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Author Carolina Malagelada; Michal Drozdzal; Santiago Segui; Sara Mendez; Jordi Vitria; Petia Radeva; Javier Santos; Anna Accarino; Juan R. Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Classification of functional bowel disorders by objective physiological criteria based on endoluminal image analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology Abbreviated Journal AJPGI  
  Volume (down) 309 Issue 6 Pages G413--G419  
  Keywords capsule endoscopy; computer vision analysis; functional bowel disorders; intestinal motility; machine learning  
  Abstract We have previously developed an original method to evaluate small bowel motor function based on computer vision analysis of endoluminal images obtained by capsule endoscopy. Our aim was to demonstrate intestinal motor abnormalities in patients with functional bowel disorders by endoluminal vision analysis. Patients with functional bowel disorders (n = 205) and healthy subjects (n = 136) ingested the endoscopic capsule (Pillcam-SB2, Given-Imaging) after overnight fast and 45 min after gastric exit of the capsule a liquid meal (300 ml, 1 kcal/ml) was administered. Endoluminal image analysis was performed by computer vision and machine learning techniques to define the normal range and to identify clusters of abnormal function. After training the algorithm, we used 196 patients and 48 healthy subjects, completely naive, as test set. In the test set, 51 patients (26%) were detected outside the normal range (P < 0.001 vs. 3 healthy subjects) and clustered into hypo- and hyperdynamic subgroups compared with healthy subjects. Patients with hypodynamic behavior (n = 38) exhibited less luminal closure sequences (41 ± 2% of the recording time vs. 61 ± 2%; P < 0.001) and more static sequences (38 ± 3 vs. 20 ± 2%; P < 0.001); in contrast, patients with hyperdynamic behavior (n = 13) had an increased proportion of luminal closure sequences (73 ± 4 vs. 61 ± 2%; P = 0.029) and more high-motion sequences (3 ± 1 vs. 0.5 ± 0.1%; P < 0.001). Applying an original methodology, we have developed a novel classification of functional gut disorders based on objective, physiological criteria of small bowel function.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Physiological Society Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB; OR;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MDS2015 Serial 2666  
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Author Jordina Torrents-Barrena; Aida Valls; Petia Radeva; Meritxell Arenas; Domenec Puig edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Automatic Recognition of Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer in X-Ray images using Segmentation-based Fractal Texture Analysis Type Book Chapter
  Year 2015 Publication Artificial Intelligence Research and Development Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume (down) 277 Issue Pages 247 - 256  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Breast cancer disease has recently been classified into four subtypes regarding the molecular properties of the affected tumor region. For each patient, an accurate diagnosis of the specific type is vital to decide the most appropriate therapy in order to enhance life prospects. Nowadays, advanced therapeutic diagnosis research is focused on gene selection methods, which are not robust enough. Hence, we hypothesize that computer vision algorithms can offer benefits to address the problem of discriminating among them through X-Ray images. In this paper, we propose a novel approach driven by texture feature descriptors and machine learning techniques. First, we segment the tumour part through an active contour technique and then, we perform a complete fractal analysis to collect qualitative information of the region of interest in the feature extraction stage. Finally, several supervised and unsupervised classifiers are used to perform multiclass classification of the aforementioned data. The experimental results presented in this paper support that it is possible to establish a relation between each tumor subtype and the extracted features of the patterns revealed on mammograms.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher IOS Press Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @TVR2015 Serial 2780  
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Author Monica Piñol; Angel Sappa; Ricardo Toledo edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Adaptive Feature Descriptor Selection based on a Multi-Table Reinforcement Learning Strategy Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Neurocomputing Abbreviated Journal NEUCOM  
  Volume (down) 150 Issue A Pages 106–115  
  Keywords Reinforcement learning; Q-learning; Bag of features; Descriptors  
  Abstract This paper presents and evaluates a framework to improve the performance of visual object classification methods, which are based on the usage of image feature descriptors as inputs. The goal of the proposed framework is to learn the best descriptor for each image in a given database. This goal is reached by means of a reinforcement learning process using the minimum information. The visual classification system used to demonstrate the proposed framework is based on a bag of features scheme, and the reinforcement learning technique is implemented through the Q-learning approach. The behavior of the reinforcement learning with different state definitions is evaluated. Additionally, a method that combines all these states is formulated in order to select the optimal state. Finally, the chosen actions are obtained from the best set of image descriptors in the literature: PHOW, SIFT, C-SIFT, SURF and Spin. Experimental results using two public databases (ETH and COIL) are provided showing both the validity of the proposed approach and comparisons with state of the art. In all the cases the best results are obtained with the proposed approach.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PST2015 Serial 2473  
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Author Francisco Alvaro; Francisco Cruz; Joan Andreu Sanchez; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Jose Miguel Benedi edit   pdf
openurl 
  Title Structure Detection and Segmentation of Documents Using 2D Stochastic Context-Free Grammars Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Neurocomputing Abbreviated Journal NEUCOM  
  Volume (down) 150 Issue A Pages 147-154  
  Keywords document image analysis; stochastic context-free grammars; text classi cation features  
  Abstract In this paper we de ne a bidimensional extension of Stochastic Context-Free Grammars for structure detection and segmentation of images of documents.
Two sets of text classi cation features are used to perform an initial classi cation of each zone of the page. Then, the document segmentation is obtained as the most likely hypothesis according to a stochastic grammar. We used a dataset of historical marriage license books to validate this approach. We also tested several inference algorithms for Probabilistic Graphical Models
and the results showed that the proposed grammatical model outperformed
the other methods. Furthermore, grammars also provide the document structure
along with its segmentation.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes DAG; 601.158; 600.077; 600.061 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ ACS2015 Serial 2531  
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Author Daniel Sanchez; Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title HuPBA 8k+: Dataset and ECOC-GraphCut based Segmentation of Human Limbs Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Neurocomputing Abbreviated Journal NEUCOM  
  Volume (down) 150 Issue A Pages 173–188  
  Keywords Human limb segmentation; ECOC; Graph-Cuts  
  Abstract Human multi-limb segmentation in RGB images has attracted a lot of interest in the research community because of the huge amount of possible applications in fields like Human-Computer Interaction, Surveillance, eHealth, or Gaming. Nevertheless, human multi-limb segmentation is a very hard task because of the changes in appearance produced by different points of view, clothing, lighting conditions, occlusions, and number of articulations of the human body. Furthermore, this huge pose variability makes the availability of large annotated datasets difficult. In this paper, we introduce the HuPBA8k+ dataset. The dataset contains more than 8000 labeled frames at pixel precision, including more than 120000 manually labeled samples of 14 different limbs. For completeness, the dataset is also labeled at frame-level with action annotations drawn from an 11 action dictionary which includes both single person actions and person-person interactive actions. Furthermore, we also propose a two-stage approach for the segmentation of human limbs. In a first stage, human limbs are trained using cascades of classifiers to be split in a tree-structure way, which is included in an Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework to define a body-like probability map. This map is used to obtain a binary mask of the subject by means of GMM color modelling and GraphCuts theory. In a second stage, we embed a similar tree-structure in an ECOC framework to build a more accurate set of limb-like probability maps within the segmented user mask, that are fed to a multi-label GraphCut procedure to obtain final multi-limb segmentation. The methodology is tested on the novel HuPBA8k+ dataset, showing performance improvements in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, a baseline of standard action recognition methods for the 11 actions categories of the novel dataset is also provided.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SBE2015 Serial 2552  
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Author Josep M. Gonfaus; Marco Pedersoli; Jordi Gonzalez; Andrea Vedaldi; Xavier Roca edit   pdf
doi  openurl
  Title Factorized appearances for object detection Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Computer Vision and Image Understanding Abbreviated Journal CVIU  
  Volume (down) 138 Issue Pages 92–101  
  Keywords Object recognition; Deformable part models; Learning and sharing parts; Discovering discriminative parts  
  Abstract Deformable object models capture variations in an object’s appearance that can be represented as image deformations. Other effects such as out-of-plane rotations, three-dimensional articulations, and self-occlusions are often captured by considering mixture of deformable models, one per object aspect. A more scalable approach is representing instead the variations at the level of the object parts, applying the concept of a mixture locally. Combining a few part variations can in fact cheaply generate a large number of global appearances.

A limited version of this idea was proposed by Yang and Ramanan [1], for human pose dectection. In this paper we apply it to the task of generic object category detection and extend it in several ways. First, we propose a model for the relationship between part appearances more general than the tree of Yang and Ramanan [1], which is more suitable for generic categories. Second, we treat part locations as well as their appearance as latent variables so that training does not need part annotations but only the object bounding boxes. Third, we modify the weakly-supervised learning of Felzenszwalb et al. and Girshick et al. [2], [3] to handle a significantly more complex latent structure.
Our model is evaluated on standard object detection benchmarks and is found to improve over existing approaches, yielding state-of-the-art results for several object categories.
 
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ISE; 600.063; 600.078 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GPG2015 Serial 2705  
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Author Tadashi Araki; Nobutaka Ikeda; Nilanjan Dey; Sayan Chakraborty; Luca Saba; Dinesh Kumar; Elisa Cuadrado Godia; Xiaoyi Jiang; Ajay Gupta; Petia Radeva; John R. Laird; Andrew Nicolaides; Jasjit S. Suri edit  doi
openurl 
  Title A comparative approach of four different image registration techniques for quantitative assessment of coronary artery calcium lesions using intravascular ultrasound Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Abbreviated Journal CMPB  
  Volume (down) 118 Issue 2 Pages 158-172  
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  Address  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ AID2015 Serial 2640  
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Author Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Synthetic sequences and ground-truth flow field generation for algorithm validation Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Multimedia Tools and Applications Abbreviated Journal MTAP  
  Volume (down) 74 Issue 9 Pages 3121-3135  
  Keywords Ground-truth optical flow; Synthetic sequence; Algorithm validation  
  Abstract Research in computer vision is advancing by the availability of good datasets that help to improve algorithms, validate results and obtain comparative analysis. The datasets can be real or synthetic. For some of the computer vision problems such as optical flow it is not possible to obtain ground-truth optical flow with high accuracy in natural outdoor real scenarios directly by any sensor, although it is possible to obtain ground-truth data of real scenarios in a laboratory setup with limited motion. In this difficult situation computer graphics offers a viable option for creating realistic virtual scenarios. In the current work we present a framework to design virtual scenes and generate sequences as well as ground-truth flow fields. Particularly, we generate a dataset containing sequences of driving scenarios. The sequences in the dataset vary in different speeds of the on-board vision system, different road textures, complex motion of vehicle and independent moving vehicles in the scene. This dataset enables analyzing and adaptation of existing optical flow methods, and leads to invention of new approaches particularly for driver assistance systems.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer US Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1380-7501 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes ADAS; 600.055; 601.215; 600.076 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ OnS2014b Serial 2472  
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Author Victor Ponce; Sergio Escalera; Marc Perez; Oriol Janes; Xavier Baro edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Non-Verbal Communication Analysis in Victim-Offender Mediations Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume (down) 67 Issue 1 Pages 19-27  
  Keywords Victim–Offender Mediation; Multi-modal human behavior analysis; Face and gesture recognition; Social signal processing; Computer vision; Machine learning  
  Abstract We present a non-invasive ambient intelligence framework for the semi-automatic analysis of non-verbal communication applied to the restorative justice field. We propose the use of computer vision and social signal processing technologies in real scenarios of Victim–Offender Mediations, applying feature extraction techniques to multi-modal audio-RGB-depth data. We compute a set of behavioral indicators that define communicative cues from the fields of psychology and observational methodology. We test our methodology on data captured in real Victim–Offender Mediation sessions in Catalonia. We define the ground truth based on expert opinions when annotating the observed social responses. Using different state of the art binary classification approaches, our system achieves recognition accuracies of 86% when predicting satisfaction, and 79% when predicting both agreement and receptivity. Applying a regression strategy, we obtain a mean deviation for the predictions between 0.5 and 0.7 in the range [1–5] for the computed social signals.  
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  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ PEP2015 Serial 2583  
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Author David Sanchez-Mendoza; David Masip; Agata Lapedriza edit   file
doi  openurl
  Title Emotion recognition from mid-level features Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume (down) 67 Issue Part 1 Pages 66–74  
  Keywords Facial expression; Emotion recognition; Action units; Computer vision  
  Abstract In this paper we present a study on the use of Action Units as mid-level features for automatically recognizing basic and subtle emotions. We propose a representation model based on mid-level facial muscular movement features. We encode these movements dynamically using the Facial Action Coding System, and propose to use these intermediate features based on Action Units (AUs) to classify emotions. AUs activations are detected fusing a set of spatiotemporal geometric and appearance features. The algorithm is validated in two applications: (i) the recognition of 7 basic emotions using the publicly available Cohn-Kanade database, and (ii) the inference of subtle emotional cues in the Newscast database. In this second scenario, we consider emotions that are perceived cumulatively in longer periods of time. In particular, we Automatically classify whether video shoots from public News TV channels refer to Good or Bad news. To deal with the different video lengths we propose a Histogram of Action Units and compute it using a sliding window strategy on the frame sequences. Our approach achieves accuracies close to human perception.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Elsevier B.V. Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0167-8655 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes OR;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ SML2015 Serial 2746  
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Author Michal Drozdzal; Santiago Segui; Petia Radeva; Carolina Malagelada; Fernando Azpiroz; Jordi Vitria edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Motility bar: a new tool for motility analysis of endoluminal videos Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Computers in Biology and Medicine Abbreviated Journal CBM  
  Volume (down) 65 Issue Pages 320-330  
  Keywords Small intestine; Motility; WCE; Computer vision; Image classification  
  Abstract Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) provides a new perspective of the small intestine, since it enables, for the first time, visualization of the entire organ. However, the long visual video analysis time, due to the large number of data in a single WCE study, was an important factor impeding the widespread use of the capsule as a tool for intestinal abnormalities detection. Therefore, the introduction of WCE triggered a new field for the application of computational methods, and in particular, of computer vision. In this paper, we follow the computational approach and come up with a new perspective on the small intestine motility problem. Our approach consists of three steps: first, we review a tool for the visualization of the motility information contained in WCE video; second, we propose algorithms for the characterization of two motility building-blocks: contraction detector and lumen size estimation; finally, we introduce an approach to detect segments of stable motility behavior. Our claims are supported by an evaluation performed with 10 WCE videos, suggesting that our methods ably capture the intestinal motility information.  
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  Notes MILAB;MV Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ DSR2015 Serial 2635  
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Author Debora Gil; David Roche; Agnes Borras; Jesus Giraldo edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Terminating Evolutionary Algorithms at their Steady State Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Computational Optimization and Applications Abbreviated Journal COA  
  Volume (down) 61 Issue 2 Pages 489-515  
  Keywords Evolutionary algorithms; Termination condition; Steady state; Differential evolution  
  Abstract Assessing the reliability of termination conditions for evolutionary algorithms (EAs) is of prime importance. An erroneous or weak stop criterion can negatively affect both the computational effort and the final result. We introduce a statistical framework for assessing whether a termination condition is able to stop an EA at its steady state, so that its results can not be improved anymore. We use a regression model in order to determine the requirements ensuring that a measure derived from EA evolving population is related to the distance to the optimum in decision variable space. Our framework is analyzed across 24 benchmark test functions and two standard termination criteria based on function fitness value in objective function space and EA population decision variable space distribution for the differential evolution (DE) paradigm. Results validate our framework as a powerful tool for determining the capability of a measure for terminating EA and the results also identify the decision variable space distribution as the best-suited for accurately terminating DE in real-world applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer US Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0926-6003 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes IAM; 600.044; 605.203; 600.060; 600.075 Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ GRB2015 Serial 2560  
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Author Meysam Madadi; Sergio Escalera; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca; Felipe Lumbreras edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Multi-part body segmentation based on depth maps for soft biometry analysis Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume (down) 56 Issue Pages 14-21  
  Keywords 3D shape context; 3D point cloud alignment; Depth maps; Human body segmentation; Soft biometry analysis  
  Abstract This paper presents a novel method extracting biometric measures using depth sensors. Given a multi-part labeled training data, a new subject is aligned to the best model of the dataset, and soft biometrics such as lengths or circumference sizes of limbs and body are computed. The process is performed by training relevant pose clusters, defining a representative model, and fitting a 3D shape context descriptor within an iterative matching procedure. We show robust measures by applying orthogonal plates to body hull. We test our approach in a novel full-body RGB-Depth data set, showing accurate estimation of soft biometrics and better segmentation accuracy in comparison with random forest approach without requiring large training data.  
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  Notes HuPBA; ISE; ADAS; 600.076;600.049; 600.063; 600.054; 302.018;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ MEG2015 Serial 2588  
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Author Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Muhammad Anwer Rao; Joost Van de Weijer; Michael Felsberg; J.Laaksonen edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Compact color texture description for texture classification Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Pattern Recognition Letters Abbreviated Journal PRL  
  Volume (down) 51 Issue Pages 16-22  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Describing textures is a challenging problem in computer vision and pattern recognition. The classification problem involves assigning a category label to the texture class it belongs to. Several factors such as variations in scale, illumination and viewpoint make the problem of texture description extremely challenging. A variety of histogram based texture representations exists in literature.
However, combining multiple texture descriptors and assessing their complementarity is still an open research problem. In this paper, we first show that combining multiple local texture descriptors significantly improves the recognition performance compared to using a single best method alone. This
gain in performance is achieved at the cost of high-dimensional final image representation. To counter this problem, we propose to use an information-theoretic compression technique to obtain a compact texture description without any significant loss in accuracy. In addition, we perform a comprehensive
evaluation of pure color descriptors, popular in object recognition, for the problem of texture classification. Experiments are performed on four challenging texture datasets namely, KTH-TIPS-2a, KTH-TIPS-2b, FMD and Texture-10. The experiments clearly demonstrate that our proposed compact multi-texture approach outperforms the single best texture method alone. In all cases, discriminative color names outperforms other color features for texture classification. Finally, we show that combining discriminative color names with compact texture representation outperforms state-of-the-art methods by 7:8%, 4:3% and 5:0% on KTH-TIPS-2a, KTH-TIPS-2b and Texture-10 datasets respectively.
 
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  Notes LAMP; 600.068; 600.079;ADAS Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ KRW2015a Serial 2587  
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Author Andres Traumann; Gholamreza Anbarjafari; Sergio Escalera edit  doi
openurl 
  Title Accurate 3D Measurement Using Optical Depth Information Type Journal Article
  Year 2015 Publication Electronic Letters Abbreviated Journal EL  
  Volume (down) 51 Issue 18 Pages 1420-1422  
  Keywords  
  Abstract A novel three-dimensional measurement technique is proposed. The methodology consists in mapping from the screen coordinates reported by the optical camera to the real world, and integrating distance gradients from the beginning to the end point, while also minimising the error through fitting pixel locations to a smooth curve. The results demonstrate accuracy of less than half a centimetre using Microsoft Kinect II.  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes HuPBA;MILAB Approved no  
  Call Number Admin @ si @ TAE2015 Serial 2647  
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