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Author Francisco Javier Orozco; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Real-Time Gaze Tracking with Appearance-Based Models Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Machine Vision Applications Abbreviated Journal MVAP  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 6 Pages 353-364  
  Keywords Keywords Eyelid and iris tracking, Appearance models, Blinking, Iris saccade, Real-time gaze tracking  
  Abstract Psychological evidence has emphasized the importance of eye gaze analysis in human computer interaction and emotion interpretation. To this end, current image analysis algorithms take into consideration eye-lid and iris motion detection using colour information and edge detectors. However, eye movement is fast and and hence difficult to use to obtain a precise and robust tracking. Instead, our
method proposed to describe eyelid and iris movements as continuous variables using appearance-based tracking. This approach combines the strengths of adaptive appearance models, optimization methods and backtracking techniques.Thus,
in the proposed method textures are learned on-line from near frontal images and illumination changes, occlusions and fast movements are managed. The method achieves real-time performance by combining two appearance-based trackers to a
backtracking algorithm for eyelid estimation and another for iris estimation. These contributions represent a significant advance towards a reliable gaze motion description for HCI and expression analysis, where the strength of complementary
methodologies are combined to avoid using high quality images, colour information, texture training, camera settings and other time-consuming processes.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number ISE @ ise @ ORG2008 Serial 972  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Pau Baiget; Carles Fernandez; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Generation of Augmented Video Sequences Combining Behavioral Animation and Multi Object Tracking Type Journal Article
  Year 2009 Publication Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 4 Pages 473–489  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this paper we present a novel approach to generate augmented video sequences in real-time, involving interactions between virtual and real agents in real scenarios. On the one hand, real agent motion is estimated by means of a multi-object tracking algorithm, which determines real objects' position over the scenario for each time step. On the other hand, virtual agents are provided with behavior models considering their interaction with the environment and with other agents. The resulting framework allows to generate video sequences involving behavior-based virtual agents that react to real agent behavior and has applications in education, simulation, and in the game and movie industries. We show the performance of the proposed approach in an indoor and outdoor scenario simulating human and vehicle agents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We present a novel approach to generate augmented video sequences in real-time, involving interactions between virtual and real agents in real scenarios. On the one hand, real agent motion is estimated by means of a multi-object tracking algorithm, which determines real objects' position over the scenario for each time step. On the other hand, virtual agents are provided with behavior models considering their interaction with the environment and with other agents. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number ISE @ ise @ BFR2009 Serial 1170  
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Author Muhammad Muzzamil Luqman; Thierry Brouard; Jean-Yves Ramel; Josep Llados edit  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title A Content Spotting System For Line Drawing Graphic Document Images Type Conference Article
  Year 2010 Publication 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue Pages 3420–3423  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We present a content spotting system for line drawing graphic document images. The proposed system is sufficiently domain independent and takes the keyword based information retrieval for graphic documents, one step forward, to Query By Example (QBE) and focused retrieval. During offline learning mode: we vectorize the documents in the repository, represent them by attributed relational graphs, extract regions of interest (ROIs) from them, convert each ROI to a fuzzy structural signature, cluster similar signatures to form ROI classes and build an index for the repository. During online querying mode: a Bayesian network classifier recognizes the ROIs in the query image and the corresponding documents are fetched by looking up in the repository index. Experimental results are presented for synthetic images of architectural and electronic documents.  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1051-4651 ISBN 978-1-4244-7542-1 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference ICPR  
  Notes DAG Approved no  
  Call Number DAG @ dag @ LBR2010b Serial 1460  
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Author Ferran Diego; Daniel Ponsa; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Video Alignment for Change Detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 7 Pages 1858-1869  
  Keywords video alignment  
  Abstract In this work, we address the problem of aligning two video sequences. Such alignment refers to synchronization, i.e., the establishment of temporal correspondence between frames of the first and second video, followed by spatial registration of all the temporally corresponding frames. Video synchronization and alignment have been attempted before, but most often in the relatively simple cases of fixed or rigidly attached cameras and simultaneous acquisition. In addition, restrictive assumptions have been applied, including linear time correspondence or the knowledge of the complete trajectories of corresponding scene points; to some extent, these assumptions limit the practical applicability of any solutions developed. We intend to solve the more general problem of aligning video sequences recorded by independently moving cameras that follow similar trajectories, based only on the fusion of image intensity and GPS information. The novelty of our approach is to pose the synchronization as a MAP inference problem on a Bayesian network including the observations from these two sensor types, which have been proved complementary. Alignment results are presented in the context of videos recorded from vehicles driving along the same track at different times, for different road types. In addition, we explore two applications of the proposed video alignment method, both based on change detection between aligned videos. One is the detection of vehicles, which could be of use in ADAS. The other is online difference spotting videos of surveillance rounds.  
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  Notes ADAS; IF Approved no  
  Call Number DPS 2011; ADAS @ adas @ dps2011 Serial 1705  
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Author Ariel Amato; Mikhail Mozerov; Andrew Bagdanov; Jordi Gonzalez edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Accurate Moving Cast Shadow Suppression Based on Local Color Constancy detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 10 Pages 2954 - 2966  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This paper describes a novel framework for detection and suppression of properly shadowed regions for most possible scenarios occurring in real video sequences. Our approach requires no prior knowledge about the scene, nor is it restricted to specific scene structures. Furthermore, the technique can detect both achromatic and chromatic shadows even in the presence of camouflage that occurs when foreground regions are very similar in color to shadowed regions. The method exploits local color constancy properties due to reflectance suppression over shadowed regions. To detect shadowed regions in a scene, the values of the background image are divided by values of the current frame in the RGB color space. We show how this luminance ratio can be used to identify segments with low gradient constancy, which in turn distinguish shadows from foreground. Experimental results on a collection of publicly available datasets illustrate the superior performance of our method compared with the most sophisticated, state-of-the-art shadow detection algorithms. These results show that our approach is robust and accurate over a broad range of shadow types and challenging video conditions.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AMB2011 Serial 1716  
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Author Arjan Gijsenij; Theo Gevers; Joost Van de Weijer edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Computational Color Constancy: Survey and Experiments Type Journal Article
  Year 2011 Publication IEEE Transactions on Image Processing Abbreviated Journal TIP  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 9 Pages 2475-2489  
  Keywords computational color constancy;computer vision application;gamut-based method;learning-based method;static method;colour vision;computer vision;image colour analysis;learning (artificial intelligence);lighting  
  Abstract Computational color constancy is a fundamental prerequisite for many computer vision applications. This paper presents a survey of many recent developments and state-of-the- art methods. Several criteria are proposed that are used to assess the approaches. A taxonomy of existing algorithms is proposed and methods are separated in three groups: static methods, gamut-based methods and learning-based methods. Further, the experimental setup is discussed including an overview of publicly available data sets. Finally, various freely available methods, of which some are considered to be state-of-the-art, are evaluated on two data sets.  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1057-7149 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE;CIC Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GGW2011 Serial 1717  
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Author Razieh Rastgoo; Kourosh Kiani; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Multi-Modal Deep Hand Sign Language Recognition in Still Images Using Restricted Boltzmann Machine Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Entropy Abbreviated Journal ENTROPY  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 11 Pages 809  
  Keywords hand sign language; deep learning; restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM); multi-modal; profoundly deaf; noisy image  
  Abstract In this paper, a deep learning approach, Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), is used to perform automatic hand sign language recognition from visual data. We evaluate how RBM, as a deep generative model, is capable of generating the distribution of the input data for an enhanced recognition of unseen data. Two modalities, RGB and Depth, are considered in the model input in three forms: original image, cropped image, and noisy cropped image. Five crops of the input image are used and the hand of these cropped images are detected using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). After that, three types of the detected hand images are generated for each modality and input to RBMs. The outputs of the RBMs for two modalities are fused in another RBM in order to recognize the output sign label of the input image. The proposed multi-modal model is trained on all and part of the American alphabet and digits of four publicly available datasets. We also evaluate the robustness of the proposal against noise. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-modal model, using crops and the RBM fusing methodology, achieves state-of-the-art results on Massey University Gesture Dataset 2012, American Sign Language (ASL). and Fingerspelling Dataset from the University of Surrey’s Center for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, NYU, and ASL Fingerspelling A datasets.  
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  Notes HUPBA; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ RKE2018 Serial 3198  
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Author Eduardo Aguilar; Beatriz Remeseiro; Marc Bolaños; Petia Radeva edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Grab, Pay, and Eat: Semantic Food Detection for Smart Restaurants Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication IEEE Transactions on Multimedia Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 12 Pages 3266 - 3275  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The increase in awareness of people towards their nutritional habits has drawn considerable attention to the field of automatic food analysis. Focusing on self-service restaurants environment, automatic food analysis is not only useful for extracting nutritional information from foods selected by customers, it is also of high interest to speed up the service solving the bottleneck produced at the cashiers in times of high demand. In this paper, we address the problem of automatic food tray analysis in canteens and restaurants environment, which consists in predicting multiple foods placed on a tray image. We propose a new approach for food analysis based on convolutional neural networks, we name Semantic Food Detection, which integrates in the same framework food localization, recognition and segmentation. We demonstrate that our method improves the state of the art food detection by a considerable margin on the public dataset UNIMIB2016 achieving about 90% in terms of F-measure, and thus provides a significant technological advance towards the automatic billing in restaurant environments.  
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  Notes MILAB; no proj Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ARB2018 Serial 3236  
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Author Gabriel Villalonga; Joost Van de Weijer; Antonio Lopez edit  url
doi  openurl
  Title Recognizing new classes with synthetic data in the loop: application to traffic sign recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 3 Pages 583  
  Keywords  
  Abstract On-board vision systems may need to increase the number of classes that can be recognized in a relatively short period. For instance, a traffic sign recognition system may suddenly be required to recognize new signs. Since collecting and annotating samples of such new classes may need more time than we wish, especially for uncommon signs, we propose a method to generate these samples by combining synthetic images and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) technology. In particular, the GAN is trained on synthetic and real-world samples from known classes to perform synthetic-to-real domain adaptation, but applied to synthetic samples of the new classes. Using the Tsinghua dataset with a synthetic counterpart, SYNTHIA-TS, we have run an extensive set of experiments. The results show that the proposed method is indeed effective, provided that we use a proper Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform the traffic sign recognition (classification) task as well as a proper GAN to transform the synthetic images. Here, a ResNet101-based classifier and domain adaptation based on CycleGAN performed extremely well for a ratio∼ 1/4 for new/known classes; even for more challenging ratios such as∼ 4/1, the results are also very positive.  
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  Notes LAMP; ADAS; 600.118; 600.120 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ VWL2020 Serial 3405  
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Author Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; Cristhian Aguilera; Cristobal A. Navarro; Angel Sappa edit   pdf
url  doi
openurl 
  Title Fast CNN Stereo Depth Estimation through Embedded GPU Devices Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 11 Pages 3249  
  Keywords stereo matching; deep learning; embedded GPU  
  Abstract Current CNN-based stereo depth estimation models can barely run under real-time constraints on embedded graphic processing unit (GPU) devices. Moreover, state-of-the-art evaluations usually do not consider model optimization techniques, being that it is unknown what is the current potential on embedded GPU devices. In this work, we evaluate two state-of-the-art models on three different embedded GPU devices, with and without optimization methods, presenting performance results that illustrate the actual capabilities of embedded GPU devices for stereo depth estimation. More importantly, based on our evaluation, we propose the use of a U-Net like architecture for postprocessing the cost-volume, instead of a typical sequence of 3D convolutions, drastically augmenting the runtime speed of current models. In our experiments, we achieve real-time inference speed, in the range of 5–32 ms, for 1216 × 368 input stereo images on the Jetson TX2, Jetson Xavier, and Jetson Nano embedded devices.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MSIAU; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AAN2020 Serial 3428  
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Author Angel Morera; Angel Sanchez; A. Belen Moreno; Angel Sappa; Jose F. Velez edit   pdf
url  openurl
  Title SSD vs. YOLO for Detection of Outdoor Urban Advertising Panels under Multiple Variabilities Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Sensors Abbreviated Journal SENS  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 16 Pages 4587  
  Keywords  
  Abstract This work compares Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) and You Only Look Once (YOLO) deep neural networks for the outdoor advertisement panel detection problem by handling multiple and combined variabilities in the scenes. Publicity panel detection in images offers important advantages both in the real world as well as in the virtual one. For example, applications like Google Street View can be used for Internet publicity and when detecting these ads panels in images, it could be possible to replace the publicity appearing inside the panels by another from a funding company. In our experiments, both SSD and YOLO detectors have produced acceptable results under variable sizes of panels, illumination conditions, viewing perspectives, partial occlusion of panels, complex background and multiple panels in scenes. Due to the difficulty of finding annotated images for the considered problem, we created our own dataset for conducting the experiments. The major strength of the SSD model was the almost elimination of False Positive (FP) cases, situation that is preferable when the publicity contained inside the panel is analyzed after detecting them. On the other side, YOLO produced better panel localization results detecting a higher number of True Positive (TP) panels with a higher accuracy. Finally, a comparison of the two analyzed object detection models with different types of semantic segmentation networks and using the same evaluation metrics is also included.  
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  Notes MSIAU; 600.130; 601.349; 600.122 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MSM2020 Serial 3452  
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Author Aura Hernandez-Sabate; Lluis Albarracin; F. Javier Sanchez edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Graph-Based Problem Explorer: A Software Tool to Support Algorithm Design Learning While Solving the Salesperson Problem Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Mathematics Abbreviated Journal MATH  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 8(9) Pages 1595  
  Keywords STEM education; Project-based learning; Coding; software tool  
  Abstract In this article, we present a sequence of activities in the form of a project in order to promote
learning on design and analysis of algorithms. The project is based on the resolution of a real problem, the salesperson problem, and it is theoretically grounded on the fundamentals of mathematical modelling. In order to support the students’ work, a multimedia tool, called Graph-based Problem Explorer (GbPExplorer), has been designed and refined to promote the development of computer literacy in engineering and science university students. This tool incorporates several modules to allow coding different algorithmic techniques solving the salesman problem. Based on an educational design research along five years, we observe that working with GbPExplorer during the project provides students with the possibility of representing the situation to be studied in the form of graphs and analyze them from a computational point of view.
 
  Address September 2020  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes IAM; ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ Serial 3722  
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Author Wenjuan Gong; Yue Zhang; Wei Wang; Peng Cheng; Jordi Gonzalez edit  url
openurl 
  Title Meta-MMFNet: Meta-learning-based Multi-model Fusion Network for Micro-expression Recognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2023 Publication ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications Abbreviated Journal TMCCA  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 2 Pages 1–20  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Despite its wide applications in criminal investigations and clinical communications with patients suffering from autism, automatic micro-expression recognition remains a challenging problem because of the lack of training data and imbalanced classes problems. In this study, we proposed a meta-learning-based multi-model fusion network (Meta-MMFNet) to solve the existing problems. The proposed method is based on the metric-based meta-learning pipeline, which is specifically designed for few-shot learning and is suitable for model-level fusion. The frame difference and optical flow features were fused, deep features were extracted from the fused feature, and finally in the meta-learning-based framework, weighted sum model fusion method was applied for micro-expression classification. Meta-MMFNet achieved better results than state-of-the-art methods on four datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/wenjgong/meta-fusion-based-method.  
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  Notes ISE Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GZW2023 Serial 3862  
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Author David Masip; Jordi Vitria edit  openurl
  Title Shared Feature Extraction for Nearest Neighbor Face Recognition Type Journal
  Year 2008 Publication IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 19 Issue 4 Pages 586–595  
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  Notes OR;MV Approved no  
  Call Number BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ MaV2008 Serial 944  
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Author Fadi Dornaika; Angel Sappa edit  openurl
  Title Evaluation of an Appearance-based 3D Face Tracker using Dense 3D Data Type Journal
  Year 2008 Publication Machine Vision and Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 19 Issue 5-6 Pages 427–441  
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  Notes ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number ADAS @ adas @ DoS2008b Serial 1018  
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