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Author |
Manuel Carbonell |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
Neural Information Extraction from Semi-structured Documents A |
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2020 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Abstract ![sorted by Abstract field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Sectors as fintech, legaltech or insurance process an inflow of millions of forms, invoices, id documents, claims or similar every day. Together with these, historical archives provide gigantic amounts of digitized documents containing useful information that needs to be stored in machine encoded text with a meaningful structure. This procedure, known as information extraction (IE) comprises the steps of localizing and recognizing text, identifying named entities contained in it and optionally finding relationships among its elements. In this work we explore multi-task neural models at image and graph level to solve all steps in a unified way. While doing so we find benefits and limitations of these end-to-end approaches in comparison with sequential separate methods. More specifically, we first propose a method to produce textual as well as semantic labels with a unified model from handwritten text line images. We do so with the use of a convolutional recurrent neural model trained with connectionist temporal classification to predict the textual as well as semantic information encoded in the images. Secondly, motivated by the success of this approach we investigate the unification of the localization and recognition tasks of handwritten text in full pages with an end-to-end model, observing benefits in doing so. Having two models that tackle information extraction subsequent task pairs in an end-to-end to end manner, we lastly contribute with a method to put them all together in a single neural network to solve the whole information extraction pipeline in a unified way. Doing so we observe some benefits and some limitations in the approach, suggesting that in certain cases it is beneficial to train specialized models that excel at a single challenging task of the information extraction process, as it can be the recognition of named entities or the extraction of relationships between them. For this reason we lastly study the use of the recently arrived graph neural network architectures for the semantic tasks of the information extraction process, which are recognition of named entities and relation extraction, achieving promising results on the relation extraction part. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Alicia Fornes;Mauricio Villegas;Josep Llados |
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978-84-122714-1-6 |
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DAG; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ Car20 |
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3483 |
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Author |
Antonio Clavelli |
![find book details (via ISBN) isbn](img/isbn.gif)
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Title |
A computational model of eye guidance, searching for text in real scene images |
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2014 |
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PhD Thesis, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona-CVC |
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Searching for text objects in real scene images is an open problem and a very active computer vision research area. A large number of methods have been proposed tackling the text search as extension of the ones from the document analysis field or inspired by general purpose object detection methods. However the general problem of object search in real scene images remains an extremely challenging problem due to the huge variability in object appearance. This thesis builds on top of the most recent findings in the visual attention literature presenting a novel computational model of eye guidance aiming to better describe text object search in real scene images.
First are presented the relevant state-of-the-art results from the visual attention literature regarding eye movements and visual search. Relevant models of attention are discussed and integrated with recent observations on the role of top-down constraints and the emerging need for a layered model of attention in which saliency is not the only factor guiding attention. Visual attention is then explained by the interaction of several modulating factors, such as objects, value, plans and saliency. Then we introduce our probabilistic formulation of attention deployment in real scene. The model is based on the rationale that oculomotor control depends on two interacting but distinct processes: an attentional process that assigns value to the sources of information and motor process that flexibly links information with action.
In such framework, the choice of where to look next is task-dependent and oriented to classes of objects embedded within pictures of complex scenes. The dependence on task is taken into account by exploiting the value and the reward of gazing at certain image patches or proto-objects that provide a sparse representation of the scene objects.
In the experimental section the model is tested in laboratory condition, comparing model simulations with data from eye tracking experiments. The comparison is qualitative in terms of observable scan paths and quantitative in terms of statistical similarity of gaze shift amplitude. Experiments are performed using eye tracking data from both a publicly available dataset of face and text and from newly performed eye-tracking experiments on a dataset of street view pictures containing text. The last part of this thesis is dedicated to study the extent to which the proposed model can account for human eye movements in a low constrained setting. We used a mobile eye tracking device and an ad-hoc developed methodology to compare model simulated eye data with the human eye data from mobile eye tracking recordings. Such setting allow to test the model in an incomplete visual information condition, reproducing a close to real-life search task. |
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Ph.D. thesis |
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Ediciones Graficas Rey |
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Dimosthenis Karatzas;Giuseppe Boccignone;Josep Llados |
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978-84-940902-6-4 |
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DAG; 600.077 |
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Admin @ si @ Cla2014 |
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2571 |
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Author |
Marçal Rusiñol |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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Title |
Classificació semàntica i visual de documents digitals |
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2019 |
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Revista de biblioteconomia i documentacio |
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75-86 |
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Se analizan los sistemas de procesamiento automático que trabajan sobre documentos digitalizados con el objetivo de describir los contenidos. De esta forma contribuyen a facilitar el acceso, permitir la indización automática y hacer accesibles los documentos a los motores de búsqueda. El objetivo de estas tecnologías es poder entrenar modelos computacionales que sean capaces de clasificar, agrupar o realizar búsquedas sobre documentos digitales. Así, se describen las tareas de clasificación, agrupamiento y búsqueda. Cuando utilizamos tecnologías de inteligencia artificial en los sistemas de
clasificación esperamos que la herramienta nos devuelva etiquetas semánticas; en sistemas de agrupamiento que nos devuelva documentos agrupados en clusters significativos; y en sistemas de búsqueda esperamos que dada una consulta, nos devuelva una lista ordenada de documentos en función de la relevancia. A continuación se da una visión de conjunto de los métodos que nos permiten describir los documentos digitales, tanto de manera visual (cuál es su apariencia), como a partir de sus contenidos semánticos (de qué hablan). En cuanto a la descripción visual de documentos se aborda el estado de la cuestión de las representaciones numéricas de documentos digitalizados
tanto por métodos clásicos como por métodos basados en el aprendizaje profundo (deep learning). Respecto de la descripción semántica de los contenidos se analizan técnicas como el reconocimiento óptico de caracteres (OCR); el cálculo de estadísticas básicas sobre la aparición de las diferentes palabras en un texto (bag-of-words model); y los métodos basados en aprendizaje profundo como el método word2vec, basado en una red neuronal que, dadas unas cuantas palabras de un texto, debe predecir cuál será la
siguiente palabra. Desde el campo de las ingenierías se están transfiriendo conocimientos que se han integrado en productos o servicios en los ámbitos de la archivística, la biblioteconomía, la documentación y las plataformas de gran consumo, sin embargo los algoritmos deben ser lo suficientemente eficientes no sólo para el reconocimiento y transcripción literal sino también para la capacidad de interpretación de los contenidos. |
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DAG; 600.084; 600.135; 600.121; 600.129 |
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Admin @ si @ Rus2019 |
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3282 |
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Author |
Josep Brugues Pujolras; Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
A Multilingual Approach to Scene Text Visual Question Answering |
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Conference Article |
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2022 |
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Document Analysis Systems.15th IAPR International Workshop, (DAS2022) |
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65-79 |
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Scene text; Visual question answering; Multilingual word embeddings; Vision and language; Deep learning |
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Scene Text Visual Question Answering (ST-VQA) has recently emerged as a hot research topic in Computer Vision. Current ST-VQA models have a big potential for many types of applications but lack the ability to perform well on more than one language at a time due to the lack of multilingual data, as well as the use of monolingual word embeddings for training. In this work, we explore the possibility to obtain bilingual and multilingual VQA models. In that regard, we use an already established VQA model that uses monolingual word embeddings as part of its pipeline and substitute them by FastText and BPEmb multilingual word embeddings that have been aligned to English. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible to obtain bilingual and multilingual VQA models with a minimal loss in performance in languages not used during training, as well as a multilingual model trained in multiple languages that match the performance of the respective monolingual baselines. |
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La Rochelle, France; May 22–25, 2022 |
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DAG; 611.004; 600.155; 601.002 |
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Admin @ si @ BGK2022b |
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3695 |
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Author |
Lluis Gomez; Dimosthenis Karatzas |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Title |
Multi-script Text Extraction from Natural Scenes |
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Conference Article |
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2013 |
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12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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467-471 |
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Scene text extraction methodologies are usually based in classification of individual regions or patches, using a priori knowledge for a given script or language. Human perception of text, on the other hand, is based on perceptual organisation through which text emerges as a perceptually significant group of atomic objects. Therefore humans are able to detect text even in languages and scripts never seen before. In this paper, we argue that the text extraction problem could be posed as the detection of meaningful groups of regions. We present a method built around a perceptual organisation framework that exploits collaboration of proximity and similarity laws to create text-group hypotheses. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm is competitive with state of the art approaches on a standard dataset covering text in variable orientations and two languages. |
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Washington; USA; August 2013 |
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1520-5363 |
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DAG; 600.056; 601.158; 601.197 |
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Admin @ si @ GoK2013 |
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2310 |
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Author |
Sergi Garcia Bordils; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Marçal Rusiñol |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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Accelerating Transformer-Based Scene Text Detection and Recognition via Token Pruning |
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2023 |
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17th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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14192 |
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106-121 |
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Scene Text Detection; Scene Text Recognition; Transformer Acceleration |
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Scene text detection and recognition is a crucial task in computer vision with numerous real-world applications. Transformer-based approaches are behind all current state-of-the-art models and have achieved excellent performance. However, the computational requirements of the transformer architecture makes training these methods slow and resource heavy. In this paper, we introduce a new token pruning strategy that significantly decreases training and inference times without sacrificing performance, striking a balance between accuracy and speed. We have applied this pruning technique to our own end-to-end transformer-based scene text understanding architecture. Our method uses a separate detection branch to guide the pruning of uninformative image features, which significantly reduces the number of tokens at the input of the transformer. Experimental results show how our network is able to obtain competitive results on multiple public benchmarks while running at significantly higher speeds. |
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San Jose; CA; USA; August 2023 |
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Admin @ si @ GKR2023a |
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3907 |
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Author |
Xinhang Song; Luis Herranz; Shuqiang Jiang |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Depth CNNs for RGB-D Scene Recognition: Learning from Scratch Better than Transferring from RGB-CNNs |
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2017 |
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31st AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence |
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RGB-D scene recognition; weakly supervised; fine tune; CNN |
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Scene recognition with RGB images has been extensively studied and has reached very remarkable recognition levels, thanks to convolutional neural networks (CNN) and large scene datasets. In contrast, current RGB-D scene data is much more limited, so often leverages RGB large datasets, by transferring pretrained RGB CNN models and fine-tuning with the target RGB-D dataset. However, we show that this approach has the limitation of hardly reaching bottom layers, which is key to learn modality-specific features. In contrast, we focus on the bottom layers, and propose an alternative strategy to learn depth features combining local weakly supervised training from patches followed by global fine tuning with images. This strategy is capable of learning very discriminative depth-specific features with limited depth images, without resorting to Places-CNN. In addition we propose a modified CNN architecture to further match the complexity of the model and the amount of data available. For RGB-D scene recognition, depth and RGB features are combined by projecting them in a common space and further leaning a multilayer classifier, which is jointly optimized in an end-to-end network. Our framework achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on NYU2 and SUN RGB-D in both depth only and combined RGB-D data. |
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San Francisco CA; February 2017 |
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AAAI |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ SHJ2017 |
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2967 |
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Sangheeta Roy; Palaiahnakote Shivakumara; Namita Jain; Vijeta Khare; Anjan Dutta; Umapada Pal; Tong Lu |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Rough-Fuzzy based Scene Categorization for Text Detection and Recognition in Video |
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2018 |
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Pattern Recognition |
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PR |
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80 |
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64-82 |
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Rough set; Fuzzy set; Video categorization; Scene image classification; Video text detection; Video text recognition |
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Scene image or video understanding is a challenging task especially when number of video types increases drastically with high variations in background and foreground. This paper proposes a new method for categorizing scene videos into different classes, namely, Animation, Outlet, Sports, e-Learning, Medical, Weather, Defense, Economics, Animal Planet and Technology, for the performance improvement of text detection and recognition, which is an effective approach for scene image or video understanding. For this purpose, at first, we present a new combination of rough and fuzzy concept to study irregular shapes of edge components in input scene videos, which helps to classify edge components into several groups. Next, the proposed method explores gradient direction information of each pixel in each edge component group to extract stroke based features by dividing each group into several intra and inter planes. We further extract correlation and covariance features to encode semantic features located inside planes or between planes. Features of intra and inter planes of groups are then concatenated to get a feature matrix. Finally, the feature matrix is verified with temporal frames and fed to a neural network for categorization. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods, at the same time, the performances of text detection and recognition methods are also improved significantly due to categorization. |
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DAG; 600.097; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ RSJ2018 |
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3096 |
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Shida Beigpour; Marc Serra; Joost Van de Weijer; Robert Benavente; Maria Vanrell; Olivier Penacchio; Dimitris Samaras |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Intrinsic Image Evaluation On Synthetic Complex Scenes |
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2013 |
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20th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing |
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285 - 289 |
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Scene decomposition into its illuminant, shading, and reflectance intrinsic images is an essential step for scene understanding. Collecting intrinsic image groundtruth data is a laborious task. The assumptions on which the ground-truth
procedures are based limit their application to simple scenes with a single object taken in the absence of indirect lighting and interreflections. We investigate synthetic data for intrinsic image research since the extraction of ground truth is straightforward, and it allows for scenes in more realistic situations (e.g, multiple illuminants and interreflections). With this dataset we aim to motivate researchers to further explore intrinsic image decomposition in complex scenes. |
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Melbourne; Australia; September 2013 |
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CIC; 600.048; 600.052; 600.051 |
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Admin @ si @ BSW2013 |
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2264 |
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Rahma Kalboussi; Aymen Azaza; Joost Van de Weijer; Mehrez Abdellaoui; Ali Douik |
![goto web page url](img/www.gif)
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Object proposals for salient object segmentation in videos |
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2020 |
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Multimedia Tools and Applications |
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MTAP |
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79 |
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13 |
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8677-8693 |
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Salient object segmentation in videos is generally broken up in a video segmentation part and a saliency assignment part. Recently, object proposals, which are used to segment the image, have had significant impact on many computer vision applications, including image segmentation, object detection, and recently saliency detection in still images. However, their usage has not yet been evaluated for salient object segmentation in videos. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the application of object proposals to salient object segmentation in videos. In addition, we propose a new motion feature derived from the optical flow structure tensor for video saliency detection. Experiments on two standard benchmark datasets for video saliency show that the proposed motion feature improves saliency estimation results, and that object proposals are an efficient method for salient object segmentation. Results on the challenging SegTrack v2 and Fukuchi benchmark data sets show that we significantly outperform the state-of-the-art. |
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LAMP; 600.120 |
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KAW2020 |
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3504 |
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Carola Figueroa Flores; David Berga; Joost Van de Weijer; Bogdan Raducanu |
![download PDF file pdf](img/file_PDF.gif)
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Saliency for free: Saliency prediction as a side-effect of object recognition |
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2021 |
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Pattern Recognition Letters |
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PRL |
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150 |
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1-7 |
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Saliency maps; Unsupervised learning; Object recognition |
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Saliency is the perceptual capacity of our visual system to focus our attention (i.e. gaze) on relevant objects instead of the background. So far, computational methods for saliency estimation required the explicit generation of a saliency map, process which is usually achieved via eyetracking experiments on still images. This is a tedious process that needs to be repeated for each new dataset. In the current paper, we demonstrate that is possible to automatically generate saliency maps without ground-truth. In our approach, saliency maps are learned as a side effect of object recognition. Extensive experiments carried out on both real and synthetic datasets demonstrated that our approach is able to generate accurate saliency maps, achieving competitive results when compared with supervised methods. |
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LAMP; 600.147; 600.120 |
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Admin @ si @ FBW2021 |
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3559 |
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Mohammad Momeny; Ali Asghar Neshat; Ahmad Jahanbakhshi; Majid Mahmoudi; Yiannis Ampatzidis; Petia Radeva |
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Grading and fraud detection of saffron via learning-to-augment incorporated Inception-v4 CNN |
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Journal Article |
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2023 |
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Food Control |
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FC |
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147 |
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109554 |
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Saffron is a well-known product in the food industry. It is one of the spices that are sometimes adulterated with the sole motive of gaining more economic profit. Today, machine vision systems are widely used in controlling the quality of food and agricultural products as a new, non-destructive, and inexpensive approach. In this study, a machine vision system based on deep learning was used to detect fraud and saffron quality. A dataset of 1869 images was created and categorized in 6 classes including: dried saffron stigma using a dryer; dried saffron stigma using pressing method; pure stem of saffron; sunflower; saffron stem mixed with food coloring; and corn silk mixed with food coloring. A Learning-to-Augment incorporated Inception-v4 Convolutional Neural Network (LAII-v4 CNN) was developed for grading and fraud detection of saffron in images captured by smartphones. The best policies of data augmentation were selected with the proposed LAII-v4 CNN using images corrupted by Gaussian, speckle, and impulse noise to address overfitting the model. The proposed LAII-v4 CNN compared with regular CNN-based methods and traditional classifiers. Ensemble of Bagged Decision Trees, Ensemble of Boosted Decision Trees, k-Nearest Neighbor, Random Under-sampling Boosted Trees, and Support Vector Machine were used for classification of the features extracted by Histograms of Oriented Gradients and Local Binary Patterns, and selected by the Principal Component Analysis. The results showed that the proposed LAII-v4 CNN with an accuracy of 99.5% has achieved the best performance by employing batch normalization, Dropout, and leaky ReLU. |
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MILAB |
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no |
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Admin @ si @ MNJ2023 |
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3882 |
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Justine Giroux; Mohammad Reza Karimi Dastjerdi; Yannick Hold-Geoffroy; Javier Vazquez; Jean François Lalonde |
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Towards a Perceptual Evaluation Framework for Lighting Estimation |
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2024 |
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Arxiv |
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rogress in lighting estimation is tracked by computing existing image quality assessment (IQA) metrics on images from standard datasets. While this may appear to be a reasonable approach, we demonstrate that doing so does not correlate to human preference when the estimated lighting is used to relight a virtual scene into a real photograph. To study this, we design a controlled psychophysical experiment where human observers must choose their preference amongst rendered scenes lit using a set of lighting estimation algorithms selected from the recent literature, and use it to analyse how these algorithms perform according to human perception. Then, we demonstrate that none of the most popular IQA metrics from the literature, taken individually, correctly represent human perception. Finally, we show that by learning a combination of existing IQA metrics, we can more accurately represent human preference. This provides a new perceptual framework to help evaluate future lighting estimation algorithms. |
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Seattle; USA; June 2024 |
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CVPR |
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MACO; CIC |
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Admin @ si @ GDH2024 |
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3999 |
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German Ros; J. Guerrero; Angel Sappa; Daniel Ponsa; Antonio Lopez |
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Fast and Robust l1-averaging-based Pose Estimation for Driving Scenarios |
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2013 |
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24th British Machine Vision Conference |
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SLAM |
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Robust visual pose estimation is at the core of many computer vision applications, being fundamental for Visual SLAM and Visual Odometry problems. During the last decades, many approaches have been proposed to solve these problems, being RANSAC one of the most accepted and used. However, with the arrival of new challenges, such as large driving scenarios for autonomous vehicles, along with the improvements in the data gathering frameworks, new issues must be considered. One of these issues is the capability of a technique to deal with very large amounts of data while meeting the realtime
constraint. With this purpose in mind, we present a novel technique for the problem of robust camera-pose estimation that is more suitable for dealing with large amount of data, which additionally, helps improving the results. The method is based on a combination of a very fast coarse-evaluation function and a robust ℓ1-averaging procedure. Such scheme leads to high-quality results while taking considerably less time than RANSAC.
Experimental results on the challenging KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite are provided, showing the validity of the proposed approach. |
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Bristol; UK; September 2013 |
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BMVC |
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ADAS |
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Admin @ si @ RGS2013b; ADAS @ adas @ |
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2274 |
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Yipeng Sun; Zihan Ni; Chee-Kheng Chng; Yuliang Liu; Canjie Luo; Chun Chet Ng; Junyu Han; Errui Ding; Jingtuo Liu; Dimosthenis Karatzas; Chee Seng Chan; Lianwen Jin |
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Title |
ICDAR 2019 Competition on Large-Scale Street View Text with Partial Labeling – RRC-LSVT |
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Conference Article |
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2019 |
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15th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition |
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1557-1562 |
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Robust text reading from street view images provides valuable information for various applications. Performance improvement of existing methods in such a challenging scenario heavily relies on the amount of fully annotated training data, which is costly and in-efficient to obtain. To scale up the amount of training data while keeping the labeling procedure cost-effective, this competition introduces a new challenge on Large-scale Street View Text with Partial Labeling (LSVT), providing 50, 000 and 400, 000 images in full and weak annotations, respectively. This competition aims to explore the abilities of state-of-the-art methods to detect and recognize text instances from large-scale street view images, closing the gap between research benchmarks and real applications. During the competition period, a total of 41 teams participated in the two proposed tasks with 132 valid submissions, ie, text detection and end-to-end text spotting. This paper includes dataset descriptions, task definitions, evaluation protocols and results summaries of the ICDAR 2019-LSVT challenge. |
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Sydney; Australia; September 2019 |
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ICDAR |
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DAG; 600.129; 600.121 |
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Admin @ si @ SNC2019 |
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3339 |
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