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	Author	Henry Velesaca; Patricia Suarez; Dario Carpio; Rafael E. Rivadeneira; Angel Sanchez; Angel Morera
	Title	Video Analytics in Urban Environments: Challenges and Approaches			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2022	Publication	ICT Applications for Smart Cities	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	224	Issue		Pages	101-121
	Keywords
	Abstract	This chapter reviews state-of-the-art approaches generally present in the pipeline of video analytics on urban scenarios. A typical pipeline is used to cluster approaches in the literature, including image preprocessing, object detection, object classification, and object tracking modules. Then, a review of recent approaches for each module is given. Additionally, applications and datasets generally used for training and evaluating the performance of these approaches are included. This chapter does not pretend to be an exhaustive review of state-of-the-art video analytics in urban environments but rather an illustration of some of the different recent contributions. The chapter concludes by presenting current trends in video analytics in the urban scenario field.
	Address	September 2022
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	ISRL
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-031-06306-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MSIAU; MACO			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ VSC2022			Serial	3811
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	Author	Jorge Charco; Angel Sappa; Boris X. Vintimilla; Henry Velesaca
	Title	Human Body Pose Estimation in Multi-view Environments			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2022	Publication	ICT Applications for Smart Cities. Intelligent Systems Reference Library	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	224	Issue		Pages	79-99
	Keywords
	Abstract	This chapter tackles the challenging problem of human pose estimation in multi-view environments to handle scenes with self-occlusions. The proposed approach starts by first estimating the camera pose—extrinsic parameters—in multi-view scenarios; due to few real image datasets, different virtual scenes are generated by using a special simulator, for training and testing the proposed convolutional neural network based approaches. Then, these extrinsic parameters are used to establish the relation between different cameras into the multi-view scheme, which captures the pose of the person from different points of view at the same time. The proposed multi-view scheme allows to robustly estimate human body joints’ position even in situations where they are occluded. This would help to avoid possible false alarms in behavioral analysis systems of smart cities, as well as applications for physical therapy, safe moving assistance for the elderly among other. The chapter concludes by presenting experimental results in real scenes by using state-of-the-art and the proposed multi-view approaches.
	Address	September 2022
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	ISRL
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-031-06306-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MSIAU; MACO			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ CSV2022b			Serial	3810
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	Author	Victoria Ruiz; Angel Sanchez; Jose F. Velez; Bogdan Raducanu
	Title	Waste Classification with Small Datasets and Limited Resources			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2022	Publication	ICT Applications for Smart Cities. Intelligent Systems Reference Library	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	224	Issue		Pages	185-203
	Keywords
	Abstract	Automatic waste recycling has become a very important societal challenge nowadays, raising people’s awareness for a cleaner environment and a more sustainable lifestyle. With the transition to Smart Cities, and thanks to advanced ICT solutions, this problem has received a new impulse. The waste recycling focus has shifted from general waste treating facilities to an individual responsibility, where each person should become aware of selective waste separation. The surge of the mobile devices, accompanied by a significant increase in computation power, has potentiated and facilitated this individual role. An automated image-based waste classification mechanism can help with a more efficient recycling and a reduction of contamination from residuals. Despite the good results achieved with the deep learning methodologies for this task, the Achille’s heel is that they require large neural networks which need significant computational resources for training and therefore are not suitable for mobile devices. To circumvent this apparently intractable problem, we will rely on knowledge distillation in order to transfer the network’s knowledge from a larger network (called ‘teacher’) to a smaller, more compact one, (referred as ‘student’) and thus making it possible the task of image classification on a device with limited resources. For evaluation, we considered as ‘teachers’ large architectures such as InceptionResNet or DenseNet and as ‘students’, several configurations of the MobileNets. We used the publicly available TrashNet dataset to demonstrate that the distillation process does not significantly affect system’s performance (e.g. classification accuracy) of the student network.
	Address	September 2022
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	ISRL
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-031-06306-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	LAMP			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @			Serial	3813
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	Author	Michael Teutsch; Angel Sappa; Riad I. Hammoud
	Title	Detection, Classification, and Tracking			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2022	Publication	Computer Vision in the Infrared Spectrum. Synthesis Lectures on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	35-58
	Keywords
	Abstract	Automatic image and video exploitation or content analysis is a technique to extract higher-level information from a scene such as objects, behavior, (inter-)actions, environment, or even weather conditions. The relevant information is assumed to be contained in the two-dimensional signal provided in an image (width and height in pixels) or the three-dimensional signal provided in a video (width, height, and time). But also intermediate-level information such as object classes [196], locations [197], or motion [198] can help applications to fulfill certain tasks such as intelligent compression [199], video summarization [200], or video retrieval [201]. Usually, videos with their temporal dimension are a richer source of data compared to single images [202] and thus certain video content can be extracted from videos only such as object motion or object behavior. Often, machine learning or nowadays deep learning techniques are utilized to model prior knowledge about object or scene appearance using labeled training samples [203, 204]. After a learning phase, these models are then applied in real world applications, which is called inference.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	SLCV
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-031-00698-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MSIAU; MACO			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TSH2022c			Serial	3806
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	Author	Michael Teutsch; Angel Sappa; Riad I. Hammoud
	Title	Cross-Spectral Image Processing			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2022	Publication	Computer Vision in the Infrared Spectrum. Synthesis Lectures on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	23-34
	Keywords
	Abstract	Although this book is on IR computer vision and its main focus lies on IR image and video processing and analysis, a special attention is dedicated to cross-spectral image processing due to the increasing number of publications and applications in this domain. In these cross-spectral frameworks, IR information is used together with information from other spectral bands to tackle some specific problems by developing more robust solutions. Tasks considered for cross-spectral processing are for instance dehazing, segmentation, vegetation index estimation, or face recognition. This increasing number of applications is motivated by cross- and multi-spectral camera setups available already on the market like for example smartphones, remote sensing multispectral cameras, or multi-spectral cameras for automotive systems or drones. In this chapter, different cross-spectral image processing techniques will be reviewed together with possible applications. Initially, image registration approaches for the cross-spectral case are reviewed: the registration stage is the first image processing task, which is needed to align images acquired by different sensors within the same reference coordinate system. Then, recent cross-spectral image colorization approaches, which are intended to colorize infrared images for different applications are presented. Finally, the cross-spectral image enhancement problem is tackled by including guided super resolution techniques, image dehazing approaches, cross-spectral filtering and edge detection. Figure 3.1 illustrates cross-spectral image processing stages as well as their possible connections. Table 3.1 presents some of the available public cross-spectral datasets generally used as reference data to evaluate cross-spectral image registration, colorization, enhancement, or exploitation results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	SLCV
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-031-00698-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MSIAU; MACO			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TSH2022b			Serial	3805
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	Author	Michael Teutsch; Angel Sappa; Riad I. Hammoud
	Title	Image and Video Enhancement			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2022	Publication	Computer Vision in the Infrared Spectrum. Synthesis Lectures on Computer Vision	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	9-21
	Keywords
	Abstract	Image and video enhancement aims at improving the signal quality relative to imaging artifacts such as noise and blur or atmospheric perturbations such as turbulence and haze. It is usually performed in order to assist humans in analyzing image and video content or simply to present humans visually appealing images and videos. However, image and video enhancement can also be used as a preprocessing technique to ease the task and thus improve the performance of subsequent automatic image content analysis algorithms: preceding dehazing can improve object detection as shown by [23] or explicit turbulence modeling can improve moving object detection as discussed by [24]. But it remains an open question whether image and video enhancement should rather be performed explicitly as a preprocessing step or implicitly for example by feeding affected images directly to a neural network for image content analysis like object detection [25]. Especially for real-time video processing at low latency it can be better to handle image perturbation implicitly in order to minimize the processing time of an algorithm. This can be achieved by making algorithms for image content analysis robust or even invariant to perturbations such as noise or blur. Additionally, mistakes of an individual preprocessing module can obviously affect the quality of the entire processing pipeline.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	SLCV
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MSIAU; MACO			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ TSH2022a			Serial	3807
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	Author	Debora Gil; Oriol Ramos Terrades; Raquel Perez
	Title	Topological Radiomics (TOPiomics): Early Detection of Genetic Abnormalities in Cancer Treatment Evolution			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2021	Publication	Extended Abstracts GEOMVAP 2019, Trends in Mathematics 15	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	15	Issue		Pages	89–93
	Keywords
	Abstract	Abnormalities in radiomic measures correlate to genomic alterations prone to alter the outcome of personalized anti-cancer treatments. TOPiomics is a new method for the early detection of variations in tumor imaging phenotype from a topological structure in multi-view radiomic spaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Nature	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	IAM; DAG; 600.120; 600.145; 600.139			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ GRP2021			Serial	3594
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	Author	Arnau Baro; Pau Riba; Jorge Calvo-Zaragoza; Alicia Fornes
	Title	Optical Music Recognition by Long Short-Term Memory Networks			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2018	Publication	Graphics Recognition. Current Trends and Evolutions	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11009	Issue		Pages	81-95
	Keywords	Optical Music Recognition; Recurrent Neural Network; Long ShortTerm Memory
	Abstract	Optical Music Recognition refers to the task of transcribing the image of a music score into a machine-readable format. Many music scores are written in a single staff, and therefore, they could be treated as a sequence. Therefore, this work explores the use of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Networks for reading the music score sequentially, where the LSTM helps in keeping the context. For training, we have used a synthetic dataset of more than 40000 images, labeled at primitive level. The experimental results are promising, showing the benefits of our approach.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor	A. Fornes, B. Lamiroy
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title	LNCS
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-030-02283-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	GREC
	Notes	DAG; 600.097; 601.302; 601.330; 600.121			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ BRC2018			Serial	3227
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	Author	Julie Digne; Mariella Dimiccoli; Neus Sabater; Philippe Salembier
	Title	Neighborhood Filters and the Recovery of 3D Information			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2015	Publication	Handbook of Mathematical Methods in Imaging	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	III	Pages	1645-1673
	Keywords
	Abstract	Following their success in image processing (see Chapter Local Smoothing Neighborhood Filters), neighborhood filters have been extended to 3D surface processing. This adaptation is not straightforward. It has led to several variants for surfaces depending on whether the surface is defined as a mesh, or as a raw data point set. The image gray level in the bilateral similarity measure is replaced by a geometric information such as the normal or the curvature. The first section of this chapter reviews the variants of 3D mesh bilateral filters and compares them to the simplest possible isotropic filter, the mean curvature motion.In a second part, this chapter reviews applications of the bilateral filter to a data composed of a sparse depth map (or of depth cues) and of the image on which they have been computed. Such sparse depth cues can be obtained by stereovision or by psychophysical techniques. The underlying assumption to these applications is that pixels with similar intensity around a region are likely to have similar depths. Therefore, when diffusing depth information with a bilateral filter based on locality and color similarity, the discontinuities in depth are assured to be consistent with the color discontinuities, which is generally a desirable property. In the reviewed applications, this ends up with the reconstruction of a dense perceptual depth map from the joint data of an image and of depth cues.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer New York	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-4939-0789-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	MILAB			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ DDS2015			Serial	2710
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	Author	C. Alejandro Parraga
	Title	Color Vision, Computational Methods for			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Encyclopedia of Computational Neuroscience	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords	Color computational vision; Computational neuroscience of color
	Abstract	The study of color vision has been aided by a whole battery of computational methods that attempt to describe the mechanisms that lead to our perception of colors in terms of the information-processing properties of the visual system. Their scope is highly interdisciplinary, linking apparently dissimilar disciplines such as mathematics, physics, computer science, neuroscience, cognitive science, and psychology. Since the sensation of color is a feature of our brains, computational approaches usually include biological features of neural systems in their descriptions, from retinal light-receptor interaction to subcortical color opponency, cortical signal decoding, and color categorization. They produce hypotheses that are usually tested by behavioral or psychophysical experiments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	Dieter Jaeger; Ranu Jung
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-4614-7320-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	CIC; 600.074			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ Par2014			Serial	2512
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	Author	Miquel Ferrer; I. Bardaji; Ernest Valveny; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Horst Bunke
	Title	Median Graph Computation by Means of Graph Embedding into Vector Spaces			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2013	Publication	Graph Embedding for Pattern Analysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	45-72
	Keywords
	Abstract	In pattern recognition [8, 14], a key issue to be addressed when designing a system is how to represent input patterns. Feature vectors is a common option. That is, a set of numerical features describing relevant properties of the pattern are computed and arranged in a vector form. The main advantages of this kind of representation are computational simplicity and a well sound mathematical foundation. Thus, a large number of operations are available to work with vectors and a large repository of algorithms for pattern analysis and classification exist. However, the simple structure of feature vectors might not be the best option for complex patterns where nonnumerical features or relations between different parts of the pattern become relevant.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer New York	Place of Publication		Editor	Yun Fu; Yungian Ma
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-1-4614-4456-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FBV2013			Serial	2421
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	Author	Svebor Karaman; Giuseppe Lisanti; Andrew Bagdanov; Alberto del Bimbo
	Title	From re-identification to identity inference: Labeling consistency by local similarity constraints			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Person Re-Identification	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	287-307
	Keywords	re-identification; Identity inference; Conditional random fields; Video surveillance
	Abstract	In this chapter, we introduce the problem of identity inference as a generalization of person re-identification. It is most appropriate to distinguish identity inference from re-identification in situations where a large number of observations must be identified without knowing a priori that groups of test images represent the same individual. The standard single- and multishot person re-identification common in the literature are special cases of our formulation. We present an approach to solving identity inference by modeling it as a labeling problem in a Conditional Random Field (CRF). The CRF model ensures that the final labeling gives similar labels to detections that are similar in feature space. Experimental results are given on the ETHZ, i-LIDS and CAVIAR datasets. Our approach yields state-of-the-art performance for multishot re-identification, and our results on the more general identity inference problem demonstrate that we are able to infer the identity of very many examples even with very few labeled images in the gallery.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer London	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2191-6586	ISBN	978-1-4471-6295-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	LAMP; 600.079			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @KLB2014b			Serial	2521
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	Author	Murad Al Haj; Carles Fernandez; Zhanwu Xiong; Ivan Huerta; Jordi Gonzalez; Xavier Roca
	Title	Beyond the Static Camera: Issues and Trends in Active Vision			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2011	Publication	Visual Analysis of Humans: Looking at People	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	2	Pages	11-30
	Keywords
	Abstract	Maximizing both the area coverage and the resolution per target is highly desirable in many applications of computer vision. However, with a limited number of cameras viewing a scene, the two objectives are contradictory. This chapter is dedicated to active vision systems, trying to achieve a trade-off between these two aims and examining the use of high-level reasoning in such scenarios. The chapter starts by introducing different approaches to active cameras configurations. Later, a single active camera system to track a moving object is developed, offering the reader first-hand understanding of the issues involved. Another section discusses practical considerations in building an active vision platform, taking as an example a multi-camera system developed for a European project. The last section of the chapter reflects upon the future trends of using semantic factors to drive smartly coordinated active systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer London	Place of Publication		Editor	Th.B. Moeslund; A. Hilton; V. Krüger; L. Sigal
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-85729-996-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ AFX2011			Serial	1814
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	Author	Nataliya Shapovalova; Carles Fernandez; Xavier Roca; Jordi Gonzalez
	Title	Semantics of Human Behavior in Image Sequences			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2011	Publication	Computer Analysis of Human Behavior	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue	7	Pages	151-182
	Keywords
	Abstract	Human behavior is contextualized and understanding the scene of an action is crucial for giving proper semantics to behavior. In this chapter we present a novel approach for scene understanding. The emphasis of this work is on the particular case of Human Event Understanding. We introduce a new taxonomy to organize the different semantic levels of the Human Event Understanding framework proposed. Such a framework particularly contributes to the scene understanding domain by (i) extracting behavioral patterns from the integrative analysis of spatial, temporal, and contextual evidence and (ii) integrative analysis of bottom-up and top-down approaches in Human Event Understanding. We will explore how the information about interactions between humans and their environment influences the performance of activity recognition, and how this can be extrapolated to the temporal domain in order to extract higher inferences from human events observed in sequences of images.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer London	Place of Publication		Editor	Albert Ali Salah;
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-85729-993-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	ISE			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ SFR2011			Serial	1810
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	Author	Alicia Fornes; Gemma Sanchez
	Title	Analysis and Recognition of Music Scores			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Handbook of Document Image Processing and Recognition	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	E	Issue		Pages	749-774
	Keywords
	Abstract	The analysis and recognition of music scores has attracted the interest of researchers for decades. Optical Music Recognition (OMR) is a classical research field of Document Image Analysis and Recognition (DIAR), whose aim is to extract information from music scores. Music scores contain both graphical and textual information, and for this reason, techniques are closely related to graphics recognition and text recognition. Since music scores use a particular diagrammatic notation that follow the rules of music theory, many approaches make use of context information to guide the recognition and solve ambiguities. This chapter overviews the main Optical Music Recognition (OMR) approaches. Firstly, the different methods are grouped according to the OMR stages, namely, staff removal, music symbol recognition, and syntactical analysis. Secondly, specific approaches for old and handwritten music scores are reviewed. Finally, online approaches and commercial systems are also commented.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer London	Place of Publication		Editor	D. Doermann; K. Tombre
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-85729-860-7	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077			Approved	no
	Call Number	Admin @ si @ FoS2014			Serial	2484
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