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Soumick Chatterjee; Fatima Saad; Chompunuch Sarasaen; Suhita Ghosh; Rupali Khatun; Petia Radeva; Georg Rose; Sebastian Stober; Oliver Speck; Andreas Nürnberger |
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Title |
Exploration of Interpretability Techniques for Deep COVID-19 Classification using Chest X-ray Images |
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2020 |
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Arxiv |
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CoRR abs/2006.02570
The outbreak of COVID-19 has shocked the entire world with its fairly rapid spread and has challenged different sectors. One of the most effective ways to limit its spread is the early and accurate diagnosis of infected patients. Medical imaging such as X-ray and Computed Tomography (CT) combined with the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays an essential role in supporting the medical staff in the diagnosis process. Thereby, the use of five different deep learning models (ResNet18, ResNet34, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, and DenseNet161) and their Ensemble have been used in this paper, to classify COVID-19, pneumoniæ and healthy subjects using Chest X-Ray. Multi-label classification was performed to predict multiple pathologies for each patient, if present. Foremost, the interpretability of each of the networks was thoroughly studied using techniques like occlusion, saliency, input X gradient, guided backpropagation, integrated gradients, and DeepLIFT. The mean Micro-F1 score of the models for COVID-19 classifications ranges from 0.66 to 0.875, and is 0.89 for the Ensemble of the network models. The qualitative results depicted the ResNets to be the most interpretable model. |
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Admin @ si @ CSS2020 |
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3534 |
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Author |
Estefania Talavera; Andreea Glavan; Alina Matei; Petia Radeva |
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Title |
Eating Habits Discovery in Egocentric Photo-streams |
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2020 |
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CoRR abs/2009.07646
Eating habits are learned throughout the early stages of our lives. However, it is not easy to be aware of how our food-related routine affects our healthy living. In this work, we address the unsupervised discovery of nutritional habits from egocentric photo-streams. We build a food-related behavioural pattern discovery model, which discloses nutritional routines from the activities performed throughout the days. To do so, we rely on Dynamic-Time-Warping for the evaluation of similarity among the collected days. Within this framework, we present a simple, but robust and fast novel classification pipeline that outperforms the state-of-the-art on food-related image classification with a weighted accuracy and F-score of 70% and 63%, respectively. Later, we identify days composed of nutritional activities that do not describe the habits of the person as anomalies in the daily life of the user with the Isolation Forest method. Furthermore, we show an application for the identification of food-related scenes when the camera wearer eats in isolation. Results have shown the good performance of the proposed model and its relevance to visualize the nutritional habits of individuals. |
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Admin @ si @ TGM2020 |
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3536 |
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Shiqi Yang; Yaxing Wang; Joost Van de Weijer; Luis Herranz |
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Title |
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation without Source Data by Casting a BAIT |
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2020 |
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arXiv:2010.12427
Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to transfer the knowledge learned from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. Existing UDA methods require access to source data during adaptation, which may not be feasible in some real-world applications. In this paper, we address the source-free unsupervised domain adaptation (SFUDA) problem, where only the source model is available during the adaptation. We propose a method named BAIT to address SFUDA. Specifically, given only the source model, with the source classifier head fixed, we introduce a new learnable classifier. When adapting to the target domain, class prototypes of the new added classifier will act as a bait. They will first approach the target features which deviate from prototypes of the source classifier due to domain shift. Then those target features are pulled towards the corresponding prototypes of the source classifier, thus achieving feature alignment with the source classifier in the absence of source data. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on several benchmark datasets compared with existing UDA and SFUDA methods. |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ YWW2020 |
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3539 |
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Author |
Shiqi Yang; Kai Wang; Luis Herranz; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Simple and effective localized attribute representations for zero-shot learning |
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2020 |
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Arxiv |
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arXiv:2006.05938
Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to discriminate images from unseen classes by exploiting relations to seen classes via their semantic descriptions. Some recent papers have shown the importance of localized features together with fine-tuning the feature extractor to obtain discriminative and transferable features. However, these methods require complex attention or part detection modules to perform explicit localization in the visual space. In contrast, in this paper we propose localizing representations in the semantic/attribute space, with a simple but effective pipeline where localization is implicit. Focusing on attribute representations, we show that our method obtains state-of-the-art performance on CUB and SUN datasets, and also achieves competitive results on AWA2 dataset, outperforming generally more complex methods with explicit localization in the visual space. Our method can be implemented easily, which can be used as a new baseline for zero shot-learning. In addition, our localized representations are highly interpretable as attribute-specific heatmaps. |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ YWH2020 |
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3542 |
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Author |
Mikel Menta; Adriana Romero; Joost Van de Weijer |
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Title |
Learning to adapt class-specific features across domains for semantic segmentation |
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2020 |
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Arxiv |
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arXiv:2001.08311
Recent advances in unsupervised domain adaptation have shown the effectiveness of adversarial training to adapt features across domains, endowing neural networks with the capability of being tested on a target domain without requiring any training annotations in this domain. The great majority of existing domain adaptation models rely on image translation networks, which often contain a huge amount of domain-specific parameters. Additionally, the feature adaptation step often happens globally, at a coarse level, hindering its applicability to tasks such as semantic segmentation, where details are of crucial importance to provide sharp results. In this thesis, we present a novel architecture, which learns to adapt features across domains by taking into account per class information. To that aim, we design a conditional pixel-wise discriminator network, whose output is conditioned on the segmentation masks. Moreover, following recent advances in image translation, we adopt the recently introduced StarGAN architecture as image translation backbone, since it is able to perform translations across multiple domains by means of a single generator network. Preliminary results on a segmentation task designed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach highlight the potential of the model, improving upon strong baselines and alternative designs. |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MRW2020 |
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3545 |
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Author |
Giovanni Maria Farinella; Petia Radeva; Jose Braz |
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Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications |
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2020 |
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Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications; VISIGRAPP 2020 |
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4 |
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MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ FRB2020a |
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3546 |
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Author |
Giovanni Maria Farinella; Petia Radeva; Jose Braz |
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Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications |
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2020 |
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Proceedings of the 15th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision; Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications; VISIGRAPP 2020 |
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5 |
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MILAB |
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Admin @ si @ FRB2020b |
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3547 |
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Author |
Idoia Ruiz; Joan Serrat |
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Title |
Rank-based ordinal classification |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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8069-8076 |
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Differently from the regular classification task, in ordinal classification there is an order in the classes. As a consequence not all classification errors matter the same: a predicted class close to the groundtruth one is better than predicting a farther away class. To account for this, most previous works employ loss functions based on the absolute difference between the predicted and groundtruth class labels. We argue that there are many cases in ordinal classification where label values are arbitrary (for instance 1. . . C, being C the number of classes) and thus such loss functions may not be the best choice. We instead propose a network architecture that produces not a single class prediction but an ordered vector, or ranking, of all the possible classes from most to least likely. This is thanks to a loss function that compares groundtruth and predicted rankings of these class labels, not the labels themselves. Another advantage of this new formulation is that we can enforce consistency in the predictions, namely, predicted rankings come from some unimodal vector of scores with mode at the groundtruth class. We compare with the state of the art ordinal classification methods, showing
that ours attains equal or better performance, as measured by common ordinal classification metrics, on three benchmark datasets. Furthermore, it is also suitable for a new task on image aesthetics assessment, i.e. most voted score prediction. Finally, we also apply it to building damage assessment from satellite images, providing an analysis of its performance depending on the degree of imbalance of the dataset. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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ADAS; 600.118; 600.124 |
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Admin @ si @ RuS2020 |
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3549 |
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Author |
Pau Riba; Andreas Fischer; Josep Llados; Alicia Fornes |
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Title |
Learning Graph Edit Distance by Graph NeuralNetworks |
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2020 |
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Arxiv |
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The emergence of geometric deep learning as a novel framework to deal with graph-based representations has faded away traditional approaches in favor of completely new methodologies. In this paper, we propose a new framework able to combine the advances on deep metric learning with traditional approximations of the graph edit distance. Hence, we propose an efficient graph distance based on the novel field of geometric deep learning. Our method employs a message passing neural network to capture the graph structure, and thus, leveraging this information for its use on a distance computation. The performance of the proposed graph distance is validated on two different scenarios. On the one hand, in a graph retrieval of handwritten words~\ie~keyword spotting, showing its superior performance when compared with (approximate) graph edit distance benchmarks. On the other hand, demonstrating competitive results for graph similarity learning when compared with the current state-of-the-art on a recent benchmark dataset. |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.140; 601.302 |
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Admin @ si @ RFL2020 |
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3555 |
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Author |
Klara Janousckova; Jiri Matas; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
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Title |
Text Recognition – Real World Data and Where to Find Them |
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Conference Article |
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2020 |
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25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition |
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4489-4496 |
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We present a method for exploiting weakly annotated images to improve text extraction pipelines. The approach uses an arbitrary end-to-end text recognition system to obtain text region proposals and their, possibly erroneous, transcriptions. The method includes matching of imprecise transcriptions to weak annotations and an edit distance guided neighbourhood search. It produces nearly error-free, localised instances of scene text, which we treat as “pseudo ground truth” (PGT). The method is applied to two weakly-annotated datasets. Training with the extracted PGT consistently improves the accuracy of a state of the art recognition model, by 3.7% on average, across different benchmark datasets (image domains) and 24.5% on one of the weakly annotated datasets 1 1 Acknowledgements. The authors were supported by Czech Technical University student grant SGS20/171/0HK3/3TJ13, the MEYS VVV project CZ.02.1.01/0.010.0J16 019/0000765 Research Center for Informatics, the Spanish Research project TIN2017-89779-P and the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya. |
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Virtual; January 2021 |
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DAG; 600.121; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ JMG2020 |
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3557 |
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Minesh Mathew; Ruben Tito; Dimosthenis Karatzas; R.Manmatha; C.V. Jawahar |
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Document Visual Question Answering Challenge 2020 |
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2020 |
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33rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition – Short paper |
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This paper presents results of Document Visual Question Answering Challenge organized as part of “Text and Documents in the Deep Learning Era” workshop, in CVPR 2020. The challenge introduces a new problem – Visual Question Answering on document images. The challenge comprised two tasks. The first task concerns with asking questions on a single document image. On the other hand, the second task is set as a retrieval task where the question is posed over a collection of images. For the task 1 a new dataset is introduced comprising 50,000 questions-answer(s) pairs defined over 12,767 document images. For task 2 another dataset has been created comprising 20 questions over 14,362 document images which share the same document template. |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ MTK2020 |
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3558 |
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Guillermo Torres; Debora Gil |
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A multi-shape loss function with adaptive class balancing for the segmentation of lung structures |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery |
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IJCAR |
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15 |
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1 |
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S154-55 |
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IAM |
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Admin @ si @ ToG2020 |
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3590 |
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Thomas B. Moeslund; Sergio Escalera; Gholamreza Anbarjafari; Kamal Nasrollahi; Jun Wan |
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Statistical Machine Learning for Human Behaviour Analysis |
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2020 |
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Entropy |
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ENTROPY |
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25 |
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5 |
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530 |
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action recognition; emotion recognition; privacy-aware |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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Admin @ si @ MEA2020 |
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3441 |
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Beata Megyesi; Bernhard Esslinger; Alicia Fornes; Nils Kopal; Benedek Lang; George Lasry; Karl de Leeuw; Eva Pettersson; Arno Wacker; Michelle Waldispuhl |
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Decryption of historical manuscripts: the DECRYPT project |
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2020 |
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Cryptologia |
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CRYPT |
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44 |
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6 |
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545-559 |
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automatic decryption; cipher collection; historical cryptology; image transcription |
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Many historians and linguists are working individually and in an uncoordinated fashion on the identification and decryption of historical ciphers. This is a time-consuming process as they often work without access to automatic methods and processes that can accelerate the decipherment. At the same time, computer scientists and cryptologists are developing algorithms to decrypt various cipher types without having access to a large number of original ciphertexts. In this paper, we describe the DECRYPT project aiming at the creation of resources and tools for historical cryptology by bringing the expertise of various disciplines together for collecting data, exchanging methods for faster progress to transcribe, decrypt and contextualize historical encrypted manuscripts. We present our goals and work-in progress of a general approach for analyzing historical encrypted manuscripts using standardized methods and a new set of state-of-the-art tools. We release the data and tools as open-source hoping that all mentioned disciplines would benefit and contribute to the research infrastructure of historical cryptology. |
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DAG; 600.140; 600.121 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MEF2020 |
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3347 |
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Author |
Zhengying Liu; Zhen Xu; Sergio Escalera; Isabelle Guyon; Julio C. S. Jacques Junior; Meysam Madadi; Adrien Pavao; Sebastien Treguer; Wei-Wei Tu |
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Towards automated computer vision: analysis of the AutoCV challenges 2019 |
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Journal Article |
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2020 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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135 |
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196-203 |
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Computer vision; AutoML; Deep learning |
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We present the results of recent challenges in Automated Computer Vision (AutoCV, renamed here for clarity AutoCV1 and AutoCV2, 2019), which are part of a series of challenge on Automated Deep Learning (AutoDL). These two competitions aim at searching for fully automated solutions for classification tasks in computer vision, with an emphasis on any-time performance. The first competition was limited to image classification while the second one included both images and videos. Our design imposed to the participants to submit their code on a challenge platform for blind testing on five datasets, both for training and testing, without any human intervention whatsoever. Winning solutions adopted deep learning techniques based on already published architectures, such as AutoAugment, MobileNet and ResNet, to reach state-of-the-art performance in the time budget of the challenge (only 20 minutes of GPU time). The novel contributions include strategies to deliver good preliminary results at any time during the learning process, such that a method can be stopped early and still deliver good performance. This feature is key for the adoption of such techniques by data analysts desiring to obtain rapidly preliminary results on large datasets and to speed up the development process. The soundness of our design was verified in several aspects: (1) Little overfitting of the on-line leaderboard providing feedback on 5 development datasets was observed, compared to the final blind testing on the 5 (separate) final test datasets, suggesting that winning solutions might generalize to other computer vision classification tasks; (2) Error bars on the winners’ performance allow us to say with confident that they performed significantly better than the baseline solutions we provided; (3) The ranking of participants according to the any-time metric we designed, namely the Area under the Learning Curve, was different from that of the fixed-time metric, i.e. AUC at the end of the fixed time budget. We released all winning solutions under open-source licenses. At the end of the AutoDL challenge series, all data of the challenge will be made publicly available, thus providing a collection of uniformly formatted datasets, which can serve to conduct further research, particularly on meta-learning. |
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HuPBA; no proj |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ LXE2020 |
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3427 |
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