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Author |
Naila Murray; Maria Vanrell; Xavier Otazu; C. Alejandro Parraga |
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Title |
Low-level SpatioChromatic Grouping for Saliency Estimation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence |
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TPAMI |
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35 |
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11 |
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2810-2816 |
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We propose a saliency model termed SIM (saliency by induction mechanisms), which is based on a low-level spatiochromatic model that has successfully predicted chromatic induction phenomena. In so doing, we hypothesize that the low-level visual mechanisms that enhance or suppress image detail are also responsible for making some image regions more salient. Moreover, SIM adds geometrical grouplets to enhance complex low-level features such as corners, and suppress relatively simpler features such as edges. Since our model has been fitted on psychophysical chromatic induction data, it is largely nonparametric. SIM outperforms state-of-the-art methods in predicting eye fixations on two datasets and using two metrics. |
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0162-8828 |
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CIC; 600.051; 600.052; 605.203 |
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Admin @ si @ MVO2013 |
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2289 |
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Author |
Albert Gordo |
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Title |
A Cyclic Page Layout Descriptor for Document Classification & Retrieval |
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Report |
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2009 |
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CVC Technical Report |
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128 |
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Computer Vision Center |
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Master's thesis |
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Bellaterra, Barcelona |
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CIC;DAG |
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Admin @ si @ Gor2009 |
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2387 |
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Author |
Javier Vazquez; J. Kevin O'Regan; Maria Vanrell; Graham D. Finlayson |
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Title |
A new spectrally sharpened basis to predict colour naming, unique hues, and hue cancellation |
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2012 |
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Journal of Vision |
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VSS |
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12 |
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6 (7) |
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1-14 |
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When light is reflected off a surface, there is a linear relation between the three human photoreceptor responses to the incoming light and the three photoreceptor responses to the reflected light. Different colored surfaces have different linear relations. Recently, Philipona and O'Regan (2006) showed that when this relation is singular in a mathematical sense, then the surface is perceived as having a highly nameable color. Furthermore, white light reflected by that surface is perceived as corresponding precisely to one of the four psychophysically measured unique hues. However, Philipona and O'Regan's approach seems unrelated to classical psychophysical models of color constancy. In this paper we make this link. We begin by transforming cone sensors to spectrally sharpened counterparts. In sharp color space, illumination change can be modeled by simple von Kries type scalings of response values within each of the spectrally sharpened response channels. In this space, Philipona and O'Regan's linear relation is captured by a simple Land-type color designator defined by dividing reflected light by incident light. This link between Philipona and O'Regan's theory and Land's notion of color designator gives the model biological plausibility. We then show that Philipona and O'Regan's singular surfaces are surfaces which are very close to activating only one or only two of such newly defined spectrally sharpened sensors, instead of the usual three. Closeness to zero is quantified in a new simplified measure of singularity which is also shown to relate to the chromaticness of colors. As in Philipona and O'Regan's original work, our new theory accounts for a large variety of psychophysical color data. |
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Admin @ si @ VOV2012 |
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1998 |
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Author |
Javier Vazquez; Maria Vanrell; Ramon Baldrich; Francesc Tous |
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Title |
Color Constancy by Category Correlation |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing |
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TIP |
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21 |
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4 |
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1997-2007 |
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Finding color representations which are stable to illuminant changes is still an open problem in computer vision. Until now most approaches have been based on physical constraints or statistical assumptions derived from the scene, while very little attention has been paid to the effects that selected illuminants have
on the final color image representation. The novelty of this work is to propose
perceptual constraints that are computed on the corrected images. We define the
category hypothesis, which weights the set of feasible illuminants according to their ability to map the corrected image onto specific colors. Here we choose these colors as the universal color categories related to basic linguistic terms which have been psychophysically measured. These color categories encode natural color statistics, and their relevance across different cultures is indicated by the fact that they have received a common color name. From this category hypothesis we propose a fast implementation that allows the sampling of a large set of illuminants. Experiments prove that our method rivals current state-of-art performance without the need for training algorithmic parameters. Additionally, the method can be used as a framework to insert top-down information from other sources, thus opening further research directions in solving for color constancy. |
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1057-7149 |
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Admin @ si @ VVB2012 |
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1999 |
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Author |
Graham D. Finlayson; Javier Vazquez; Sabine Süsstrunk; Maria Vanrell |
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Title |
Spectral sharpening by spherical sampling |
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Journal Article |
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2012 |
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Journal of the Optical Society of America A |
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JOSA A |
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29 |
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7 |
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1199-1210 |
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There are many works in color that assume illumination change can be modeled by multiplying sensor responses by individual scaling factors. The early research in this area is sometimes grouped under the heading “von Kries adaptation”: the scaling factors are applied to the cone responses. In more recent studies, both in psychophysics and in computational analysis, it has been proposed that scaling factors should be applied to linear combinations of the cones that have narrower support: they should be applied to the so-called “sharp sensors.” In this paper, we generalize the computational approach to spectral sharpening in three important ways. First, we introduce spherical sampling as a tool that allows us to enumerate in a principled way all linear combinations of the cones. This allows us to, second, find the optimal sharp sensors that minimize a variety of error measures including CIE Delta E (previous work on spectral sharpening minimized RMS) and color ratio stability. Lastly, we extend the spherical sampling paradigm to the multispectral case. Here the objective is to model the interaction of light and surface in terms of color signal spectra. Spherical sampling is shown to improve on the state of the art. |
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1084-7529 |
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Admin @ si @ FVS2012 |
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2000 |
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Author |
Naila Murray; Sandra Skaff; Luca Marchesotti; Florent Perronnin |
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Title |
Towards automatic and flexible concept transfer |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Computers and Graphics |
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CG |
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36 |
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6 |
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622–634 |
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This paper introduces a novel approach to automatic, yet flexible, image concepttransfer; examples of concepts are “romantic”, “earthy”, and “luscious”. The presented method modifies the color content of an input image given only a concept specified by a user in natural language, thereby requiring minimal user input. This method is particularly useful for users who are aware of the message they wish to convey in the transferred image while being unsure of the color combination needed to achieve the corresponding transfer. Our framework is flexible for two reasons. First, the user may select one of two modalities to map input image chromaticities to target concept chromaticities depending on the level of photo-realism required. Second, the user may adjust the intensity level of the concepttransfer to his/her liking with a single parameter. The proposed method uses a convex clustering algorithm, with a novel pruning mechanism, to automatically set the complexity of models of chromatic content. Results show that our approach yields transferred images which effectively represent concepts as confirmed by a user study. |
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0097-8493 |
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Admin @ si @ MSM2012 |
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2002 |
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Author |
Joost Van de Weijer; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell; Cordelia Schmid; Ramon Baldrich; Jacob Verbeek; Diane Larlus |
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Title |
Color Naming |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Color in Computer Vision: Fundamentals and Applications |
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17 |
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287-317 |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Theo Gevers;Arjan Gijsenij;Joost Van de Weijer;Jan-Mark Geusebroek |
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Admin @ si @ WBV2012 |
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2063 |
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Ernest Valveny; Robert Benavente; Agata Lapedriza; Miquel Ferrer; Jaume Garcia; Gemma Sanchez |
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Title |
Adaptation of a computer programming course to the EXHE requirements: evaluation five years later |
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Miscellaneous |
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2012 |
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European Journal of Engineering Education |
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37 |
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3 |
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243-254 |
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DAG; CIC; OR; invisible;MV |
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Admin @ si @ VBL2012 |
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2070 |
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Author |
Shida Beigpour |
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Title |
Illumination and object reflectance modeling |
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2013 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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More realistic and accurate models of the scene illumination and object reflectance can greatly improve the quality of many computer vision and computer graphics tasks. Using such model, a more profound knowledge about the interaction of light with object surfaces can be established which proves crucial to a variety of computer vision applications. In the current work, we investigate the various existing approaches to illumination and reflectance modeling and form an analysis on their shortcomings in capturing the complexity of real-world scenes. Based on this analysis we propose improvements to different aspects of reflectance and illumination estimation in order to more realistically model the real-world scenes in the presence of complex lighting phenomena (i.e, multiple illuminants, interreflections and shadows). Moreover, we captured our own multi-illuminant dataset which consists of complex scenes and illumination conditions both outdoor and in laboratory conditions. In addition we investigate the use of synthetic data to facilitate the construction of datasets and improve the process of obtaining ground-truth information. |
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Barcelona |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Joost Van de Weijer;Ernest Valveny |
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Admin @ si @ Bei2013 |
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2267 |
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Author |
Rahat Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Damien Muselet |
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Title |
Towards multispectral data acquisition with hand-held devices |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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2053 - 2057 |
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Multispectral; mobile devices; color measurements |
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We propose a method to acquire multispectral data with handheld devices with front-mounted RGB cameras. We propose to use the display of the device as an illuminant while the camera captures images illuminated by the red, green and
blue primaries of the display. Three illuminants and three response functions of the camera lead to nine response values which are used for reflectance estimation. Results are promising and show that the accuracy of the spectral reconstruction improves in the range from 30-40% over the spectral
reconstruction based on a single illuminant. Furthermore, we propose to compute sensor-illuminant aware linear basis by discarding the part of the reflectances that falls in the sensorilluminant null-space. We show experimentally that optimizing reflectance estimation on these new basis functions decreases
the RMSE significantly over basis functions that are independent to sensor-illuminant. We conclude that, multispectral data acquisition is potentially possible with consumer hand-held devices such as tablets, mobiles, and laptops, opening up applications which are currently considered to be unrealistic. |
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Melbourne; Australia; September 2013 |
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CIC; DAG; 600.048 |
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Admin @ si @ KWK2013b |
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2265 |
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Shida Beigpour; Marc Serra; Joost Van de Weijer; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell; Olivier Penacchio; Dimitris Samaras |
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Title |
Intrinsic Image Evaluation On Synthetic Complex Scenes |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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285 - 289 |
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Scene decomposition into its illuminant, shading, and reflectance intrinsic images is an essential step for scene understanding. Collecting intrinsic image groundtruth data is a laborious task. The assumptions on which the ground-truth
procedures are based limit their application to simple scenes with a single object taken in the absence of indirect lighting and interreflections. We investigate synthetic data for intrinsic image research since the extraction of ground truth is straightforward, and it allows for scenes in more realistic situations (e.g, multiple illuminants and interreflections). With this dataset we aim to motivate researchers to further explore intrinsic image decomposition in complex scenes. |
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Melbourne; Australia; September 2013 |
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CIC; 600.048; 600.052; 600.051 |
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Admin @ si @ BSW2013 |
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2264 |
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Rahat Khan; Joost Van de Weijer; Fahad Shahbaz Khan; Damien Muselet; christophe Ducottet; Cecile Barat |
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Title |
Discriminative Color Descriptors |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
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2866 - 2873 |
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Color description is a challenging task because of large variations in RGB values which occur due to scene accidental events, such as shadows, shading, specularities, illuminant color changes, and changes in viewing geometry. Traditionally, this challenge has been addressed by capturing the variations in physics-based models, and deriving invariants for the undesired variations. The drawback of this approach is that sets of distinguishable colors in the original color space are mapped to the same value in the photometric invariant space. This results in a drop of discriminative power of the color description. In this paper we take an information theoretic approach to color description. We cluster color values together based on their discriminative power in a classification problem. The clustering has the explicit objective to minimize the drop of mutual information of the final representation. We show that such a color description automatically learns a certain degree of photometric invariance. We also show that a universal color representation, which is based on other data sets than the one at hand, can obtain competing performance. Experiments show that the proposed descriptor outperforms existing photometric invariants. Furthermore, we show that combined with shape description these color descriptors obtain excellent results on four challenging datasets, namely, PASCAL VOC 2007, Flowers-102, Stanford dogs-120 and Birds-200. |
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Portland; Oregon; June 2013 |
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1063-6919 |
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CVPR |
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CIC; 600.048 |
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Admin @ si @ KWK2013a |
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2262 |
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Christophe Rigaud; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Joost Van de Weijer; Jean-Christophe Burie; Jean-Marc Ogier |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Title |
Automatic text localisation in scanned comic books |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications |
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814-819 |
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Text localization; comics; text/graphic separation; complex background; unstructured document |
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Comic books constitute an important cultural heritage asset in many countries. Digitization combined with subsequent document understanding enable direct content-based search as opposed to metadata only search (e.g. album title or author name). Few studies have been done in this direction. In this work we detail a novel approach for the automatic text localization in scanned comics book pages, an essential step towards a fully automatic comics book understanding. We focus on speech text as it is semantically important and represents the majority of the text present in comics. The approach is compared with existing methods of text localization found in the literature and results are presented. |
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Barcelona; February 2013 |
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VISAPP |
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DAG; CIC; 600.056 |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ RKW2013b |
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2261 |
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Author |
Christophe Rigaud; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Joost Van de Weijer; Jean-Christophe Burie; Jean-Marc Ogier |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
An active contour model for speech balloon detection in comics |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1240-1244 |
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Comic books constitute an important cultural heritage asset in many countries. Digitization combined with subsequent comic book understanding would enable a variety of new applications, including content-based retrieval and content retargeting. Document understanding in this domain is challenging as comics are semi-structured documents, combining semantically important graphical and textual parts. Few studies have been done in this direction. In this work we detail a novel approach for closed and non-closed speech balloon localization in scanned comic book pages, an essential step towards a fully automatic comic book understanding. The approach is compared with existing methods for closed balloon localization found in the literature and results are presented. |
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washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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DAG; CIC; 600.056 |
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Admin @ si @ RKW2013a |
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2260 |
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Author |
Olivier Penacchio; Xavier Otazu; Laura Dempere-Marco |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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A Neurodynamical Model of Brightness Induction in V1 |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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PloS ONE |
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8 |
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5 |
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e64086 |
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Brightness induction is the modulation of the perceived intensity of an area by the luminance of surrounding areas. Recent neurophysiological evidence suggests that brightness information might be explicitly represented in V1, in contrast to the more common assumption that the striate cortex is an area mostly responsive to sensory information. Here we investigate possible neural mechanisms that offer a plausible explanation for such phenomenon. To this end, a neurodynamical model which is based on neurophysiological evidence and focuses on the part of V1 responsible for contextual influences is presented. The proposed computational model successfully accounts for well known psychophysical effects for static contexts and also for brightness induction in dynamic contexts defined by modulating the luminance of surrounding areas. This work suggests that intra-cortical interactions in V1 could, at least partially, explain brightness induction effects and reveals how a common general architecture may account for several different fundamental processes, such as visual saliency and brightness induction, which emerge early in the visual processing pathway. |
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Admin @ si @ POD2013 |
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2242 |
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Author |
Alicia Fornes; Xavier Otazu; Josep Llados |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Show through cancellation and image enhancement by multiresolution contrast processing |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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200-204 |
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Historical documents suffer from different types of degradation and noise such as background variation, uneven illumination or dark spots. In case of double-sided documents, another common problem is that the back side of the document usually interferes with the front side because of the transparency of the document or ink bleeding. This effect is called the show through phenomenon. Many methods are developed to solve these problems, and in the case of show-through, by scanning and matching both the front and back sides of the document. In contrast, our approach is designed to use only one side of the scanned document. We hypothesize that show-trough are low contrast components, while foreground components are high contrast ones. A Multiresolution Contrast (MC) decomposition is presented in order to estimate the contrast of features at different spatial scales. We cancel the show-through phenomenon by thresholding these low contrast components. This decomposition is also able to enhance the image removing shadowed areas by weighting spatial scales. Results show that the enhanced images improve the readability of the documents, allowing scholars both to recover unreadable words and to solve ambiguities. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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DAG; 602.006; 600.045; 600.061; 600.052;CIC |
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Admin @ si @ FOL2013 |
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2241 |
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Author |
Sandra Jimenez; Xavier Otazu; Valero Laparra; Jesus Malo |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Title |
Chromatic induction and contrast masking: similar models, different goals? |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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Human Vision and Electronic Imaging XVIII |
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8651 |
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Normalization of signals coming from linear sensors is an ubiquitous mechanism of neural adaptation.1 Local interaction between sensors tuned to a particular feature at certain spatial position and neighbor sensors explains a wide range of psychophysical facts including (1) masking of spatial patterns, (2) non-linearities of motion sensors, (3) adaptation of color perception, (4) brightness and chromatic induction, and (5) image quality assessment. Although the above models have formal and qualitative similarities, it does not necessarily mean that the mechanisms involved are pursuing the same statistical goal. For instance, in the case of chromatic mechanisms (disregarding spatial information), different parameters in the normalization give rise to optimal discrimination or adaptation, and different non-linearities may give rise to error minimization or component independence. In the case of spatial sensors (disregarding color information), a number of studies have pointed out the benefits of masking in statistical independence terms. However, such statistical analysis has not been performed for spatio-chromatic induction models where chromatic perception depends on spatial configuration. In this work we investigate whether successful spatio-chromatic induction models,6 increase component independence similarly as previously reported for masking models. Mutual information analysis suggests that seeking an efficient chromatic representation may explain the prevalence of induction effects in spatially simple images. © (2013) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. |
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San Francisco CA; USA; February 2013 |
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Admin @ si @ JOL2013 |
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2240 |
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Author |
Susana Alvarez; Maria Vanrell |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Texton theory revisited: a bag-of-words approach to combine textons |
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2012 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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45 |
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12 |
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4312-4325 |
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The aim of this paper is to revisit an old theory of texture perception and
update its computational implementation by extending it to colour. With this in mind we try to capture the optimality of perceptual systems. This is achieved in the proposed approach by sharing well-known early stages of the visual processes and extracting low-dimensional features that perfectly encode adequate properties for a large variety of textures without needing further learning stages. We propose several descriptors in a bag-of-words framework that are derived from different quantisation models on to the feature spaces. Our perceptual features are directly given by the shape and colour attributes of image blobs, which are the textons. In this way we avoid learning visual words and directly build the vocabularies on these lowdimensionaltexton spaces. Main differences between proposed descriptors rely on how co-occurrence of blob attributes is represented in the vocabularies. Our approach overcomes current state-of-art in colour texture description which is proved in several experiments on large texture datasets. |
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0031-3203 |
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Admin @ si @ AlV2012a |
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2130 |
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