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Author |
Debora Gil; David Roche; Agnes Borras; Jesus Giraldo |
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Title |
Terminating Evolutionary Algorithms at their Steady State |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Computational Optimization and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
COA |
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Volume |
61 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
489-515 |
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Keywords |
Evolutionary algorithms; Termination condition; Steady state; Differential evolution |
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Abstract |
Assessing the reliability of termination conditions for evolutionary algorithms (EAs) is of prime importance. An erroneous or weak stop criterion can negatively affect both the computational effort and the final result. We introduce a statistical framework for assessing whether a termination condition is able to stop an EA at its steady state, so that its results can not be improved anymore. We use a regression model in order to determine the requirements ensuring that a measure derived from EA evolving population is related to the distance to the optimum in decision variable space. Our framework is analyzed across 24 benchmark test functions and two standard termination criteria based on function fitness value in objective function space and EA population decision variable space distribution for the differential evolution (DE) paradigm. Results validate our framework as a powerful tool for determining the capability of a measure for terminating EA and the results also identify the decision variable space distribution as the best-suited for accurately terminating DE in real-world applications. |
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Springer US |
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0926-6003 |
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IAM; 600.044; 605.203; 600.060; 600.075 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GRB2015 |
Serial |
2560 |
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Author |
Onur Ferhat; Arcadi Llanza; Fernando Vilariño |
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Title |
A Feature-Based Gaze Estimation Algorithm for Natural Light Scenarios |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Proceedings of 7th Iberian Conference , ibPRIA 2015 |
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Volume |
9117 |
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Pages |
569-576 |
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Keywords |
Eye tracking; Gaze estimation; Natural light; Webcam |
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We present an eye tracking system that works with regular webcams. We base our work on open source CVC Eye Tracker [7] and we propose a number of improvements and a novel gaze estimation method. The new method uses features extracted from iris segmentation and it does not fall into the traditional categorization of appearance–based/model–based methods. Our experiments show that our approach reduces the gaze estimation errors by 34 % in the horizontal direction and by 12 % in the vertical direction compared to the baseline system. |
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Santiago de Compostela; June 2015 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-319-19389-2 |
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IbPRIA |
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MV;SIAI |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ FLV2015a |
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2646 |
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Author |
David Sanchez-Mendoza; David Masip; Agata Lapedriza |
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Title |
Emotion recognition from mid-level features |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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Volume |
67 |
Issue |
Part 1 |
Pages |
66–74 |
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Keywords |
Facial expression; Emotion recognition; Action units; Computer vision |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present a study on the use of Action Units as mid-level features for automatically recognizing basic and subtle emotions. We propose a representation model based on mid-level facial muscular movement features. We encode these movements dynamically using the Facial Action Coding System, and propose to use these intermediate features based on Action Units (AUs) to classify emotions. AUs activations are detected fusing a set of spatiotemporal geometric and appearance features. The algorithm is validated in two applications: (i) the recognition of 7 basic emotions using the publicly available Cohn-Kanade database, and (ii) the inference of subtle emotional cues in the Newscast database. In this second scenario, we consider emotions that are perceived cumulatively in longer periods of time. In particular, we Automatically classify whether video shoots from public News TV channels refer to Good or Bad news. To deal with the different video lengths we propose a Histogram of Action Units and compute it using a sliding window strategy on the frame sequences. Our approach achieves accuracies close to human perception. |
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Elsevier B.V. |
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0167-8655 |
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OR;MV |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SML2015 |
Serial |
2746 |
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Author |
Antoni Gurgui; Debora Gil; Enric Marti |
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Title |
Laplacian Unitary Domain for Texture Morphing |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications VISIGRAPP2015 |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
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Pages |
693-699 |
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Keywords |
Facial; metamorphosis;LaplacianMorphing |
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Abstract |
Deformation of expressive textures is the gateway to realistic computer synthesis of expressions. By their good mathematical properties and flexible formulation on irregular meshes, most texture mappings rely on solutions to the Laplacian in the cartesian space. In the context of facial expression morphing, this approximation can be seen from the opposite point of view by neglecting the metric. In this paper, we use the properties of the Laplacian in manifolds to present a novel approach to warping expressive facial images in order to generate a morphing between them. |
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Munich; Germany; February 2015 |
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SciTePress |
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978-989-758-089-5 |
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VISAPP |
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Notes |
IAM; 600.075 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ GGM2015 |
Serial |
2614 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes; Anjan Dutta |
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Title |
Large-scale Graph Indexing using Binary Embeddings of Node Contexts |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
10th IAPR-TC15 Workshop on Graph-based Representations in Pattern Recognition |
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Volume |
9069 |
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Pages |
208-217 |
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Keywords |
Graph matching; Graph indexing; Application in document analysis; Word spotting; Binary embedding |
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Abstract |
Graph-based representations are experiencing a growing usage in visual recognition and retrieval due to their representational power in front of classical appearance-based representations in terms of feature vectors. Retrieving a query graph from a large dataset of graphs has the drawback of the high computational complexity required to compare the query and the target graphs. The most important property for a large-scale retrieval is the search time complexity to be sub-linear in the number of database examples. In this paper we propose a fast indexation formalism for graph retrieval. A binary embedding is defined as hashing keys for graph nodes. Given a database of labeled graphs, graph nodes are complemented with vectors of attributes representing their local context. Hence, each attribute counts the length of a walk of order k originated in a vertex with label l. Each attribute vector is converted to a binary code applying a binary-valued hash function. Therefore, graph retrieval is formulated in terms of finding target graphs in the database whose nodes have a small Hamming distance from the query nodes, easily computed with bitwise logical operators. As an application example, we validate the performance of the proposed methods in a handwritten word spotting scenario in images of historical documents. |
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Beijing; China; May 2015 |
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Springer International Publishing |
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C.-L.Liu; B.Luo; W.G.Kropatsch; J.Cheng |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-319-18223-0 |
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GbRPR |
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Notes |
DAG; 600.061; 602.006; 600.077 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ RLF2015a |
Serial |
2618 |
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Author |
Naveen Onkarappa; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Synthetic sequences and ground-truth flow field generation for algorithm validation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Multimedia Tools and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
MTAP |
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Volume |
74 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
3121-3135 |
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Keywords |
Ground-truth optical flow; Synthetic sequence; Algorithm validation |
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Abstract |
Research in computer vision is advancing by the availability of good datasets that help to improve algorithms, validate results and obtain comparative analysis. The datasets can be real or synthetic. For some of the computer vision problems such as optical flow it is not possible to obtain ground-truth optical flow with high accuracy in natural outdoor real scenarios directly by any sensor, although it is possible to obtain ground-truth data of real scenarios in a laboratory setup with limited motion. In this difficult situation computer graphics offers a viable option for creating realistic virtual scenarios. In the current work we present a framework to design virtual scenes and generate sequences as well as ground-truth flow fields. Particularly, we generate a dataset containing sequences of driving scenarios. The sequences in the dataset vary in different speeds of the on-board vision system, different road textures, complex motion of vehicle and independent moving vehicles in the scene. This dataset enables analyzing and adaptation of existing optical flow methods, and leads to invention of new approaches particularly for driver assistance systems. |
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Springer US |
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1380-7501 |
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ADAS; 600.055; 601.215; 600.076 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ OnS2014b |
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2472 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol; David Aldavert; Ricardo Toledo; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
545–555 |
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Historical documents; Keyword spotting; Segmentation-free; Dense SIFT features; Latent semantic analysis; Product quantization |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present an efficient segmentation-free word spotting method, applied in the context of historical document collections, that follows the query-by-example paradigm. We use a patch-based framework where local patches are described by a bag-of-visual-words model powered by SIFT descriptors. By projecting the patch descriptors to a topic space with the latent semantic analysis technique and compressing the descriptors with the product quantization method, we are able to efficiently index the document information both in terms of memory and time. The proposed method is evaluated using four different collections of historical documents achieving good performances on both handwritten and typewritten scenarios. The yielded performances outperform the recent state-of-the-art keyword spotting approaches. |
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DAG; ADAS; 600.076; 600.077; 600.061; 601.223; 602.006; 600.055 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RAT2015a |
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2544 |
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Author |
Daniel Sanchez; Miguel Angel Bautista; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
HuPBA 8k+: Dataset and ECOC-GraphCut based Segmentation of Human Limbs |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Neurocomputing |
Abbreviated Journal |
NEUCOM |
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150 |
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A |
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173–188 |
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Human limb segmentation; ECOC; Graph-Cuts |
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Human multi-limb segmentation in RGB images has attracted a lot of interest in the research community because of the huge amount of possible applications in fields like Human-Computer Interaction, Surveillance, eHealth, or Gaming. Nevertheless, human multi-limb segmentation is a very hard task because of the changes in appearance produced by different points of view, clothing, lighting conditions, occlusions, and number of articulations of the human body. Furthermore, this huge pose variability makes the availability of large annotated datasets difficult. In this paper, we introduce the HuPBA8k+ dataset. The dataset contains more than 8000 labeled frames at pixel precision, including more than 120000 manually labeled samples of 14 different limbs. For completeness, the dataset is also labeled at frame-level with action annotations drawn from an 11 action dictionary which includes both single person actions and person-person interactive actions. Furthermore, we also propose a two-stage approach for the segmentation of human limbs. In a first stage, human limbs are trained using cascades of classifiers to be split in a tree-structure way, which is included in an Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) framework to define a body-like probability map. This map is used to obtain a binary mask of the subject by means of GMM color modelling and GraphCuts theory. In a second stage, we embed a similar tree-structure in an ECOC framework to build a more accurate set of limb-like probability maps within the segmented user mask, that are fed to a multi-label GraphCut procedure to obtain final multi-limb segmentation. The methodology is tested on the novel HuPBA8k+ dataset, showing performance improvements in comparison to state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, a baseline of standard action recognition methods for the 11 actions categories of the novel dataset is also provided. |
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HuPBA;MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SBE2015 |
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2552 |
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Author |
Jorge Bernal; F. Javier Sanchez; Cristina Rodriguez de Miguel; Gloria Fernandez Esparrach |
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Title |
Bulding up the future of colonoscopy: A synergy between clinicians and computer scientists |
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Book Chapter |
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2015 |
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Colonoscopy and Colorectal Cancer |
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Intelligent systems; Image properties; Validation; Clinical drawbacks; Endoluminal scene description |
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Recent advances in endoscopic technology have generated an increasing interest in strengthening the collaboration between clinicians and computers scientist to develop intelligent systems that can provide additional information to clinicians in the different stages of an intervention. The objective of this chapter is to identify clinical drawbacks of colonoscopy in order to define potential areas of collaboration. Once areas are defined, we present the challenges that colonoscopy images present in order computational methods to provide with meaningful output, including those related to image formation and acquisition, as they are proven to have an impact in the performance of an intelligent system. Finally, we also propose how to define validation frameworks in order to assess the performance of a given method, making an special emphasis on how databases should be created and annotated and which metrics should be used to evaluate systems correctly. |
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978-953-51-2225-8 |
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MV |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ BSR2015 |
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2624 |
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Author |
Miguel Oliveira; Victor Santos; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Multimodal Inverse Perspective Mapping |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Information Fusion |
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IF |
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24 |
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108–121 |
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Inverse perspective mapping; Multimodal sensor fusion; Intelligent vehicles |
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Over the past years, inverse perspective mapping has been successfully applied to several problems in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems. In brief, the method consists of mapping images to a new coordinate system where perspective effects are removed. The removal of perspective associated effects facilitates road and obstacle detection and also assists in free space estimation. There is, however, a significant limitation in the inverse perspective mapping: the presence of obstacles on the road disrupts the effectiveness of the mapping. The current paper proposes a robust solution based on the use of multimodal sensor fusion. Data from a laser range finder is fused with images from the cameras, so that the mapping is not computed in the regions where obstacles are present. As shown in the results, this considerably improves the effectiveness of the algorithm and reduces computation time when compared with the classical inverse perspective mapping. Furthermore, the proposed approach is also able to cope with several cameras with different lenses or image resolutions, as well as dynamic viewpoints. |
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ADAS; 600.055; 600.076 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ OSS2015c |
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2532 |
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Author |
Lluis Garrido; M.Guerrieri; Laura Igual |
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Title |
Image Segmentation with Cage Active Contours |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
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IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
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TIP |
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24 |
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12 |
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5557 - 5566 |
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Level sets; Mean value coordinates; Parametrized active contours; level sets; mean value coordinates |
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In this paper, we present a framework for image segmentation based on parametrized active contours. The evolving contour is parametrized according to a reduced set of control points that form a closed polygon and have a clear visual interpretation. The parametrization, called mean value coordinates, stems from the techniques used in computer graphics to animate virtual models. Our framework allows to easily formulate region-based energies to segment an image. In particular, we present three different local region-based energy terms: 1) the mean model; 2) the Gaussian model; 3) and the histogram model. We show the behavior of our method on synthetic and real images and compare the performance with state-of-the-art level set methods. |
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1057-7149 |
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MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ GGI2015 |
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2673 |
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Author |
G.Blasco; Simone Balocco; J.Puig; J.Sanchez-Gonzalez; W.Ricart; J.Daunis-I-Estadella; X.Molina; S.Pedraza; J.M.Fernandez-Real |
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Carotid pulse wave velocity by magnetic resonance imaging is increased in middle-aged subjects with the metabolic syndrome |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging |
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ICJI |
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31 |
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3 |
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603-612 |
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Metabolic syndrome; Arterial stiffness; Pulse wave velocity; Carotid artery; Magnetic resonance |
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Arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV), an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, physiologically increases with age; however, growing evidence suggests metabolic syndrome (MetS) accelerates this increase. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables reliable noninvasive assessment of arterial stiffness by measuring arterial PWV in specific vascular segments. We investigated the association between the presence of MetS and its components with carotid PWV (cPWV) in asymptomatic subjects without diabetes. We assessed cPWV by MRI in 61 individuals (mean age, 55.3 ± 14.1 years; median age, 55 years): 30 with MetS and 31 controls with similar age, sex, body mass index, and LDL-cholesterol levels. The study population was dichotomized by the median age. To remove the physiological association between PWV and age, unpaired t tests and multiple regression analyses were performed using the residuals of the regression between PWV and age. cPWV was higher in middle-aged subjects with MetS than in those without (p = 0.001), but no differences were found in elder subjects (p = 0.313). cPWV was associated with diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.276, p = 0.033) and waist circumference (r = 0.268, p = 0.038). The presence of MetS was associated with increased cPWV regardless of age, sex, blood pressure, and waist (p = 0.007). The MetS components contributing independently to an increased cPWV were hypertension (p = 0.018) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.002). The presence of MetS is associated with an increased cPWV in middle-aged subjects. In particular, hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia may contribute to early progression of carotid stiffness. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1569-5794 |
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Conference |
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Notes |
MILAB |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BBP2015 |
Serial |
2670 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
J.Poujol; Cristhian A. Aguilera-Carrasco; E.Danos; Boris X. Vintimilla; Ricardo Toledo; Angel Sappa |
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Title |
Visible-Thermal Fusion based Monocular Visual Odometry |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
2nd Iberian Robotics Conference ROBOT2015 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
417 |
Issue |
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Pages |
517-528 |
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Keywords |
Monocular Visual Odometry; LWIR-RGB cross-spectral Imaging; Image Fusion. |
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Abstract |
The manuscript evaluates the performance of a monocular visual odometry approach when images from different spectra are considered, both independently and fused. The objective behind this evaluation is to analyze if classical approaches can be improved when the given images, which are from different spectra, are fused and represented in new domains. The images in these new domains should have some of the following properties: i) more robust to noisy data; ii) less sensitive to changes (e.g., lighting); iii) more rich in descriptive information, among other. In particular in the current work two different image fusion strategies are considered. Firstly, images from the visible and thermal spectrum are fused using a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approach. Secondly, a monochrome threshold strategy is considered. The obtained
representations are evaluated under a visual odometry framework, highlighting
their advantages and disadvantages, using different urban and semi-urban scenarios. Comparisons with both monocular-visible spectrum and monocular-infrared spectrum, are also provided showing the validity of the proposed approach. |
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Address |
Lisboa; Portugal; November 2015 |
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Publisher |
Springer International Publishing |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2194-5357 |
ISBN |
978-3-319-27145-3 |
Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
ROBOT |
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Notes |
ADAS; 600.076; 600.086 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ PAD2015 |
Serial |
2663 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jaume Amores |
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Title |
MILDE: multiple instance learning by discriminative embedding |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Knowledge and Information Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
KAIS |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
381-407 |
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Keywords |
Multi-instance learning; Codebook; Bag of words |
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Abstract |
While the objective of the standard supervised learning problem is to classify feature vectors, in the multiple instance learning problem, the objective is to classify bags, where each bag contains multiple feature vectors. This represents a generalization of the standard problem, and this generalization becomes necessary in many real applications such as drug activity prediction, content-based image retrieval, and others. While the existing paradigms are based on learning the discriminant information either at the instance level or at the bag level, we propose to incorporate both levels of information. This is done by defining a discriminative embedding of the original space based on the responses of cluster-adapted instance classifiers. Results clearly show the advantage of the proposed method over the state of the art, where we tested the performance through a variety of well-known databases that come from real problems, and we also included an analysis of the performance using synthetically generated data. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
Springer London |
Place of Publication |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0219-1377 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
ADAS; 601.042; 600.057; 600.076 |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ Amo2015 |
Serial |
2383 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mohammad Ali Bagheri; Qigang Gao; Sergio Escalera |
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Title |
Combining Local and Global Learners in the Pairwise Multiclass Classification |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Pattern Analysis and Applications |
Abbreviated Journal |
PAA |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
845-860 |
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Keywords |
Multiclass classification; Pairwise approach; One-versus-one |
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Abstract |
Pairwise classification is a well-known class binarization technique that converts a multiclass problem into a number of two-class problems, one problem for each pair of classes. However, in the pairwise technique, nuisance votes of many irrelevant classifiers may result in a wrong class prediction. To overcome this problem, a simple, but efficient method is proposed and evaluated in this paper. The proposed method is based on excluding some classes and focusing on the most probable classes in the neighborhood space, named Local Crossing Off (LCO). This procedure is performed by employing a modified version of standard K-nearest neighbor and large margin nearest neighbor algorithms. The LCO method takes advantage of nearest neighbor classification algorithm because of its local learning behavior as well as the global behavior of powerful binary classifiers to discriminate between two classes. Combining these two properties in the proposed LCO technique will avoid the weaknesses of each method and will increase the efficiency of the whole classification system. On several benchmark datasets of varying size and difficulty, we found that the LCO approach leads to significant improvements using different base learners. The experimental results show that the proposed technique not only achieves better classification accuracy in comparison to other standard approaches, but also is computationally more efficient for tackling classification problems which have a relatively large number of target classes. |
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Publisher |
Springer London |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1433-7541 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
HuPBA;MILAB |
Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Admin @ si @ BGE2014 |
Serial |
2441 |
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Permanent link to this record |