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Author Yi Xiao; Felipe Codevilla; Diego Porres; Antonio Lopez edit  url
openurl 
  Title Scaling Vision-Based End-to-End Autonomous Driving with Multi-View Attention Learning Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2023 Publication International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract On end-to-end driving, human driving demonstrations are used to train perception-based driving models by imitation learning. This process is supervised on vehicle signals (e.g., steering angle, acceleration) but does not require extra costly supervision (human labeling of sensor data). As a representative of such vision-based end-to-end driving models, CILRS is commonly used as a baseline to compare with new driving models. So far, some latest models achieve better performance than CILRS by using expensive sensor suites and/or by using large amounts of human-labeled data for training. Given the difference in performance, one may think that it is not worth pursuing vision-based pure end-to-end driving. However, we argue that this approach still has great value and potential considering cost and maintenance. In this paper, we present CIL++, which improves on CILRS by both processing higher-resolution images using a human-inspired HFOV as an inductive bias and incorporating a proper attention mechanism. CIL++ achieves competitive performance compared to models which are more costly to develop. We propose to replace CILRS with CIL++ as a strong vision-based pure end-to-end driving baseline supervised by only vehicle signals and trained by conditional imitation learning.  
  Address Detroit; USA; October 2023  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference IROS  
  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ XCP2023 Serial 3930  
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Author Diego Porres edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title Discriminator Synthesis: On reusing the other half of Generative Adversarial Networks Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2021 Publication Machine Learning for Creativity and Design, Neurips Workshop Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Generative Adversarial Networks have long since revolutionized the world of computer vision and, tied to it, the world of art. Arduous efforts have gone into fully utilizing and stabilizing training so that outputs of the Generator network have the highest possible fidelity, but little has gone into using the Discriminator after training is complete. In this work, we propose to use the latter and show a way to use the features it has learned from the training dataset to both alter an image and generate one from scratch. We name this method Discriminator Dreaming, and the full code can be found at this https URL.  
  Address Virtual; December 2021  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference NEURIPSW  
  Notes ADAS; 601.365 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Por2021 Serial 3597  
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Author Idoia Ruiz; Lorenzo Porzi; Samuel Rota Bulo; Peter Kontschieder; Joan Serrat edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Weakly Supervised Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2021 Publication IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 125-133  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We introduce the problem of weakly supervised MultiObject Tracking and Segmentation, i.e. joint weakly supervised instance segmentation and multi-object tracking, in which we do not provide any kind of mask annotation.
To address it, we design a novel synergistic training strategy by taking advantage of multi-task learning, i.e. classification and tracking tasks guide the training of the unsupervised instance segmentation. For that purpose, we extract weak foreground localization information, provided by
Grad-CAM heatmaps, to generate a partial ground truth to learn from. Additionally, RGB image level information is employed to refine the mask prediction at the edges of the
objects. We evaluate our method on KITTI MOTS, the most representative benchmark for this task, reducing the performance gap on the MOTSP metric between the fully supervised and weakly supervised approach to just 12% and 12.7 % for cars and pedestrians, respectively.
 
  Address Virtual; January 2021  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference WACVW  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118; 600.124 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RPR2021 Serial 3548  
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Author Lorenzo Porzi; Markus Hofinger; Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat; Samuel Rota Bulo; Peter Kontschieder edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Learning Multi-Object Tracking and Segmentation from Automatic Annotations Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2020 Publication 33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 6845-6854  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this work we contribute a novel pipeline to automatically generate training data, and to improve over state-of-the-art multi-object tracking and segmentation (MOTS) methods. Our proposed track mining algorithm turns raw street-level videos into high-fidelity MOTS training data, is scalable and overcomes the need of expensive and time-consuming manual annotation approaches. We leverage state-of-the-art instance segmentation results in combination with optical flow predictions, also trained on automatically harvested training data. Our second major contribution is MOTSNet – a deep learning, tracking-by-detection architecture for MOTS – deploying a novel mask-pooling layer for improved object association over time. Training MOTSNet with our automatically extracted data leads to significantly improved sMOTSA scores on the novel KITTI MOTS dataset (+1.9%/+7.5% on cars/pedestrians), and MOTSNet improves by +4.1% over previously best methods on the MOTSChallenge dataset. Our most impressive finding is that we can improve over previous best-performing works, even in complete absence of manually annotated MOTS training data.  
  Address virtual; June 2020  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CVPR  
  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PHR2020 Serial 3402  
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Author Yi Xiao; Felipe Codevilla; Christopher Pal; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Action-Based Representation Learning for Autonomous Driving Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Conference on Robot Learning Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Human drivers produce a vast amount of data which could, in principle, be used to improve autonomous driving systems. Unfortunately, seemingly straightforward approaches for creating end-to-end driving models that map sensor data directly into driving actions are problematic in terms of interpretability, and typically have significant difficulty dealing with spurious correlations. Alternatively, we propose to use this kind of action-based driving data for learning representations. Our experiments show that an affordance-based driving model pre-trained with this approach can leverage a relatively small amount of weakly annotated imagery and outperform pure end-to-end driving models, while being more interpretable. Further, we demonstrate how this strategy outperforms previous methods based on learning inverse dynamics models as well as other methods based on heavy human supervision (ImageNet).  
  Address virtual; November 2020  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CORL  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ XCP2020 Serial 3487  
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Author Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Rank-based ordinal classification Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2020 Publication 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 8069-8076  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Differently from the regular classification task, in ordinal classification there is an order in the classes. As a consequence not all classification errors matter the same: a predicted class close to the groundtruth one is better than predicting a farther away class. To account for this, most previous works employ loss functions based on the absolute difference between the predicted and groundtruth class labels. We argue that there are many cases in ordinal classification where label values are arbitrary (for instance 1. . . C, being C the number of classes) and thus such loss functions may not be the best choice. We instead propose a network architecture that produces not a single class prediction but an ordered vector, or ranking, of all the possible classes from most to least likely. This is thanks to a loss function that compares groundtruth and predicted rankings of these class labels, not the labels themselves. Another advantage of this new formulation is that we can enforce consistency in the predictions, namely, predicted rankings come from some unimodal vector of scores with mode at the groundtruth class. We compare with the state of the art ordinal classification methods, showing
that ours attains equal or better performance, as measured by common ordinal classification metrics, on three benchmark datasets. Furthermore, it is also suitable for a new task on image aesthetics assessment, i.e. most voted score prediction. Finally, we also apply it to building damage assessment from satellite images, providing an analysis of its performance depending on the degree of imbalance of the dataset.
 
  Address Virtual; January 2021  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118; 600.124 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RuS2020 Serial 3549  
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Author Jiaolong Xu; Peng Wang; Heng Yang; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Training a Binary Weight Object Detector by Knowledge Transfer for Autonomous Driving Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 2379-2384  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Autonomous driving has harsh requirements of small model size and energy efficiency, in order to enable the embedded system to achieve real-time on-board object detection. Recent deep convolutional neural network based object detectors have achieved state-of-the-art accuracy. However, such models are trained with numerous parameters and their high computational costs and large storage prohibit the deployment to memory and computation resource limited systems. Low-precision neural networks are popular techniques for reducing the computation requirements and memory footprint. Among them, binary weight neural network (BWN) is the extreme case which quantizes the float-point into just bit. BWNs are difficult to train and suffer from accuracy deprecation due to the extreme low-bit representation. To address this problem, we propose a knowledge transfer (KT) method to aid the training of BWN using a full-precision teacher network. We built DarkNet-and MobileNet-based binary weight YOLO-v2 detectors and conduct experiments on KITTI benchmark for car, pedestrian and cyclist detection. The experimental results show that the proposed method maintains high detection accuracy while reducing the model size of DarkNet-YOLO from 257 MB to 8.8 MB and MobileNet-YOLO from 193 MB to 7.9 MB.  
  Address Montreal; Canada; May 2019  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICRA  
  Notes ADAS; 600.124; 600.116; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ XWY2018 Serial 3182  
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Author Chris Bahnsen; David Vazquez; Antonio Lopez; Thomas B. Moeslund edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Learning to Remove Rain in Traffic Surveillance by Using Synthetic Data Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication 14th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 123-130  
  Keywords Rain Removal; Traffic Surveillance; Image Denoising  
  Abstract Rainfall is a problem in automated traffic surveillance. Rain streaks occlude the road users and degrade the overall visibility which in turn decrease object detection performance. One way of alleviating this is by artificially removing the rain from the images. This requires knowledge of corresponding rainy and rain-free images. Such images are often produced by overlaying synthetic rain on top of rain-free images. However, this method fails to incorporate the fact that rain fall in the entire three-dimensional volume of the scene. To overcome this, we introduce training data from the SYNTHIA virtual world that models rain streaks in the entirety of a scene. We train a conditional Generative Adversarial Network for rain removal and apply it on traffic surveillance images from SYNTHIA and the AAU RainSnow datasets. To measure the applicability of the rain-removed images in a traffic surveillance context, we run the YOLOv2 object detection algorithm on the original and rain-removed frames. The results on SYNTHIA show an 8% increase in detection accuracy compared to the original rain image. Interestingly, we find that high PSNR or SSIM scores do not imply good object detection performance.  
  Address Praga; Czech Republic; February 2019  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference VISIGRAPP  
  Notes ADAS; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ BVL2019 Serial 3256  
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Author Javad Zolfaghari Bengar; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Gabriel Villalonga; Bogdan Raducanu; Hamed H. Aghdam; Mikhail Mozerov; Antonio Lopez; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Temporal Coherence for Active Learning in Videos Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 914-923  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Autonomous driving systems require huge amounts of data to train. Manual annotation of this data is time-consuming and prohibitively expensive since it involves human resources. Therefore, active learning emerged as an alternative to ease this effort and to make data annotation more manageable. In this paper, we introduce a novel active learning approach for object detection in videos by exploiting temporal coherence. Our active learning criterion is based on the estimated number of errors in terms of false positives and false negatives. The detections obtained by the object detector are used to define the nodes of a graph and tracked forward and backward to temporally link the nodes. Minimizing an energy function defined on this graphical model provides estimates of both false positives and false negatives. Additionally, we introduce a synthetic video dataset, called SYNTHIA-AL, specially designed to evaluate active learning for video object detection in road scenes. Finally, we show that our approach outperforms active learning baselines tested on two datasets.  
  Address Seul; Corea; October 2019  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICCVW  
  Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.124; 602.200; 600.118; 600.120; 600.141 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ZGV2019 Serial 3294  
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Author Hamed H. Aghdam; Abel Gonzalez-Garcia; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Active Learning for Deep Detection Neural Networks Type Conference Article
  Year (down) 2019 Publication 18th IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 3672-3680  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The cost of drawing object bounding boxes (ie labeling) for millions of images is prohibitively high. For instance, labeling pedestrians in a regular urban image could take 35 seconds on average. Active learning aims to reduce the cost of labeling by selecting only those images that are informative to improve the detection network accuracy. In this paper, we propose a method to perform active learning of object detectors based on convolutional neural networks. We propose a new image-level scoring process to rank unlabeled images for their automatic selection, which clearly outperforms classical scores. The proposed method can be applied to videos and sets of still images. In the former case, temporal selection rules can complement our scoring process. As a relevant use case, we extensively study the performance of our method on the task of pedestrian detection. Overall, the experiments show that the proposed method performs better than random selection.  
  Address Seul; Korea; October 2019  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICCV  
  Notes ADAS; LAMP; 600.124; 600.109; 600.141; 600.120; 600.118 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AGW2019 Serial 3321  
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