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Author |
Jose Antonio Rodriguez; Florent Perronnin; Gemma Sanchez; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Unsupervised writer adaptation of whole-word HMMs with application to word-spotting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
PRL |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
742–749 |
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Keywords |
Word-spotting; Handwriting recognition; Writer adaptation; Hidden Markov model; Document analysis |
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Abstract |
In this paper we propose a novel approach for writer adaptation in a handwritten word-spotting task. The method exploits the fact that the semi-continuous hidden Markov model separates the word model parameters into (i) a codebook of shapes and (ii) a set of word-specific parameters.
Our main contribution is to employ this property to derive writer-specific word models by statistically adapting an initial universal codebook to each document. This process is unsupervised and does not even require the appearance of the keyword(s) in the searched document. Experimental results show an increase in performance when this adaptation technique is applied. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work dealing with adaptation for word-spotting. The preliminary version of this paper obtained an IBM Best Student Paper Award at the 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ RPS2010 |
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1290 |
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Author |
Xavier Otazu; C. Alejandro Parraga; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Towards a unified chromatic inducction model |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Vision |
Abbreviated Journal |
VSS |
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10 |
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12:5 |
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1-24 |
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Visual system; Color induction; Wavelet transform |
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In a previous work (X. Otazu, M. Vanrell, & C. A. Párraga, 2008b), we showed how several brightness induction effects can be predicted using a simple multiresolution wavelet model (BIWaM). Here we present a new model for chromatic induction processes (termed Chromatic Induction Wavelet Model or CIWaM), which is also implemented on a multiresolution framework and based on similar assumptions related to the spatial frequency and the contrast surround energy of the stimulus. The CIWaM can be interpreted as a very simple extension of the BIWaM to the chromatic channels, which in our case are defined in the MacLeod-Boynton (lsY) color space. This new model allows us to unify both chromatic assimilation and chromatic contrast effects in a single mathematical formulation. The predictions of the CIWaM were tested by means of several color and brightness induction experiments, which showed an acceptable agreement between model predictions and psychophysical data. |
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CIC |
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no |
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CAT @ cat @ OPV2010 |
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1450 |
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Author |
Ferran Diego; Jose Manuel Alvarez; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Vision-based road detection via on-line video registration |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
13th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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1135–1140 |
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video alignment; road detection |
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TB6.2
Road segmentation is an essential functionality for supporting advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) such as road following and vehicle and pedestrian detection. Significant efforts have been made in order to solve this task using vision-based techniques. The major challenge is to deal with lighting variations and the presence of objects on the road surface. In this paper, we propose a new road detection method to infer the areas of the image depicting road surfaces without performing any image segmentation. The idea is to previously segment manually or semi-automatically the road region in a traffic-free reference video record on a first drive. And then to transfer these regions to the frames of a second video sequence acquired later in a second drive through the same road, in an on-line manner. This is possible because we are able to automatically align the two videos in time and space, that is, to synchronize them and warp each frame of the first video to its corresponding frame in the second one. The geometric transform can thus transfer the road region to the present frame on-line. In order to reduce the different lighting conditions which are present in outdoor scenarios, our approach incorporates a shadowless feature space which represents an image in an illuminant-invariant feature space. Furthermore, we propose a dynamic background subtraction algorithm which removes the regions containing vehicles in the observed frames which are within the transferred road region. |
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Madeira Island (Portugal) |
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2153-0009 |
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978-1-4244-7657-2 |
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ITSC |
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ADAS |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ DAS2010 |
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1424 |
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Author |
Ferran Diego; Daniel Ponsa; Joan Serrat; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Vehicle geolocalization based on video synchronization |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
13th Annual International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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1511–1516 |
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video alignment |
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Abstract |
TC8.6
This paper proposes a novel method for estimating the geospatial localization of a vehicle. I uses as input a georeferenced video sequence recorded by a forward-facing camera attached to the windscreen. The core of the proposed method is an on-line video synchronization which finds out the corresponding frame in the georeferenced video sequence to the one recorded at each time by the camera on a second drive through the same track. Once found the corresponding frame in the georeferenced video sequence, we transfer its geospatial information of this frame. The key advantages of this method are: 1) the increase of the update rate and the geospatial accuracy with regard to a standard low-cost GPS and 2) the ability to localize a vehicle even when a GPS is not available or is not reliable enough, like in certain urban areas. Experimental results for an urban environments are presented, showing an average of relative accuracy of 1.5 meters. |
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Madeira Island (Portugal) |
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2153-0009 |
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978-1-4244-7657-2 |
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ITSC |
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ADAS |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ DPS2010 |
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1423 |
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Author |
Joan Mas; Josep Llados; Gemma Sanchez; J.A. Jorge |
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Title |
A syntactic approach based on distortion-tolerant Adjacency Grammars and a spatial-directed parser to interpret sketched diagrams |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Pattern Recognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
PR |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
4148–4164 |
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Syntactic Pattern Recognition; Symbol recognition; Diagram understanding; Sketched diagrams; Adjacency Grammars; Incremental parsing; Spatial directed parsing |
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This paper presents a syntactic approach based on Adjacency Grammars (AG) for sketch diagram modeling and understanding. Diagrams are a combination of graphical symbols arranged according to a set of spatial rules defined by a visual language. AG describe visual shapes by productions defined in terms of terminal and non-terminal symbols (graphical primitives and subshapes), and a set functions describing the spatial arrangements between symbols. Our approach to sketch diagram understanding provides three main contributions. First, since AG are linear grammars, there is a need to define shapes and relations inherently bidimensional using a sequential formalism. Second, our parsing approach uses an indexing structure based on a spatial tessellation. This serves to reduce the search space when finding candidates to produce a valid reduction. This allows order-free parsing of 2D visual sentences while keeping combinatorial explosion in check. Third, working with sketches requires a distortion model to cope with the natural variations of hand drawn strokes. To this end we extended the basic grammar with a distortion measure modeled on the allowable variation on spatial constraints associated with grammar productions. Finally, the paper reports on an experimental framework an interactive system for sketch analysis. User tests performed on two real scenarios show that our approach is usable in interactive settings. |
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Elsevier |
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DAG |
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no |
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DAG @ dag @ MLS2010 |
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1336 |
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Author |
Partha Pratim Roy; Umapada Pal; Josep Llados |
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Title |
Touching Text Character Localization in Graphical Documents using SIFT |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Graphics Recognition. Achievements, Challenges, and Evolution. 8th International Workshop, GREC 2009. Selected Papers |
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6020 |
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199-211 |
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Support Vector Machine; Text Component; Graphical Line; Document Image; Scale Invariant Feature Transform |
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Abstract |
Interpretation of graphical document images is a challenging task as it requires proper understanding of text/graphics symbols present in such documents. Difficulties arise in graphical document recognition when text and symbol overlapped/touched. Intersection of text and symbols with graphical lines and curves occur frequently in graphical documents and hence separation of such symbols is very difficult.
Several pattern recognition and classification techniques exist to recognize isolated text/symbol. But, the touching/overlapping text and symbol recognition has not yet been dealt successfully. An interesting technique, Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), originally devised for object recognition can take care of overlapping problems. Even if SIFT features have emerged as a very powerful object descriptors, their employment in graphical documents context has not been investigated much. In this paper we present the adaptation of the SIFT approach in the context of text character localization (spotting) in graphical documents. We evaluate the applicability of this technique in such documents and discuss the scope of improvement by combining some state-of-the-art approaches. |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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LNCS |
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0302-9743 |
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978-3-642-13727-3 |
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DAG |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RPL2010c |
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2408 |
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Author |
Sergio Escalera; Petia Radeva; Jordi Vitria; Xavier Baro; Bogdan Raducanu |
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Title |
Modelling and Analyzing Multimodal Dyadic Interactions Using Social Networks |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
12th International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces and 7th Workshop on Machine Learning for Multimodal Interaction. |
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Social interaction; Multimodal fusion, Influence model; Social network analysis |
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Social network analysis became a common technique used to model and quantify the properties of social interactions. In this paper, we propose an integrated framework to explore the characteristics of a social network extracted from
multimodal dyadic interactions. First, speech detection is performed through an audio/visual fusion scheme based on stacked sequential learning. In the audio domain, speech is detected through clusterization of audio features. Clusters
are modelled by means of an One-state Hidden Markov Model containing a diagonal covariance Gaussian Mixture Model. In the visual domain, speech detection is performed through differential-based feature extraction from the segmented
mouth region, and a dynamic programming matching procedure. Second, in order to model the dyadic interactions, we employed the Influence Model whose states
encode the previous integrated audio/visual data. Third, the social network is extracted based on the estimated influences. For our study, we used a set of videos belonging to New York Times’ Blogging Heads opinion blog. The results
are reported both in terms of accuracy of the audio/visual data fusion and centrality measures used to characterize the social network. |
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Beijing (China) |
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ICMI-MLI |
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OR;MILAB;HUPBA;MV |
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no |
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BCNPCL @ bcnpcl @ ERV2010 |
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1427 |
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Author |
Albert Ali Salah; E. Pauwels; R. Tavenard; Theo Gevers |
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Title |
T-Patterns Revisited: Mining for Temporal Patterns in Sensor Data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Sensors |
Abbreviated Journal |
SENS |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
8 |
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7496-7513 |
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sensor networks; temporal pattern extraction; T-patterns; Lempel-Ziv; Gaussian mixture model; MERL motion data |
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The trend to use large amounts of simple sensors as opposed to a few complex sensors to monitor places and systems creates a need for temporal pattern mining algorithms to work on such data. The methods that try to discover re-usable and interpretable patterns in temporal event data have several shortcomings. We contrast several recent approaches to the problem, and extend the T-Pattern algorithm, which was previously applied for detection of sequential patterns in behavioural sciences. The temporal complexity of the T-pattern approach is prohibitive in the scenarios we consider. We remedy this with a statistical model to obtain a fast and robust algorithm to find patterns in temporal data. We test our algorithm on a recent database collected with passive infrared sensors with millions of events. |
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ALTRES;ISE |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ SPT2010 |
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1845 |
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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Theo Gevers; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
3D Scene Priors for Road Detection |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
23rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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57–64 |
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road detection |
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Vision-based road detection is important in different areas of computer vision such as autonomous driving, car collision warning and pedestrian crossing detection. However, current vision-based road detection methods are usually based on low-level features and they assume structured roads, road homogeneity, and uniform lighting conditions. Therefore, in this paper, contextual 3D information is used in addition to low-level cues. Low-level photometric invariant cues are derived from the appearance of roads. Contextual cues used include horizon lines, vanishing points, 3D scene layout and 3D road stages. Moreover, temporal road cues are included. All these cues are sensitive to different imaging conditions and hence are considered as weak cues. Therefore, they are combined to improve the overall performance of the algorithm. To this end, the low-level, contextual and temporal cues are combined in a Bayesian framework to classify road sequences. Large scale experiments on road sequences show that the road detection method is robust to varying imaging conditions, road types, and scenarios (tunnels, urban and highway). Further, using the combined cues outperforms all other individual cues. Finally, the proposed method provides highest road detection accuracy when compared to state-of-the-art methods. |
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San Francisco; CA; USA; June 2010 |
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1063-6919 |
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978-1-4244-6984-0 |
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CVPR |
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ADAS;ISE |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ AGL2010a |
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1302 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Felipe Lumbreras; Theo Gevers; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Geographic Information for vision-based Road Detection |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium |
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621–626 |
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road detection |
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Road detection is a vital task for the development of autonomous vehicles. The knowledge of the free road surface ahead of the target vehicle can be used for autonomous driving, road departure warning, as well as to support advanced driver assistance systems like vehicle or pedestrian detection. Using vision to detect the road has several advantages in front of other sensors: richness of features, easy integration, low cost or low power consumption. Common vision-based road detection approaches use low-level features (such as color or texture) as visual cues to group pixels exhibiting similar properties. However, it is difficult to foresee a perfect clustering algorithm since roads are in outdoor scenarios being imaged from a mobile platform. In this paper, we propose a novel high-level approach to vision-based road detection based on geographical information. The key idea of the algorithm is exploiting geographical information to provide a rough detection of the road. Then, this segmentation is refined at low-level using color information to provide the final result. The results presented show the validity of our approach. |
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San Diego; CA; USA |
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IV |
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ADAS;ISE |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ ALG2010 |
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1428 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jose Manuel Alvarez; Theo Gevers; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Learning photometric invariance for object detection |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
International Journal of Computer Vision |
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IJCV |
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90 |
Issue |
1 |
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45-61 |
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road detection |
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Abstract |
Impact factor: 3.508 (the last available from JCR2009SCI). Position 4/103 in the category Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence. Quartile
Color is a powerful visual cue in many computer vision applications such as image segmentation and object recognition. However, most of the existing color models depend on the imaging conditions that negatively affect the performance of the task at hand. Often, a reflection model (e.g., Lambertian or dichromatic reflectance) is used to derive color invariant models. However, this approach may be too restricted to model real-world scenes in which different reflectance mechanisms can hold simultaneously.
Therefore, in this paper, we aim to derive color invariance by learning from color models to obtain diversified color invariant ensembles. First, a photometrical orthogonal and non-redundant color model set is computed composed of both color variants and invariants. Then, the proposed method combines these color models to arrive at a diversified color ensemble yielding a proper balance between invariance (repeatability) and discriminative power (distinctiveness). To achieve this, our fusion method uses a multi-view approach to minimize the estimation error. In this way, the proposed method is robust to data uncertainty and produces properly diversified color invariant ensembles. Further, the proposed method is extended to deal with temporal data by predicting the evolution of observations over time.
Experiments are conducted on three different image datasets to validate the proposed method. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the method is robust against severe variations in imaging conditions. The method is not restricted to a certain reflection model or parameter tuning, and outperforms state-of-the-art detection techniques in the field of object, skin and road recognition. Considering sequential data, the proposed method (extended to deal with future observations) outperforms the other methods |
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Springer US |
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0920-5691 |
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ADAS;ISE |
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no |
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ADAS @ adas @ AGL2010c |
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1451 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Sergio Vera |
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Title |
Finger joint modelling from hand X-ray images for assessing rheumatoid arthritis |
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Report |
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2010 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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164 |
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Rheumatoid arthritis; joint detection; X-ray; Van der Heijde score |
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Abstract |
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune, systemic, inflammatory disorder that mainly af- fects bone joints. While there is no cure for this disease, continuous advances on palliative treatments require frequent verification of patient’s illness evolution. Such evolution is mea- sured through several available semi-quantitative methods that require evaluation of hand and foot X-ray images. Accurate assessment is a time consuming task that requires highly trained personnel. This hinders a generalized use in clinical practice for early diagnose and disease follow-up. In the context of the automatization of such evaluation methods we present a method for detection and characterization of finger joints in hand radiography images. Several measures for assessing the reduction of joint space width are proposed. We compare for the first time such measures to the Van der Heijde score, the gold standard method for rheumatoid arthritis assessment. The proposed method outperforms existing strategies with a detection rate above 95%. Our comparison to Van der Heijde index shows a promising correlation that encourages further research. |
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Master's thesis |
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Bellaterra 01893, Barcelona, Spain |
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IAM |
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IAM @ iam @ Ver2010 |
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1661 |
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Author |
Javier Marin; David Vazquez; David Geronimo; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Learning Appearance in Virtual Scenarios for Pedestrian Detection |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
23rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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137–144 |
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Keywords |
Pedestrian Detection; Domain Adaptation |
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Abstract |
Detecting pedestrians in images is a key functionality to avoid vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions. The most promising detectors rely on appearance-based pedestrian classifiers trained with labelled samples. This paper addresses the following question: can a pedestrian appearance model learnt in virtual scenarios work successfully for pedestrian detection in real images? (Fig. 1). Our experiments suggest a positive answer, which is a new and relevant conclusion for research in pedestrian detection. More specifically, we record training sequences in virtual scenarios and then appearance-based pedestrian classifiers are learnt using HOG and linear SVM. We test such classifiers in a publicly available dataset provided by Daimler AG for pedestrian detection benchmarking. This dataset contains real world images acquired from a moving car. The obtained result is compared with the one given by a classifier learnt using samples coming from real images. The comparison reveals that, although virtual samples were not specially selected, both virtual and real based training give rise to classifiers of similar performance. |
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San Francisco; CA; USA; June 2010 |
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English |
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English |
Original Title |
Learning Appearance in Virtual Scenarios for Pedestrian Detection |
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1063-6919 |
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978-1-4244-6984-0 |
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CVPR |
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ADAS |
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no |
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Call Number |
ADAS @ adas @ MVG2010 |
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1304 |
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Author |
David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
2D-3D based on-board pedestrian detection system |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Computer Vision and Image Understanding |
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CVIU |
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114 |
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5 |
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583–595 |
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Keywords |
Pedestrian detection; Advanced Driver Assistance Systems; Horizon line; Haar wavelets; Edge orientation histograms |
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Abstract |
During the next decade, on-board pedestrian detection systems will play a key role in the challenge of increasing traffic safety. The main target of these systems, to detect pedestrians in urban scenarios, implies overcoming difficulties like processing outdoor scenes from a mobile platform and searching for aspect-changing objects in cluttered environments. This makes such systems combine techniques in the state-of-the-art Computer Vision. In this paper we present a three module system based on both 2D and 3D cues. The first module uses 3D information to estimate the road plane parameters and thus select a coherent set of regions of interest (ROIs) to be further analyzed. The second module uses Real AdaBoost and a combined set of Haar wavelets and edge orientation histograms to classify the incoming ROIs as pedestrian or non-pedestrian. The final module loops again with the 3D cue in order to verify the classified ROIs and with the 2D in order to refine the final results. According to the results, the integration of the proposed techniques gives rise to a promising system. |
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Computer Vision and Image Understanding (Special Issue on Intelligent Vision Systems), Vol. 114(5):583-595 |
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1077-3142 |
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ADAS @ adas @ GSP2010 |
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1341 |
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Author |
David Geronimo; Angel Sappa; Antonio Lopez |
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Title |
Stereo-based Candidate Generation for Pedestrian Protection Systems |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Binocular Vision: Development, Depth Perception and Disorders |
Abbreviated Journal |
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9 |
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189–208 |
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Pedestrian Detection |
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This chapter describes a stereo-based algorithm that provides candidate image windows to a latter 2D classification stage in an on-board pedestrian detection system. The proposed algorithm, which consists of three stages, is based on the use of both stereo imaging and scene prior knowledge (i.e., pedestrians are on the ground) to reduce the candidate searching space. First, a successful road surface fitting algorithm provides estimates on the relative ground-camera pose. This stage directs the search toward the road area thus avoiding irrelevant regions like the sky. Then, three different schemes are used to scan the estimated road surface with pedestrian-sized windows: (a) uniformly distributed through the road surface (3D); (b) uniformly distributed through the image (2D); (c) not uniformly distributed but according to a quadratic function (combined 2D-3D). Finally, the set of candidate windows is reduced by analyzing their 3D content. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm, together with statistics of searching space reduction are provided. |
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NOVA Publishers |
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ADAS |
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ADAS @ adas @ GSL2010 |
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1301 |
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