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Panagiota Spyridonos, Fernando Vilariño, Jordi Vitria, Fernando Azpiroz, & Petia Radeva. (2006). Anisotropic Feature Extraction from Endoluminal Images for Detection of Intestinal Contractions. In and J. Sporring M. N. R. Larsen (Ed.), 9th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer–Assisted Intervention (Vol. 4191, 161–168). LNCS. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
Abstract: Wireless endoscopy is a very recent and at the same time unique technique allowing to visualize and study the occurrence of con- tractions and to analyze the intestine motility. Feature extraction is es- sential for getting efficient patterns to detect contractions in wireless video endoscopy of small intestine. We propose a novel method based on anisotropic image filtering and efficient statistical classification of con- traction features. In particular, we apply the image gradient tensor for mining informative skeletons from the original image and a sequence of descriptors for capturing the characteristic pattern of contractions. Fea- tures extracted from the endoluminal images were evaluated in terms of their discriminatory ability in correct classifying images as either belong- ing to contractions or not. Classification was performed by means of a support vector machine classifier with a radial basis function kernel. Our classification rates gave sensitivity of the order of 90.84% and specificity of the order of 94.43% respectively. These preliminary results highlight the high efficiency of the selected descriptors and support the feasibility of the proposed method in assisting the automatic detection and analysis of contractions.
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Fernando Vilariño, Panagiota Spyridonos, Jordi Vitria, Carolina Malagelada, & Petia Radeva. (2006). Linear Radial Patterns Characterization for Automatic Detection of Tonic Intestinal Contractions. In .F. Mart ́ınez-Trinidad et al (Ed.), 11th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition (Vol. 4225, 178–187). LNCS. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
Abstract: This work tackles the categorization of general linear radial patterns by means of the valleys and ridges detection and the use of descriptors of directional information, which are provided by steerable filters in different regions of the image. We successfully apply our proposal in the specific case of automatic detection of tonic contractions in video capsule endoscopy, which represent a paradigmatic example of linear radial patterns.
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Fernando Vilariño, Panagiota Spyridonos, Jordi Vitria, Carolina Malagelada, & Petia Radeva. (2006). A Machine Learning framework using SOMs: Applications in the Intestinal Motility Assessment. In J.P. Martinez–Trinidad et al (Ed.), 11th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition (Vol. 4225, 188–197). LNCS. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
Abstract: Small Bowel Motility Assessment by means of Wireless Capsule Video Endoscopy constitutes a novel clinical methodology in which a capsule with a micro-camera attached to it is swallowed by the patient, emitting a RF signal which is recorded as a video of its trip throughout the gut. In order to overcome the main drawbacks associated with this technique -mainly related to the large amount of visualization time required-, our efforts have been focused on the development of a machine learning system, built up in sequential stages, which provides the specialists with the useful part of the video, rejecting those parts not valid for analysis. We successfully used Self Organized Maps in a general semi-supervised framework with the aim of tackling the different learning stages of our system. The analysis of the diverse types of images and the automatic detection of intestinal contractions is performed under the perspective of intestinal motility assessment in a clinical environment.
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Santiago Segui, Laura Igual, Fernando Vilariño, Petia Radeva, Carolina Malagelada, Fernando Azpiroz, et al. (2008). Diagnostic System for Intestinal Motility Disfunctions Using Video Capsule Endoscopy. In and J.K. Tsotsos M. V. A. Gasteratos (Ed.), Computer Vision Systems. 6th International (Vol. 5008, 251–260). LNCS. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Abstract: Wireless Video Capsule Endoscopy is a clinical technique consisting of the analysis of images from the intestine which are pro- vided by an ingestible device with a camera attached to it. In this paper we propose an automatic system to diagnose severe intestinal motility disfunctions using the video endoscopy data. The system is based on the application of computer vision techniques within a machine learn- ing framework in order to obtain the characterization of diverse motil- ity events from video sequences. We present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system and compare them with the ground-truth provided by the gastroenterologists.
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Jorge Bernal, Fernando Vilariño, & F. Javier Sanchez. (2011). Towards Intelligent Systems for Colonoscopy. In Paul Miskovitz (Ed.), Colonoscopy (Vol. 1, pp. 257–282). Intech.
Abstract: In this chapter we present tools that can be used to build intelligent systems for colonoscopy.
The idea is, by using methods based on computer vision and artificial intelligence, add significant value to the colonoscopy procedure. Intelligent systems are being used to assist in other medical interventions
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Carles Sanchez, F. Javier Sanchez, Antoni Rosell, & Debora Gil. (2012). An illumination model of the trachea appearance in videobronchoscopy images. In Image Analysis and Recognition (Vol. 7325, pp. 313–320). LNCS. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Abstract: Videobronchoscopy is a medical imaging technique that allows interactive navigation inside the respiratory pathways. This imaging modality provides realistic images and allows non-invasive minimal intervention procedures. Tracheal procedures are routinary interventions that require assessment of the percentage of obstructed pathway for injury (stenosis) detection. Visual assessment in videobronchoscopic sequences requires high expertise of trachea anatomy and is prone to human error.
This paper introduces an automatic method for the estimation of steneosed trachea percentage reduction in videobronchoscopic images. We look for tracheal rings , whose deformation determines the degree of obstruction. For ring extraction , we present a ring detector based on an illumination and appearance model. This model allows us to parametrise the ring detection. Finally, we can infer optimal estimation parameters for any video resolution.
Keywords: Bronchoscopy, tracheal ring, stenosis assesment, trachea appearance model, segmentation
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Fernando Vilariño. (2006). A Machine Learning Approach for Intestinal Motility Assessment with Capsule Endoscopy (Petia Radeva, Ed.). Ph.D. thesis, , .
Abstract: Intestinal motility assessment with video capsule endoscopy arises as a novel and challenging clinical fieldwork. This technique is based on the analysis of the patterns of intestinal contractions obtained by labelling all the motility events present in a video provided by a capsule with a wireless micro-camera, which is ingested by the patient. However, the visual analysis of these video sequences presents several im- portant drawbacks, mainly related to both the large amount of time needed for the visualization process, and the low prevalence of intestinal contractions in video.
In this work we propose a machine learning system to automatically detect the intestinal contractions in video capsule endoscopy, driving a very useful but not fea- sible clinical routine into a feasible clinical procedure. Our proposal is divided into two different parts: The first part tackles the problem of the automatic detection of phasic contractions in capsule endoscopy videos. Phasic contractions are dynamic events spanning about 4-5 seconds, which show visual patterns with a high variability. Our proposal is based on a sequential design which involves the analysis of textural, color and blob features with powerful classifiers such as SVM. This approach appears to cope with two basic aims: the reduction of the imbalance rate of the data set, and the modular construction of the system, which adds the capability of including domain knowledge as new stages in the cascade. The second part of the current work tackles the problem of the automatic detection of tonic contractions. Tonic contrac- tions manifest in capsule endoscopy as a sustained pattern of the folds and wrinkles of the intestine, which may be prolonged for an undetermined span of time. Our proposal is based on the analysis of the wrinkle patterns, presenting a comparative study of diverse features and classification methods, and providing a set of appro- priate descriptors for their characterization. We provide a detailed analysis of the performance achieved by our system both in a qualitative and a quantitative way.
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Jorge Bernal. (2012). Polyp Localization and Segmentation in Colonoscopy Images by Means of a Model of Appearance for Polyps (F. Javier Sanchez, & Fernando Vilariño, Eds.). Ph.D. thesis, Ediciones Graficas Rey, .
Abstract: Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide and its survival rate depends on the stage in which it is detected on hence the necessity for an early colon screening. There are several screening techniques but colonoscopy is still nowadays the gold standard, although it has some drawbacks such as the miss rate. Our contribution, in the field of intelligent systems for colonoscopy, aims at providing a polyp localization and a polyp segmentation system based on a model of appearance for polyps. To develop both methods we define a model of appearance for polyps, which describes a polyp as enclosed by intensity valleys. The novelty of our contribution resides on the fact that we include in our model aspects of the image formation and we also consider the presence of other elements from the endoluminal scene such as specular highlights and blood vessels, which have an impact on the performance of our methods. In order to develop our polyp localization method we accumulate valley information in order to generate energy maps, which are also used to guide the polyp segmentation. Our methods achieve promising results in polyp localization and segmentation. As we want to explore the usability of our methods we present a comparative analysis between physicians fixations obtained via an eye tracking device and our polyp localization method. The results show that our method is indistinguishable to novice physicians although it is far from expert physicians.
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Fernando Vilariño, Panagiota Spyridonos, Jordi Vitria, Fernando Azpiroz, & Petia Radeva. (2006). Cascade analysis for intestinal contraction detection. In 20th International Congress and exhibition Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery (pp. 9–10).
Abstract: In this work, we address the study of intestinal contractions in a novel approach based on a machine learning framework to process data from Wireless Capsule Video Endoscopy. Wireless endoscopy represents a unique way to visualize the intestine motility by creating long videos to visualize intestine dynamics. In this paper we argue that to analyze huge amount of wireless endoscopy data and define robust methods for contraction detection we should base our approach on sophisticated machine learning techniques. In particular, we propose a cascade of classifiers in order to remove different physiological phenomenon and obtain the motility pattern of small intestines. Our results show obtaining high specificity and sensitivity rates that highlight the high efficiency of the selected approach and support the feasibility of the proposed methodology in the automatic detection and analysis of intestine contractions.
Keywords: intestine video analysis, anisotropic features, support vector machine, cascade of classifiers
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Fernando Vilariño, Panagiota Spyridonos, Jordi Vitria, Fernando Azpiroz, & Petia Radeva. (2006). Automatic Detection of Intestinal Juices in Wireless Capsule Video Endoscopy. In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (Vol. 4, pp. 719–722).
Abstract: Wireless capsule video endoscopy is a novel and challenging clinical technique, whose major reported drawback relates to the high amount of time needed for video visualization. In this paper, we propose a method for the rejection of the parts of the video resulting not valid for analysis by means of automatic detection of intestinal juices. We applied Gabor filters for the characterization of the bubble-like shape of intestinal juices in fasting patients. Our method achieves a significant reduction in visualization time, with no relevant loss of valid frames. The proposed approach is easily extensible to other image analysis scenarios where the described pattern of bubbles can be found.
Keywords: Clinical diagnosis , Endoscopes , Fluids and secretions , Gabor filters , Hospitals , Image sequence analysis , Intestines , Lighting , Shape , Visualization
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Jorge Bernal, F. Javier Sanchez, & Fernando Vilariño. (2010). Reduction of Pattern Search Area in Colonoscopy Images by Merging Non-Informative Regions. In 28th Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica.
Abstract: One of the first usual steps in pattern recognition schemas is image segmentation, in order to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and manage smaller quantity of data. In our case as we are pursuing real-time colon cancer polyp detection, this step is crucial. In this paper we present a non-informative region estimation algorithm that will let us discard some parts of the image where we will not expect to find colon cancer polyps. The performance of our approach will be measured in terms of both non-informative areas elimination and polyps’ areas preserving. The results obtained show the importance of having correct non- informative region estimation in order to fasten the whole recognition process.
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Jorge Bernal, F. Javier Sanchez, & Fernando Vilariño. (2011). Current Challenges on Polyp Detection in Colonoscopy Videos: From Region Segmentation to Region Classification. a Pattern Recognition-based Approach.ased Approach. In K. Djemal (Ed.), 2nd International Workshop on Medical Image Analysis and Descriptionfor Diagnosis Systems (pp. 62–71). SciTePress.
Abstract: In this paper we present our approach on real-time polyp detection in colonoscopy videos. Our method consists of three stages: Image Segmentation, Region Description and Image Classification. Taking into account the constraints of our project, we introduce our segmentation system that is based on the model of appearance of the polyp that we have defined after observing real videos from colonoscopy processes. The output of this stage will ideally be a low number of regions of which one of them should cover the whole polyp region (if there is one in the image). This regions will be described in terms of features and, as a result of a machine learning schema, classified based on the values that they have for the several features that we will use on their description. Although we are still on the early stages of the project, we present some preliminary segmentation results that indicates that we are going in a good direction.
Keywords: Medical Imaging, Colonoscopy, Pattern Recognition, Segmentation, Polyp Detection, Region Description, Machine Learning, Real-time.
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Jorge Bernal, F. Javier Sanchez, & Fernando Vilariño. (2011). A Region Segmentation Method for Colonoscopy Images Using a Model of Polyp Appearance. In Mario João and Hernández J. and S. Vitrià (Ed.), 5th Iberian Conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis (Vol. 6669, pp. 134–143 ). LNCS.
Abstract: This work aims at the segmentation of colonoscopy images into a minimum number of informative regions. Our method performs in a way such, if a polyp is present in the image, it will be exclusively and totally contained in a single region. This result can be used in later stages to classify regions as polyp-containing candidates. The output of the algorithm also defines which regions can be considered as non-informative. The algorithm starts with a high number of initial regions and merges them taking into account the model of polyp appearance obtained from available data. The results show that our segmentations of polyp regions are more accurate than state-of-the-art methods.
Keywords: Colonoscopy, Polyp Detection, Region Merging, Region Segmentation.
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Jorge Bernal, F. Javier Sanchez, & Fernando Vilariño. (2011). Integration of Valley Orientation Distribution for Polyp Region Identification in Colonoscopy. In In MICCAI 2011 Workshop on Computational and Clinical Applications in Abdominal Imaging (Vol. 6668, pp. 76–83). Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Link.
Abstract: This work presents a region descriptor based on the integration of the information that the depth of valleys image provides. The depth of valleys image is based on the presence of intensity valleys around polyps due to the image acquisition. Our proposed method consists of defining, for each point, a series of radial sectors around it and then accumulates the maxima of the depth of valleys image only if the orientation of the intensity valley coincides with the orientation of the sector above. We apply our descriptor to a prior segmentation of the images and we present promising results on polyp detection, outperforming other approaches that also integrate depth of valleys information.
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Jorge Bernal, F. Javier Sanchez, & Fernando Vilariño. (2011). Depth of Valleys Accumulation Algorithm for Object Detection. In 14th Congrès Català en Intel·ligencia Artificial (Vol. 1, pp. 71–80).
Abstract: This work aims at detecting in which regions the objects in the image are by using information about the intensity of valleys, which appear to surround ob- jects in images where the source of light is in the line of direction than the camera. We present our depth of valleys accumulation method, which consists of two stages: first, the definition of the depth of valleys image which combines the output of a ridges and valleys detector with the morphological gradient to measure how deep is a point inside a valley and second, an algorithm that denotes points of the image as interior to objects those which are inside complete or incomplete boundaries in the depth of valleys image. To evaluate the performance of our method we have tested it on several application domains. Our results on object region identification are promising, specially in the field of polyp detection in colonoscopy videos, and we also show its applicability in different areas.
Keywords: Object Recognition, Object Region Identification, Image Analysis, Image Processing
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