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Author Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Enric Marti edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Using cyclic string matching to find rotational and reflectional symmetric shapes Type Conference Article
  Year 1996 Publication Intelligent Robots: Sensing, Modeling and Planning (Dagstuhl Workshop) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 164-179  
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  Publisher World Scientific Place of Publication Saarbrucken (Germany). Editor R.C. Bolles, H.B.H.N.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title (up)  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LBM1996 Serial 1564  
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Author Josep Llados; Horst Bunke; Enric Marti edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Structural Recognition of hand drawn floor plans Type Conference Article
  Year 1996 Publication VI National Symposium on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords Rotational Symmetry; Reflectional Symmetry; String Matching.  
  Abstract A system to recognize hand drawn architectural drawings in a CAD environment has been deve- loped. In this paper we focus on its high level interpretation module. To interpret a floor plan, the system must identify several building elements, whose description is stored in a library of pat- terns, as well as their spatial relationships. We propose a structural approach based on subgraph isomorphism techniques to obtain a high-level interpretation of the document. The vectorized input document and the patterns to be recognized are represented by attributed graphs. Discrete relaxation techniques (AC4 algorithm) have been applied to develop the matching algorithm. The process has been divided in three steps: node labeling, local consistency and global consistency verification. The hand drawn creation causes disturbed line drawings with several accuracy errors, which must be taken into account. Here we have identified them and the AC4 algorithm has been adapted to manage them.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Cordoba Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LIM1995 Serial 1565  
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Author Josep Llados; Jaime Lopez-Krahe; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A system to understand hand-drawn floor plans using subgraph isomorphism and Hough transform Type Book Chapter
  Year 1997 Publication Machine Vision and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 150-158  
  Keywords Line drawings – Hough transform – Graph matching – CAD systems – Graphics recognition  
  Abstract Presently, man-machine interface development is a widespread research activity. A system to understand hand drawn architectural drawings in a CAD environment is presented in this paper. To understand a document, we have to identify its building elements and their structural properties. An attributed graph structure is chosen as a symbolic representation of the input document and the patterns to recognize in it. An inexact subgraph isomorphism procedure using relaxation labeling techniques is performed. In this paper we focus on how to speed up the matching. There is a building element, the walls, characterized by a hatching pattern. Using a straight line Hough transform (SLHT)-based method, we recognize this pattern, characterized by parallel straight lines, and remove from the input graph the edges belonging to this pattern. The isomorphism is then applied to the remainder of the input graph. When all the building elements have been recognized, the document is redrawn, correcting the inaccurate strokes obtained from a hand-drawn input.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LLM1997a Serial 1566  
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Author Josep Llados; Jaime Lopez-Krahe; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti edit  openurl
  Title Interprétation de cartes et plans par mise en correspondance de graphes de attributs Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication 12 Congrès Francophone AFRIF–AFIA Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue Pages 225-234  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference RFIA  
  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LLS2000 Serial 1567  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit  openurl
  Title A graph-edit algorithm for hand-drawn graphical document recognition and their automatic introduction into CAD systems Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Machine Graphics & Vision Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 195-211  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LIM1999 Serial 1568  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit  openurl
  Title Graph-edit algorithms for hand-drawn graphical document recognition and their automatic introduction Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Machine Graphics & Vision journal, special issue on Graph transformation Abbreviated Journal  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG;IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LIM1999c Serial 1569  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti edit  openurl
  Title Playing with error-tolerant subgraph isomorphism in line drawings Type Conference Article
  Year 1997 Publication VII National Symposium on Pattern Recognition and image Analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LlM1997 Serial 1570  
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Author Josep Llados; Enric Marti; Jordi Regincos edit  openurl
  Title Interpretación de diseños a mano alzada como técnica de entrada a un sistema CAD en un ámbito de arquitectura Type Conference Article
  Year 1993 Publication III National Conference on Computer Graphics (CEIG'93) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1 Issue Pages 33-46  
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  Abstract En los últimos años, se ha introducido ámpliamente el uso de los sistemas CAD en dominios relacionados con la arquitectura. Dichos sistemas CAD son muy útiles para el arquitecto en el diseño de planos de plantas de edificios. Sin embargo, la utilización eficiente de un CAD requiere un tiempo de aprendizaje, en especial, en la etapa de creación y edición del diseño. Además, una vez familiarizado con un CAD, el arquitecto debe adaptarse a la simbología que éste le permite que, en algunos casos puede ser poco flexible.Con esta motivación, se propone una técnica alternativa de entrada de documentos en sistemas CAD. Dicha técnica se basa en el diseño del plano sobre papel mediante un dibujo lineal hecho a mano alzada a modo de boceto e introducido mediante scanner. Una vez interpretado este dibujo inicial e introducido en el CAD, el arquitecto sólo deber hacer sobre éste los retoques finales del documento.El sistema de entrada propuesto se compone de dos módulos principales: En primer lugar, la extracción de características (puntos característicos, rectas y arcos) de la imagen obtenida mediante scanner. En dicho módulo se aplican principalmente técnicas de procesamiento de imágenes obteniendo como resultado una representaci¢n del dibujo de entrada basada en grafos de atributos. El objetivo del segundo módulo es el de encontrar y reconocer las entidades integrantes del documento (puertas, mesas, etc.) en base a una biblioteca de símbolos definida en el sistema CAD. La implementación de dicho módulo se basa en técnicas de isomorfismo de grafos.El sistema propone una alternativa que permita, mediante el diseño a mano alzada, la introducción de la informaci¢n m s significativa del plano de forma rápida, sencilla y estandarizada por parte del usuario.  
  Address  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Granada Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title (up)  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference CEIG  
  Notes DAG;IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LMR1993 Serial 1571  
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Author Josep Llados; Ernest Valveny; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti edit   pdf
url  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title Symbol recognition: current advances and perspectives Type Book Chapter
  Year 2002 Publication Graphics Recognition Algorithms And Applications Abbreviated Journal LNCS  
  Volume 2390 Issue Pages 104-128  
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  Abstract The recognition of symbols in graphic documents is an intensive research activity in the community of pattern recognition and document analysis. A key issue in the interpretation of maps, engineering drawings, diagrams, etc. is the recognition of domain dependent symbols according to a symbol database. In this work we first review the most outstanding symbol recognition methods from two different points of view: application domains and pattern recognition methods. In the second part of the paper, open and unaddressed problems involved in symbol recognition are described, analyzing their current state of art and discussing future research challenges. Thus, issues such as symbol representation, matching, segmentation, learning, scalability of recognition methods and performance evaluation are addressed in this work. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of symbol recognition concerning to new paradigms such as user interfaces in handheld computers or document database and WWW indexing by graphical content.  
  Address London, UK  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor Dorothea Blostein and Young- Bin Kwon  
  Language Summary Language Original Title (up)  
  Series Editor Series Title Lecture Notes in Computer Science Abbreviated Series Title LNCS  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 3-540-44066-6 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference GREC  
  Notes DAG; IAM; Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ LVS2002 Serial 1572  
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Author Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; Enric Marti edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title A string based method to recognize symbols and structural textures in architectural plans Type Book Chapter
  Year 1998 Publication Graphics Recognition Algorithms and Systems Second International Workshop, GREC' 97 Nancy, France, August 22–23, 1997 Selected Papers Abbreviated Journal LNCS  
  Volume 1389 Issue 1998 Pages 91-103  
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  Abstract This paper deals with the recognition of symbols and structural textures in architectural plans using string matching techniques. A plan is represented by an attributed graph whose nodes represent characteristic points and whose edges represent segments. Symbols and textures can be seen as a set of regions, i.e. closed loops in the graph, with a particular arrangement. The search for a symbol involves a graph matching between the regions of a model graph and the regions of the graph representing the document. Discriminating a texture means a clustering of neighbouring regions of this graph. Both procedures involve a similarity measure between graph regions. A string codification is used to represent the sequence of outlining edges of a region. Thus, the similarity between two regions is defined in terms of the string edit distance between their boundary strings. The use of string matching allows the recognition method to work also under presence of distortion.  
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  Publisher Springer Link Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title (up)  
  Series Editor Series Title LNCS Abbreviated Series Title  
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  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; IAM Approved no  
  Call Number IAM @ iam @ SLE1998 Serial 1573  
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