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Alejandro Gonzalez Alzate; Zhijie Fang; Yainuvis Socarras; Joan Serrat; David Vazquez; Jiaolong Xu; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Pedestrian Detection at Day/Night Time with Visible and FIR Cameras: A Comparison |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
SENS |
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16 |
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6 |
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820 |
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Keywords |
Pedestrian Detection; FIR |
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Despite all the significant advances in pedestrian detection brought by computer vision for driving assistance, it is still a challenging problem. One reason is the extremely varying lighting conditions under which such a detector should operate, namely day and night time. Recent research has shown that the combination of visible and non-visible imaging modalities may increase detection accuracy, where the infrared spectrum plays a critical role. The goal of this paper is to assess the accuracy gain of different pedestrian models (holistic, part-based, patch-based) when training with images in the far infrared spectrum. Specifically, we want to compare detection accuracy on test images recorded at day and nighttime if trained (and tested) using (a) plain color images, (b) just infrared images and (c) both of them. In order to obtain results for the last item we propose an early fusion approach to combine features from both modalities. We base the evaluation on a new dataset we have built for this purpose as well as on the publicly available KAIST multispectral dataset. |
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1424-8220 |
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ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; 600.082; 601.281 |
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ADAS @ adas @ GFS2016 |
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2754 |
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Author |
Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Angel Sappa; Cristhian Aguilera; Ricardo Toledo |
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Title |
Cross-Spectral Local Descriptors via Quadruplet Network |
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2017 |
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Sensors |
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SENS |
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17 |
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4 |
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873 |
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This paper presents a novel CNN-based architecture, referred to as Q-Net, to learn local feature descriptors that are useful for matching image patches from two different spectral bands. Given correctly matched and non-matching cross-spectral image pairs, a quadruplet network is trained to map input image patches to a common Euclidean space, regardless of the input spectral band. Our approach is inspired by the recent success of triplet networks in the visible spectrum, but adapted for cross-spectral scenarios, where, for each matching pair, there are always two possible non-matching patches: one for each spectrum. Experimental evaluations on a public cross-spectral VIS-NIR dataset shows that the proposed approach improves the state-of-the-art. Moreover, the proposed technique can also be used in mono-spectral settings, obtaining a similar performance to triplet network descriptors, but requiring less training data. |
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ADAS; 600.086; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ ASA2017 |
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2914 |
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Adrien Gaidon; Antonio Lopez; Florent Perronnin |
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Title |
The Reasonable Effectiveness of Synthetic Visual Data |
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2018 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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126 |
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9 |
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899–901 |
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ADAS; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ GLP2018 |
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3180 |
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Fadi Dornaika; Jose Manuel Alvarez; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
A New Framework for Stereo Sensor Pose through Road Segmentation and Registration |
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2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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TITS |
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12 |
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4 |
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954-966 |
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Keywords |
road detection |
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This paper proposes a new framework for real-time estimation of the onboard stereo head's position and orientation relative to the road surface, which is required for any advanced driver-assistance application. This framework can be used with all road types: highways, urban, etc. Unlike existing works that rely on feature extraction in either the image domain or 3-D space, we propose a framework that directly estimates the unknown parameters from the stream of stereo pairs' brightness. The proposed approach consists of two stages that are invoked for every stereo frame. The first stage segments the road region in one monocular view. The second stage estimates the camera pose using a featureless registration between the segmented monocular road region and the other view in the stereo pair. This paper has two main contributions. The first contribution combines a road segmentation algorithm with a registration technique to estimate the online stereo camera pose. The second contribution solves the registration using a featureless method, which is carried out using two different optimization techniques: 1) the differential evolution algorithm and 2) the Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. We provide experiments and evaluations of performance. The results presented show the validity of our proposed framework. |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ DAS2011; ADAS @ adas @ das2011a |
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1833 |
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Jose Manuel Alvarez; Antonio Lopez; Theo Gevers; Felipe Lumbreras |
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Title |
Combining Priors, Appearance and Context for Road Detection |
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2014 |
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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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TITS |
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15 |
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3 |
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1168-1178 |
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Illuminant invariance; lane markings; road detection; road prior; road scene understanding; vanishing point; 3-D scene layout |
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Detecting the free road surface ahead of a moving vehicle is an important research topic in different areas of computer vision, such as autonomous driving or car collision warning.
Current vision-based road detection methods are usually based solely on low-level features. Furthermore, they generally assume structured roads, road homogeneity, and uniform lighting conditions, constraining their applicability in real-world scenarios. In this paper, road priors and contextual information are introduced for road detection. First, we propose an algorithm to estimate road priors online using geographical information, providing relevant initial information about the road location. Then, contextual cues, including horizon lines, vanishing points, lane markings, 3-D scene layout, and road geometry, are used in addition to low-level cues derived from the appearance of roads. Finally, a generative model is used to combine these cues and priors, leading to a road detection method that is, to a large degree, robust to varying imaging conditions, road types, and scenarios. |
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IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS; 600.076;ISE |
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Admin @ si @ ALG2014 |
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2501 |
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T. Mouats; N. Aouf; Angel Sappa; Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Ricardo Toledo |
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Title |
Multi-Spectral Stereo Odometry |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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TITS |
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16 |
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3 |
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1210-1224 |
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Egomotion estimation; feature matching; multispectral odometry (MO); optical flow; stereo odometry; thermal imagery |
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In this paper, we investigate the problem of visual odometry for ground vehicles based on the simultaneous utilization of multispectral cameras. It encompasses a stereo rig composed of an optical (visible) and thermal sensors. The novelty resides in the localization of the cameras as a stereo setup rather
than two monocular cameras of different spectrums. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such task is attempted. Log-Gabor wavelets at different orientations and scales are used to extract interest points from both images. These are then described using a combination of frequency and spatial information within the local neighborhood. Matches between the pairs of multimodal images are computed using the cosine similarity function based
on the descriptors. Pyramidal Lucas–Kanade tracker is also introduced to tackle temporal feature matching within challenging sequences of the data sets. The vehicle egomotion is computed from the triangulated 3-D points corresponding to the matched features. A windowed version of bundle adjustment incorporating
Gauss–Newton optimization is utilized for motion estimation. An outlier removal scheme is also included within the framework to deal with outliers. Multispectral data sets were generated and used as test bed. They correspond to real outdoor scenarios captured using our multimodal setup. Finally, detailed results validating the proposed strategy are illustrated. |
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1524-9050 |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 |
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Admin @ si @ MAS2015a |
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2533 |
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David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez; Angel Sappa; Thorsten Graf |
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Title |
Survey on Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems |
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2010 |
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IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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32 |
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7 |
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1239–1258 |
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ADAS, pedestrian detection, on-board vision, survey |
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Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one-after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges. |
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0162-8828 |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ GLS2010 |
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1340 |
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Author |
Ferran Diego; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Joint spatio-temporal alignment of sequences |
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2013 |
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IEEE Transactions on Multimedia |
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TMM |
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15 |
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6 |
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1377-1387 |
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video alignment |
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Video alignment is important in different areas of computer vision such as wide baseline matching, action recognition, change detection, video copy detection and frame dropping prevention. Current video alignment methods usually deal with a relatively simple case of fixed or rigidly attached cameras or simultaneous acquisition. Therefore, in this paper we propose a joint video alignment for bringing two video sequences into a spatio-temporal alignment. Specifically, the novelty of the paper is to formulate the video alignment to fold the spatial and temporal alignment into a single alignment framework. This simultaneously satisfies a frame-correspondence and frame-alignment similarity; exploiting the knowledge among neighbor frames by a standard pairwise Markov random field (MRF). This new formulation is able to handle the alignment of sequences recorded at different times by independent moving cameras that follows a similar trajectory, and also generalizes the particular cases that of fixed geometric transformation and/or linear temporal mapping. We conduct experiments on different scenarios such as sequences recorded simultaneously or by moving cameras to validate the robustness of the proposed approach. The proposed method provides the highest video alignment accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods on sequences recorded from vehicles driving along the same track at different times. |
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1520-9210 |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ DSL2013; ADAS @ adas @ |
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2228 |
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Fadi Dornaika; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
A Featureless and Stochastic Approach to On-board Stereo Vision System Pose |
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2009 |
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Image and Vision Computing |
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IMAVIS |
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27 |
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9 |
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1382–1393 |
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On-board stereo vision system; Pose estimation; Featureless approach; Particle filtering; Image warping |
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This paper presents a direct and stochastic technique for real-time estimation of on-board stereo head’s position and orientation. Unlike existing works which rely on feature extraction either in the image domain or in 3D space, our proposed approach directly estimates the unknown parameters from the stream of stereo pairs’ brightness. The pose parameters are tracked using the particle filtering framework which implicitly enforces the smoothness constraints on the estimated parameters. The proposed technique can be used with a driver assistance applications as well as with augmented reality applications. Extended experiments on urban environments with different road geometries are presented. Comparisons with a 3D data-based approach are presented. Moreover, we provide a performance study aiming at evaluating the accuracy of the proposed approach. |
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ADAS @ adas @ DoS2009b |
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1152 |
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Cesar de Souza; Adrien Gaidon; Yohann Cabon; Naila Murray; Antonio Lopez |
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Generating Human Action Videos by Coupling 3D Game Engines and Probabilistic Graphical Models |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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128 |
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1505–1536 |
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Procedural generation; Human action recognition; Synthetic data; Physics |
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Deep video action recognition models have been highly successful in recent years but require large quantities of manually-annotated data, which are expensive and laborious to obtain. In this work, we investigate the generation of synthetic training data for video action recognition, as synthetic data have been successfully used to supervise models for a variety of other computer vision tasks. We propose an interpretable parametric generative model of human action videos that relies on procedural generation, physics models and other components of modern game engines. With this model we generate a diverse, realistic, and physically plausible dataset of human action videos, called PHAV for “Procedural Human Action Videos”. PHAV contains a total of 39,982 videos, with more than 1000 examples for each of 35 action categories. Our video generation approach is not limited to existing motion capture sequences: 14 of these 35 categories are procedurally-defined synthetic actions. In addition, each video is represented with 6 different data modalities, including RGB, optical flow and pixel-level semantic labels. These modalities are generated almost simultaneously using the Multiple Render Targets feature of modern GPUs. In order to leverage PHAV, we introduce a deep multi-task (i.e. that considers action classes from multiple datasets) representation learning architecture that is able to simultaneously learn from synthetic and real video datasets, even when their action categories differ. Our experiments on the UCF-101 and HMDB-51 benchmarks suggest that combining our large set of synthetic videos with small real-world datasets can boost recognition performance. Our approach also significantly outperforms video representations produced by fine-tuning state-of-the-art unsupervised generative models of videos. |
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ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ SGC2019 |
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3303 |
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