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| Author | Eduard Vazquez; Ramon Baldrich; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell |
 
 
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| Title | Describing Reflectances for Colour Segmentation Robust to Shadows, Highlights and Textures | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI | |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 917-930 | |
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| Abstract | The segmentation of a single material reflectance is a challenging problem due to the considerable variation in image measurements caused by the geometry of the object, shadows, and specularities. The combination of these effects has been modeled by the dichromatic reflection model. However, the application of the model to real-world images is limited due to unknown acquisition parameters and compression artifacts. In this paper, we present a robust model for the shape of a single material reflectance in histogram space. The method is based on a multilocal creaseness analysis of the histogram which results in a set of ridges representing the material reflectances. The segmentation method derived from these ridges is robust to both shadow, shading and specularities, and texture in real-world images. We further complete the method by incorporating prior knowledge from image statistics, and incorporate spatial coherence by using multiscale color contrast information. Results obtained show that our method clearly outperforms state-of-the-art segmentation methods on a widely used segmentation benchmark, having as a main characteristic its excellent performance in the presence of shadows and highlights at low computational cost. | |||||
| Address | Los Alamitos; CA; USA; | |||||
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| Publisher | IEEE Computer Society | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ VBW2011 | Serial | 1715 | |||
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| Author | C. Alejandro Parraga; Olivier Penacchio; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Retinal Filtering Matches Natural Image Statistics at Low Luminance Levels | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | PER | |
| Volume | 40 | Issue | Pages | 96 | ||
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| Abstract | The assumption that the retina’s main objective is to provide a minimum entropy representation to higher visual areas (ie efficient coding principle) allows to predict retinal filtering in space–time and colour (Atick, 1992 Network 3 213–251). This is achieved by considering the power spectra of natural images (which is proportional to 1/f2) and the suppression of retinal and image noise. However, most studies consider images within a limited range of lighting conditions (eg near noon) whereas the visual system’s spatial filtering depends on light intensity and the spatiochromatic properties of natural scenes depend of the time of the day. Here, we explore whether the dependence of visual spatial filtering on luminance match the changes in power spectrum of natural scenes at different times of the day. Using human cone-activation based naturalistic stimuli (from the Barcelona Calibrated Images Database), we show that for a range of luminance levels, the shape of the retinal CSF reflects the slope of the power spectrum at low spatial frequencies. Accordingly, the retina implements the filtering which best decorrelates the input signal at every luminance level. This result is in line with the body of work that places efficient coding as a guiding neural principle. | |||||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ PPV2011 | Serial | 1720 | |||
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| Author | C. Alejandro Parraga; Jordi Roca; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Do Basic Colors Influence Chromatic Adaptation? | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 85 | |
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| Abstract | Color constancy (the ability to perceive colors relatively stable under different illuminants) is the result of several mechanisms spread across different neural levels and responding to several visual scene cues. It is usually measured by estimating the perceived color of a grey patch under an illuminant change. In this work, we hypothesize whether chromatic adaptation (without a reference white or grey) could be driven by certain colors, specifically those corresponding to the universal color terms proposed by Berlin and Kay (1969). To this end we have developed a new psychophysical paradigm in which subjects adjust the color of a test patch (in CIELab space) to match their memory of the best example of a given color chosen from the universal terms list (grey, red, green, blue, yellow, purple, pink, orange and brown). The test patch is embedded inside a Mondrian image and presented on a calibrated CRT screen inside a dark cabin. All subjects were trained to “recall” their most exemplary colors reliably from memory and asked to always produce the same basic colors when required under several adaptation conditions. These include achromatic and colored Mondrian backgrounds, under a simulated D65 illuminant and several colored illuminants. A set of basic colors were measured for each subject under neutral conditions (achromatic background and D65 illuminant) and used as “reference” for the rest of the experiment. The colors adjusted by the subjects in each adaptation condition were compared to the reference colors under the corresponding illuminant and a “constancy index” was obtained for each of them. Our results show that for some colors the constancy index was better than for grey. The set of best adapted colors in each condition were common to a majority of subjects and were dependent on the chromaticity of the illuminant and the chromatic background considered. | |||||
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| ISSN | 1534-7362 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ PRV2011 | Serial | 1759 | |||
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| Author | Susana Alvarez; Anna Salvatella; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu |
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| Title | Low-dimensional and Comprehensive Color Texture Description | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Computer Vision and Image Understanding | Abbreviated Journal | CVIU | |
| Volume | 116 | Issue | I | Pages | 54-67 | |
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| Abstract | Image retrieval can be dealt by combining standard descriptors, such as those of MPEG-7, which are defined independently for each visual cue (e.g. SCD or CLD for Color, HTD for texture or EHD for edges).
A common problem is to combine similarities coming from descriptors representing different concepts in different spaces. In this paper we propose a color texture description that bypasses this problem from its inherent definition. It is based on a low dimensional space with 6 perceptual axes. Texture is described in a 3D space derived from a direct implementation of the original Julesz’s Texton theory and color is described in a 3D perceptual space. This early fusion through the blob concept in these two bounded spaces avoids the problem and allows us to derive a sparse color-texture descriptor that achieves similar performance compared to MPEG-7 in image retrieval. Moreover, our descriptor presents comprehensive qualities since it can also be applied either in segmentation or browsing: (a) a dense image representation is defined from the descriptor showing a reasonable performance in locating texture patterns included in complex images; and (b) a vocabulary of basic terms is derived to build an intermediate level descriptor in natural language improving browsing by bridging semantic gap |
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| ISSN | 1077-3142 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CAT;CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ ASV2012 | Serial | 1827 | |||
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| Author | Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Modulating Shape Features by Color Attention for Object Recognition | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal of Computer Vision | Abbreviated Journal | IJCV | |
| Volume | 98 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 49-64 | |
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| Abstract | Bag-of-words based image representation is a successful approach for object recognition. Generally, the subsequent stages of the process: feature detection,feature description, vocabulary construction and image representation are performed independent of the intentioned object classes to be detected. In such a framework, it was found that the combination of different image cues, such as shape and color, often obtains below expected results. This paper presents a novel method for recognizing object categories when using ultiple cues by separately processing the shape and color cues and combining them by modulating the shape features by category specific color attention. Color is used to compute bottom up and top-down attention maps. Subsequently, these color attention maps are used to modulate the weights of the shape features. In regions with higher attention shape features are given more weight than in regions with low attention. We compare our approach with existing methods that combine color and shape cues on five data sets containing varied importance of both cues, namely, Soccer (color predominance), Flower (color and hape parity), PASCAL VOC 2007 and 2009 (shape predominance) and Caltech-101 (color co-interference). The experiments clearly demonstrate that in all five data sets our proposed framework significantly outperforms existing methods for combining color and shape information. | |||||
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| Publisher | Springer Netherlands | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| ISSN | 0920-5691 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ KWV2012 | Serial | 1864 | |||
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| Author | Jordi Roca; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Chromatic settings and the structural color constancy index | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | JV | |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 4-3 | Pages | 1-26 | |
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| Abstract | Color constancy is usually measured by achromatic setting, asymmetric matching, or color naming paradigms, whose results are interpreted in terms of indexes and models that arguably do not capture the full complexity of the phenomenon. Here we propose a new paradigm, chromatic setting, which allows a more comprehensive characterization of color constancy through the measurement of multiple points in color space under immersive adaptation. We demonstrated its feasibility by assessing the consistency of subjects' responses over time. The paradigm was applied to two-dimensional (2-D) Mondrian stimuli under three different illuminants, and the results were used to fit a set of linear color constancy models. The use of multiple colors improved the precision of more complex linear models compared to the popular diagonal model computed from gray. Our results show that a diagonal plus translation matrix that models mechanisms other than cone gain might be best suited to explain the phenomenon. Additionally, we calculated a number of color constancy indices for several points in color space, and our results suggest that interrelations among colors are not as uniform as previously believed. To account for this variability, we developed a new structural color constancy index that takes into account the magnitude and orientation of the chromatic shift in addition to the interrelations among colors and memory effects. | |||||
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| Notes | CIC; 600.052; 600.051; 605.203 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RPV2013 | Serial | 2288 | |||
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| Author | Naila Murray; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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| Title | Low-level SpatioChromatic Grouping for Saliency Estimation | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence | Abbreviated Journal | TPAMI | |
| Volume | 35 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 2810-2816 | |
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| Abstract | We propose a saliency model termed SIM (saliency by induction mechanisms), which is based on a low-level spatiochromatic model that has successfully predicted chromatic induction phenomena. In so doing, we hypothesize that the low-level visual mechanisms that enhance or suppress image detail are also responsible for making some image regions more salient. Moreover, SIM adds geometrical grouplets to enhance complex low-level features such as corners, and suppress relatively simpler features such as edges. Since our model has been fitted on psychophysical chromatic induction data, it is largely nonparametric. SIM outperforms state-of-the-art methods in predicting eye fixations on two datasets and using two metrics. | |||||
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| ISSN | 0162-8828 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC; 600.051; 600.052; 605.203 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ MVO2013 | Serial | 2289 | |||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; J. Kevin O'Regan; Maria Vanrell; Graham D. Finlayson |
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| Title | A new spectrally sharpened basis to predict colour naming, unique hues, and hue cancellation | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of Vision | Abbreviated Journal | VSS | |
| Volume | 12 | Issue | 6 (7) | Pages | 1-14 | |
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| Abstract | When light is reflected off a surface, there is a linear relation between the three human photoreceptor responses to the incoming light and the three photoreceptor responses to the reflected light. Different colored surfaces have different linear relations. Recently, Philipona and O'Regan (2006) showed that when this relation is singular in a mathematical sense, then the surface is perceived as having a highly nameable color. Furthermore, white light reflected by that surface is perceived as corresponding precisely to one of the four psychophysically measured unique hues. However, Philipona and O'Regan's approach seems unrelated to classical psychophysical models of color constancy. In this paper we make this link. We begin by transforming cone sensors to spectrally sharpened counterparts. In sharp color space, illumination change can be modeled by simple von Kries type scalings of response values within each of the spectrally sharpened response channels. In this space, Philipona and O'Regan's linear relation is captured by a simple Land-type color designator defined by dividing reflected light by incident light. This link between Philipona and O'Regan's theory and Land's notion of color designator gives the model biological plausibility. We then show that Philipona and O'Regan's singular surfaces are surfaces which are very close to activating only one or only two of such newly defined spectrally sharpened sensors, instead of the usual three. Closeness to zero is quantified in a new simplified measure of singularity which is also shown to relate to the chromaticness of colors. As in Philipona and O'Regan's original work, our new theory accounts for a large variety of psychophysical color data. | |||||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ VOV2012 | Serial | 1998 | |||
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| Author | Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell; Ramon Baldrich; Francesc Tous |
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| Title | Color Constancy by Category Correlation | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Image Processing | Abbreviated Journal | TIP | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1997-2007 | |
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| Abstract | Finding color representations which are stable to illuminant changes is still an open problem in computer vision. Until now most approaches have been based on physical constraints or statistical assumptions derived from the scene, while very little attention has been paid to the effects that selected illuminants have
on the final color image representation. The novelty of this work is to propose perceptual constraints that are computed on the corrected images. We define the category hypothesis, which weights the set of feasible illuminants according to their ability to map the corrected image onto specific colors. Here we choose these colors as the universal color categories related to basic linguistic terms which have been psychophysically measured. These color categories encode natural color statistics, and their relevance across different cultures is indicated by the fact that they have received a common color name. From this category hypothesis we propose a fast implementation that allows the sampling of a large set of illuminants. Experiments prove that our method rivals current state-of-art performance without the need for training algorithmic parameters. Additionally, the method can be used as a framework to insert top-down information from other sources, thus opening further research directions in solving for color constancy. |
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| ISSN | 1057-7149 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ VVB2012 | Serial | 1999 | |||
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| Author | Graham D. Finlayson; Javier Vazquez; Sabine Süsstrunk; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Spectral sharpening by spherical sampling | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of the Optical Society of America A | Abbreviated Journal | JOSA A | |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 1199-1210 | |
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| Abstract | There are many works in color that assume illumination change can be modeled by multiplying sensor responses by individual scaling factors. The early research in this area is sometimes grouped under the heading “von Kries adaptation”: the scaling factors are applied to the cone responses. In more recent studies, both in psychophysics and in computational analysis, it has been proposed that scaling factors should be applied to linear combinations of the cones that have narrower support: they should be applied to the so-called “sharp sensors.” In this paper, we generalize the computational approach to spectral sharpening in three important ways. First, we introduce spherical sampling as a tool that allows us to enumerate in a principled way all linear combinations of the cones. This allows us to, second, find the optimal sharp sensors that minimize a variety of error measures including CIE Delta E (previous work on spectral sharpening minimized RMS) and color ratio stability. Lastly, we extend the spherical sampling paradigm to the multispectral case. Here the objective is to model the interaction of light and surface in terms of color signal spectra. Spherical sampling is shown to improve on the state of the art. | |||||
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| ISSN | 1084-7529 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ FVS2012 | Serial | 2000 | |||
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| Author | Joost Van de Weijer; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell; Cordelia Schmid; Ramon Baldrich; Jacob Verbeek; Diane Larlus |
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| Title | Color Naming | Type | Book Chapter | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Color in Computer Vision: Fundamentals and Applications | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | 17 | Pages | 287-317 | ||
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| Publisher | John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | Place of Publication | Editor | Theo Gevers;Arjan Gijsenij;Joost Van de Weijer;Jan-Mark Geusebroek | ||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ WBV2012 | Serial | 2063 | |||
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| Author | A.Gonzalez; Robert Benavente; Olivier Penacchio; Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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| Title | Coloresia: An Interactive Colour Perception Device for the Visually Impaired | Type | Book Chapter | |||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Multimodal Interaction in Image and Video Applications | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 47-66 | ||
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| Abstract | A significative percentage of the human population suffer from impairments in their capacity to distinguish or even see colours. For them, everyday tasks like navigating through a train or metro network map becomes demanding. We present a novel technique for extracting colour information from everyday natural stimuli and presenting it to visually impaired users as pleasant, non-invasive sound. This technique was implemented inside a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) portable device. In this implementation, colour information is extracted from the input image and categorised according to how human observers segment the colour space. This information is subsequently converted into sound and sent to the user via speakers or headphones. In the original implementation, it is possible for the user to send its feedback to reconfigure the system, however several features such as these were not implemented because the current technology is limited.We are confident that the full implementation will be possible in the near future as PDA technology improves. | |||||
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| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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| ISSN | 1868-4394 | ISBN | 978-3-642-35931-6 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | CIC; 600.052; 605.203 | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ GBP2013 | Serial | 2266 | |||
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| Author | Susana Alvarez; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Texton theory revisited: a bag-of-words approach to combine textons | Type | Journal Article | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Pattern Recognition | Abbreviated Journal | PR | |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 4312-4325 | |
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| Abstract | The aim of this paper is to revisit an old theory of texture perception and
update its computational implementation by extending it to colour. With this in mind we try to capture the optimality of perceptual systems. This is achieved in the proposed approach by sharing well-known early stages of the visual processes and extracting low-dimensional features that perfectly encode adequate properties for a large variety of textures without needing further learning stages. We propose several descriptors in a bag-of-words framework that are derived from different quantisation models on to the feature spaces. Our perceptual features are directly given by the shape and colour attributes of image blobs, which are the textons. In this way we avoid learning visual words and directly build the vocabularies on these lowdimensionaltexton spaces. Main differences between proposed descriptors rely on how co-occurrence of blob attributes is represented in the vocabularies. Our approach overcomes current state-of-art in colour texture description which is proved in several experiments on large texture datasets. |
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| ISSN | 0031-3203 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ AlV2012a | Serial | 2130 | |||
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| Author | Jordi Roca; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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| Title | Predicting categorical colour perception in successive colour constancy | Type | Abstract | |||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Perception | Abbreviated Journal | PER | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | Pages | 138 | ||
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| Abstract | Colour constancy is a perceptual mechanism that seeks to keep the colour of objects relatively stable under an illumination shift. Experiments haveshown that its effects depend on the number of colours present in the scene. We
studied categorical colour changes under different adaptation states, in particular, whether the colour categories seen under a chromatically neutral illuminant are the same after a shift in the chromaticity of the illumination. To do this, we developed the chromatic setting paradigm (2011 Journal of Vision11 349), which is as an extension of achromatic setting to colour categories. The paradigm exploits the ability of subjects to reliably reproduce the most representative examples of each category, adjusting multiple test patches embedded in a coloured Mondrian. Our experiments were run on a CRT monitor (inside a dark room) under various simulated illuminants and restricting the number of colours of the Mondrian background to three, thus weakening the adaptation effect. Our results show a change in the colour categories present before (under neutral illumination) and after adaptation (under coloured illuminants) with a tendency for adapted colours to be less saturated than before adaptation. This behaviour was predicted by a simple affine matrix model, adjusted to the chromatic setting results. |
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| ISSN | 0301-0066 | ISBN | Medium | |||
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| Notes | CIC | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ si @ RPV2012 | Serial | 2188 | |||
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