; MILAB |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ EFP2009a |
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1180 |
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Author |
Y. Patel; Lluis Gomez; Marçal Rusiñol; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Dynamic Lexicon Generation for Natural Scene Images |
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Conference Article |
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2016 |
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14th European Conference on Computer Vision Workshops |
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395-410 |
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scene text; photo OCR; scene understanding; lexicon generation; topic modeling; CNN |
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Many scene text understanding methods approach the endtoend recognition problem from a word-spotting perspective and take huge bene t from using small per-image lexicons. Such customized lexicons are normally assumed as given and their source is rarely discussed.
In this paper we propose a method that generates contextualized lexicons
for scene images using only visual information. For this, we exploit
the correlation between visual and textual information in a dataset consisting
of images and textual content associated with them. Using the topic modeling framework to discover a set of latent topics in such a dataset allows us to re-rank a xed dictionary in a way that prioritizes the words that are more likely to appear in a given image. Moreover, we train a CNN that is able to reproduce those word rankings but using only the image raw pixels as input. We demonstrate that the quality of the automatically obtained custom lexicons is superior to a generic frequency-based baseline. |
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Amsterdam; The Netherlands; October 2016 |
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ECCVW |
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DAG; 600.084 |
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Admin @ si @ PGR2016 |
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2825 |
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Author |
Juan Ignacio Toledo; Manuel Carbonell; Alicia Fornes; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Information Extraction from Historical Handwritten Document Images with a Context-aware Neural Model |
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2019 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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86 |
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27-36 |
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Document image analysis; Handwritten documents; Named entity recognition; Deep neural networks |
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Many historical manuscripts that hold trustworthy memories of the past societies contain information organized in a structured layout (e.g. census, birth or marriage records). The precious information stored in these documents cannot be effectively used nor accessed without costly annotation efforts. The transcription driven by the semantic categories of words is crucial for the subsequent access. In this paper we describe an approach to extract information from structured historical handwritten text images and build a knowledge representation for the extraction of meaning out of historical data. The method extracts information, such as named entities, without the need of an intermediate transcription step, thanks to the incorporation of context information through language models. Our system has two variants, the first one is based on bigrams, whereas the second one is based on recurrent neural networks. Concretely, our second architecture integrates a Convolutional Neural Network to model visual information from word images together with a Bidirecitonal Long Short Term Memory network to model the relation among the words. This integrated sequential approach is able to extract more information than just the semantic category (e.g. a semantic category can be associated to a person in a record). Our system is generic, it deals with out-of-vocabulary words by design, and it can be applied to structured handwritten texts from different domains. The method has been validated with the ICDAR IEHHR competition protocol, outperforming the existing approaches. |
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DAG; 600.097; 601.311; 603.057; 600.084; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ TCF2019 |
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3166 |
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Beata Megyesi; Bernhard Esslinger; Alicia Fornes; Nils Kopal; Benedek Lang; George Lasry; Karl de Leeuw; Eva Pettersson; Arno Wacker; Michelle Waldispuhl |
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Title |
Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Cryptologia |
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CRYPT |
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44 |
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6 |
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545-559 |
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automatic decryption; cipher collection; historical cryptology; image transcription |
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Many historians and linguists are working individually and in an uncoordinated fashion on the identification and decryption of historical ciphers. This is a time-consuming process as they often work without access to automatic methods and processes that can accelerate the decipherment. At the same time, computer scientists and cryptologists are developing algorithms to decrypt various cipher types without having access to a large number of original ciphertexts. In this paper, we describe the DECRYPT project aiming at the creation of resources and tools for historical cryptology by bringing the expertise of various disciplines together for collecting data, exchanging methods for faster progress to transcribe, decrypt and contextualize historical encrypted manuscripts. We present our goals and work-in progress of a general approach for analyzing historical encrypted manuscripts using standardized methods and a new set of state-of-the-art tools. We release the data and tools as open-source hoping that all mentioned disciplines would benefit and contribute to the research infrastructure of historical cryptology. |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ MEF2020 |
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3347 |
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Anjan Dutta; Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Umapada Pal |
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Product graph-based higher order contextual similarities for inexact subgraph matching |
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2018 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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76 |
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596-611 |
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Many algorithms formulate graph matching as an optimization of an objective function of pairwise quantification of nodes and edges of two graphs to be matched. Pairwise measurements usually consider local attributes but disregard contextual information involved in graph structures. We address this issue by proposing contextual similarities between pairs of nodes. This is done by considering the tensor product graph (TPG) of two graphs to be matched, where each node is an ordered pair of nodes of the operand graphs. Contextual similarities between a pair of nodes are computed by accumulating weighted walks (normalized pairwise similarities) terminating at the corresponding paired node in TPG. Once the contextual similarities are obtained, we formulate subgraph matching as a node and edge selection problem in TPG. We use contextual similarities to construct an objective function and optimize it with a linear programming approach. Since random walk formulation through TPG takes into account higher order information, it is not a surprise that we obtain more reliable similarities and better discrimination among the nodes and edges. Experimental results shown on synthetic as well as real benchmarks illustrate that higher order contextual similarities increase discriminating power and allow one to find approximate solutions to the subgraph matching problem. |
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DAG; 602.167; 600.097; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ DLB2018 |
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3083 |
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