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Carme Julia; Angel Sappa; Felipe Lumbreras; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Rank Estimation in 3D Multibody Motion Segmentation |
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2008 |
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Electronic Letters |
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44 |
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4 |
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279-280 |
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A novel technique for rank estimation in 3D multibody motion segmentation is proposed. It is based on the study of the frequency spectra of moving rigid objects and does not use or assume a prior knowledge of the objects contained in the scene (i.e. number of objects and motion). The significance of rank estimation on multibody motion segmentation results is shown by using two motion segmentation algorithms over both synthetic and real data. |
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ADAS @ adas @ JSL2008a |
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939 |
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Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Meritxell Joanpere; Nuria Gorgorio; Lluis Albarracin |
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Title |
Mathematics learning opportunities when playing a Tower Defense Game |
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2015 |
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International Journal of Serious Games |
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IJSG |
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2 |
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4 |
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57-71 |
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Tower Defense game; learning opportunities; mathematics; problem solving; game design |
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A qualitative research study is presented herein with the purpose of identifying mathematics learning opportunities in students between 10 and 12 years old while playing a commercial version of a Tower Defense game. These learning opportunities are understood as mathematicisable moments of the game and involve the establishment of relationships between the game and mathematical problem solving. Based on the analysis of these mathematicisable moments, we conclude that the game can promote problem-solving processes and learning opportunities that can be associated with different mathematical contents that appears in mathematics curricula, thought it seems that teacher or new game elements might be needed to facilitate the processes. |
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ADAS; 600.076;IAM |
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Admin @ si @ HJG2015 |
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2730 |
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Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Jiaolong Xu; Muhammad Anwer Rao; Joost Van de Weijer; Andrew Bagdanov; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Recognizing Actions through Action-specific Person Detection |
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2015 |
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
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TIP |
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24 |
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11 |
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4422-4432 |
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Action recognition in still images is a challenging problem in computer vision. To facilitate comparative evaluation independently of person detection, the standard evaluation protocol for action recognition uses an oracle person detector to obtain perfect bounding box information at both training and test time. The assumption is that, in practice, a general person detector will provide candidate bounding boxes for action recognition. In this paper, we argue that this paradigm is suboptimal and that action class labels should already be considered during the detection stage. Motivated by the observation that body pose is strongly conditioned on action class, we show that: 1) the existing state-of-the-art generic person detectors are not adequate for proposing candidate bounding boxes for action classification; 2) due to limited training examples, the direct training of action-specific person detectors is also inadequate; and 3) using only a small number of labeled action examples, the transfer learning is able to adapt an existing detector to propose higher quality bounding boxes for subsequent action classification. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to investigate transfer learning for the task of action-specific person detection in still images. We perform extensive experiments on two benchmark data sets: 1) Stanford-40 and 2) PASCAL VOC 2012. For the action detection task (i.e., both person localization and classification of the action performed), our approach outperforms methods based on general person detection by 5.7% mean average precision (MAP) on Stanford-40 and 2.1% MAP on PASCAL VOC 2012. Our approach also significantly outperforms the state of the art with a MAP of 45.4% on Stanford-40 and 31.4% on PASCAL VOC 2012. We also evaluate our action detection approach for the task of action classification (i.e., recognizing actions without localizing them). For this task, our approach, without using any ground-truth person localization at test tim- , outperforms on both data sets state-of-the-art methods, which do use person locations. |
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1057-7149 |
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ADAS; LAMP; 600.076; 600.079;CIC |
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Admin @ si @ KXR2015 |
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2668 |
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Author |
David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez; Angel Sappa; Thorsten Graf |
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Title |
Survey on Pedestrian Detection for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems |
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2010 |
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IEEE Transaction on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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32 |
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7 |
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1239–1258 |
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ADAS, pedestrian detection, on-board vision, survey |
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Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), and particularly pedestrian protection systems (PPSs), have become an active research area aimed at improving traffic safety. The major challenge of PPSs is the development of reliable on-board pedestrian detection systems. Due to the varying appearance of pedestrians (e.g., different clothes, changing size, aspect ratio, and dynamic shape) and the unstructured environment, it is very difficult to cope with the demanded robustness of this kind of system. Two problems arising in this research area are the lack of public benchmarks and the difficulty in reproducing many of the proposed methods, which makes it difficult to compare the approaches. As a result, surveying the literature by enumerating the proposals one-after-another is not the most useful way to provide a comparative point of view. Accordingly, we present a more convenient strategy to survey the different approaches. We divide the problem of detecting pedestrians from images into different processing steps, each with attached responsibilities. Then, the different proposed methods are analyzed and classified with respect to each processing stage, favoring a comparative viewpoint. Finally, discussion of the important topics is presented, putting special emphasis on the future needs and challenges. |
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0162-8828 |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ GLS2010 |
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1340 |
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Author |
Angel Sappa; David Geronimo; Fadi Dornaika; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
On-board camera extrinsic parameter estimation |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication |
Electronics Letters |
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EL |
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42 |
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13 |
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745–746 |
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An efficient technique for real-time estimation of camera extrinsic parameters is presented. It is intended to be used on on-board vision systems for driving assistance applications. The proposed technique is based on the use of a commercial stereo vision system that does not need any visual feature extraction. |
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IEE |
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ADAS @ adas @ SGD2006a |
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655 |
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Author |
Zhijie Fang; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Intention Recognition of Pedestrians and Cyclists by 2D Pose Estimation |
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2019 |
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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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TITS |
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21 |
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11 |
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4773 - 4783 |
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Anticipating the intentions of vulnerable road users (VRUs) such as pedestrians and cyclists is critical for performing safe and comfortable driving maneuvers. This is the case for human driving and, thus, should be taken into account by systems providing any level of driving assistance, from advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) to fully autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we show how the latest advances on monocular vision-based human pose estimation, i.e. those relying on deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), enable to recognize the intentions of such VRUs. In the case of cyclists, we assume that they follow traffic rules to indicate future maneuvers with arm signals. In the case of pedestrians, no indications can be assumed. Instead, we hypothesize that the walking pattern of a pedestrian allows to determine if he/she has the intention of crossing the road in the path of the ego-vehicle, so that the ego-vehicle must maneuver accordingly (e.g. slowing down or stopping). In this paper, we show how the same methodology can be used for recognizing pedestrians and cyclists' intentions. For pedestrians, we perform experiments on the JAAD dataset. For cyclists, we did not found an analogous dataset, thus, we created our own one by acquiring and annotating videos which we share with the research community. Overall, the proposed pipeline provides new state-of-the-art results on the intention recognition of VRUs. |
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ADAS; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ FaL2019 |
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3305 |
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Author |
Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa; P. Dias; A. Moreira |
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Title |
Incremental texture mapping for autonomous driving |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Robotics and Autonomous Systems |
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RAS |
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84 |
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113-128 |
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Scene reconstruction; Autonomous driving; Texture mapping |
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Autonomous vehicles have a large number of on-board sensors, not only for providing coverage all around the vehicle, but also to ensure multi-modality in the observation of the scene. Because of this, it is not trivial to come up with a single, unique representation that feeds from the data given by all these sensors. We propose an algorithm which is capable of mapping texture collected from vision based sensors onto a geometric description of the scenario constructed from data provided by 3D sensors. The algorithm uses a constrained Delaunay triangulation to produce a mesh which is updated using a specially devised sequence of operations. These enforce a partial configuration of the mesh that avoids bad quality textures and ensures that there are no gaps in the texture. Results show that this algorithm is capable of producing fine quality textures. |
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ADAS; 600.086 |
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Admin @ si @ OSS2016b |
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2912 |
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Zhijie Fang; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez |
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On-Board Detection of Pedestrian Intentions |
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2017 |
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Sensors |
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SENS |
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17 |
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10 |
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2193 |
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pedestrian intention; ADAS; self-driving |
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Avoiding vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes is a critical requirement for nowadays advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) and future self-driving vehicles. Accordingly, detecting pedestrians from raw sensor data has a history of more than 15 years of research, with vision playing a central role.
During the last years, deep learning has boosted the accuracy of image-based pedestrian detectors.
However, detection is just the first step towards answering the core question, namely is the vehicle going to crash with a pedestrian provided preventive actions are not taken? Therefore, knowing as soon as possible if a detected pedestrian has the intention of crossing the road ahead of the vehicle is
essential for performing safe and comfortable maneuvers that prevent a crash. However, compared to pedestrian detection, there is relatively little literature on detecting pedestrian intentions. This paper aims to contribute along this line by presenting a new vision-based approach which analyzes the
pose of a pedestrian along several frames to determine if he or she is going to enter the road or not. We present experiments showing 750 ms of anticipation for pedestrians crossing the road, which at a typical urban driving speed of 50 km/h can provide 15 additional meters (compared to a pure pedestrian detector) for vehicle automatic reactions or to warn the driver. Moreover, in contrast with state-of-the-art methods, our approach is monocular, neither requiring stereo nor optical flow information. |
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ADAS; 600.085; 600.076; 601.223; 600.116; 600.118 |
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Admin @ si @ FVL2017 |
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2983 |
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Arnau Ramisa; Alex Goldhoorn; David Aldavert; Ricardo Toledo; Ramon Lopez de Mantaras |
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Combining Invariant Features and the ALV Homing Method for Autonomous Robot Navigation Based on Panoramas |
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2011 |
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Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems |
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JIRC |
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64 |
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3-4 |
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625-649 |
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Biologically inspired homing methods, such as the Average Landmark Vector, are an interesting solution for local navigation due to its simplicity. However, usually they require a modification of the environment by placing artificial landmarks in order to work reliably. In this paper we combine the Average Landmark Vector with invariant feature points automatically detected in panoramic images to overcome this limitation. The proposed approach has been evaluated first in simulation and, as promising results are found, also in two data sets of panoramas from real world environments. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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0921-0296 |
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RV;ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ RGA2011 |
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1728 |
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Jose Manuel Alvarez; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Road Detection Based on Illuminant Invariance |
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2011 |
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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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TITS |
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12 |
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1 |
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184-193 |
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road detection |
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By using an onboard camera, it is possible to detect the free road surface ahead of the ego-vehicle. Road detection is of high relevance for autonomous driving, road departure warning, and supporting driver-assistance systems such as vehicle and pedestrian detection. The key for vision-based road detection is the ability to classify image pixels as belonging or not to the road surface. Identifying road pixels is a major challenge due to the intraclass variability caused by lighting conditions. A particularly difficult scenario appears when the road surface has both shadowed and nonshadowed areas. Accordingly, we propose a novel approach to vision-based road detection that is robust to shadows. The novelty of our approach relies on using a shadow-invariant feature space combined with a model-based classifier. The model is built online to improve the adaptability of the algorithm to the current lighting and the presence of other vehicles in the scene. The proposed algorithm works in still images and does not depend on either road shape or temporal restrictions. Quantitative and qualitative experiments on real-world road sequences with heavy traffic and shadows show that the method is robust to shadows and lighting variations. Moreover, the proposed method provides the highest performance when compared with hue-saturation-intensity (HSI)-based algorithms. |
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ADAS @ adas @ AlL2011 |
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1456 |
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